Existing studies have shown that Astragalus membranaceus(AM)and its active ingredients astragalus polysaccharides,oninon,and astragalus methyl glycosides can attenuate X-ray radiation-induced injury.However,there are no studies on how isoliquiritigenin(ISL)attenuate the bystander effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)induced by carbon ion radiation therapy for lung cancer.This study aimed to investigate the AM-derived small molecule ISL to enhance radiotherapy sensitivity by attenuating the carbon ion radiation-induced bystander effect(RIBE)in BMSCs to elucidate its mecha-nism of action.In this study,we established a C57BL/6 mouse lung cancer transplantation tumor model in vivo and a co-culture model of A549 cells and BMSCs in vitro,and the models were successfully treated with carbon ions.In further work,we used flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,Western blot,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),inhibitor,short hairpin RNA(shRNA),Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),and other methods to illustrate the mechanism.In the next experiments,we found that ISL combined with carbon ion radiotherapy had a significant anti-tumor effect and protected BMSCs from radiation damage.The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of ISL in enhancing the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to radiotherapy and attenuating RIBE in both in vitro and in vivo settings.Traditional Chinese medicine combined with radiation therapy is a promising and innovative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer.These results establish a theoretical foundation for further clinical development of ISL as a potential radiosensitizer option.

Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis are three key types of pathways in programmed cell death (PCD). Studies have found a wide range of cross-talk between the three types of pathways, leading to the proposal of the concept of PANoptosis, or the inflammatory PCD pathway regulated by the PANoptosome complex, which has key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis that cannot be explained by any of these single pathways. A growing number of studies have discovered that PANoptosis is involved in many liver-related disease processes, including liver cancer, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, liver failure, fulminant viral hepatitis, and others. Therefore, this paper reviews the potential mechanism and role of PANoptosis in order to provide directions for studying the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies for a variety of liver-related diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the status of T, B and NK lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and low-level viremia after nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment and to provide ideas for solving low-level viremia.Methods:This retrospective study involved 344 patients with chronic HBV infection who had been treated with NAs. They were divided into two groups: low-level viremia group (LLV group) and complete virological response group (CVR group). Clinical data including basic information, biochemistry and coagulation test results, HBV DNA, peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, PD1 and CD28 expression by T lymphocytes, and perforin and granzyme B expression by NK lymphocytes were collected and compared between the two groups. Propensity matching analysis was performed to verify the accuracy of the results.Results:Among the 344 cases, 162 were in the LLV group and 182 in the CVR group. There were no significant differences in disease diagnosis, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or albumin (ALB) level between the two groups ( P>0.05), but the differences in gender and age were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The differences in the counts and percentages of peripheral blood CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte and CD4 + /CD8 + ratios between the two groups were not statistically significant ( P>0.05), but the expression of PD1 and CD28 by peripheral blood CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes was higher in the LLV group than in the CVR group ( P<0.05). The count of peripheral blood CD19 + B lymphocytes in the LLV group was higher than that in the CVR group ( P>0.05), and the percentage of peripheral blood CD19 + B lymphocytes was also higher in the LLV group ( P<0.05). The count of peripheral blood CD16 + CD56 + NK lymphocytes and the expression of perforin in the LLV group were lower than those in the CVR group ( P>0.05). The percentage of peripheral blood CD16 + CD56 + NK lymphocytes and the expression of granzyme B in the LLV group were lower than those in the CVR group ( P<0.05). After propensity score matching, 108 cases in the LLV group and 108 cases in the CVR group showed no significant differences in basic information ( P>0.05); the percentage of CD4 + T lymphocytes and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were higher in the LLV group than in the CVR group, while the percentage of CD8 + lymphocytes was lower in the LLV group ( P<0.05); the expression of PD1 and CD28 by CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes remained higher in the LLV group ( P<0.05); the differences in the counts and percentages of peripheral blood CD19 + B lymphocytes as well as CD16 + CD56 + NK lymphocytes between the two groups were not statistically significant ( P>0.05); no significant difference in the expression of perforin by CD16 + CD56 + NK lymphocytes was found between the two groups ( P>0.05), and the expression of granzyme B remained lower in the LLV group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Abnormal number and function of T lymphocytes and decreased function of NK lymphocytes might be related to the development of LLV in patients with chronic HBV infection after treatment. Therefore, in addition to adjusting NAs, targeting of T and NK lymphocytes might also be a feasible measure for future LLV treatment.

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the reasons for efficacy heterogeneity analysis of 3 patients with pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) from one family after deep brain stimulation (DBS).Methods:Three PKAN patients with the same PANK2 gene mutation from one family, admitted to and accepted bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS in our hospital from May to August 2021, were selected. The clinical manifestations, including general condition, medical history, symptoms, and signs, of these 3 patients were collected; Burkefahn-Marsden Dystonia Movement Rating Scale (BFMDRS) scores and surface electromyography results were analyzed and compared before DBS and 2 weeks and 6 months after DBS. Results:The clinical phenotype of these 3 patients had obvious heterogeneity: patient 1 had the latest onset age and shortest duration, and the main manifestation included abnormal body activity and forced postures, without obvious body deformation; preoperative surface electromyography suggested that the involuntary muscle contractions intensity was the smallest, and involuntary movements characterized by alternating patterns of contractile discharge activity were the predominant. The patient 2 and patient 3 had early onset age and long course of disease with gradually aggravated disease, and manifested as lower limb claudication and involuntary limb torsion; patient 3 also had marked limb deformities; preoperative surface electromyography showed high intensity of involuntary muscle contraction and torsional spastic dystonia characterized by co-contractile firing activity. The BFMDRS scores and surface electromyography results of the 3 patients after DBS were significantly improved as compared with those before surgery, with obvious heterogeneity; the improvement rates of BFMDRS scores of patient 1, 2 and 3 were 88.1%, 60.5%, and 43.2%, and the improvement rates of surface electromyography were 82.36%, 63.79% and 72.25%, respectively,at 6 months after surgery as compared with those before surgery.Conclusion:PKAN exhibits complicated clinical heterogeneity, which is one of the reasons for efficacy heterogeneity for PKAN after DBS.

Objective:To investigate the reasons for efficacy heterogeneity analysis of 3 patients with pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) from one family after deep brain stimulation (DBS).Methods:Three PKAN patients with the same PANK2 gene mutation from one family, admitted to and accepted bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS in our hospital from May to August 2021, were selected. The clinical manifestations, including general condition, medical history, symptoms, and signs, of these 3 patients were collected; Burkefahn-Marsden Dystonia Movement Rating Scale (BFMDRS) scores and surface electromyography results were analyzed and compared before DBS and 2 weeks and 6 months after DBS. Results:The clinical phenotype of these 3 patients had obvious heterogeneity: patient 1 had the latest onset age and shortest duration, and the main manifestation included abnormal body activity and forced postures, without obvious body deformation; preoperative surface electromyography suggested that the involuntary muscle contractions intensity was the smallest, and involuntary movements characterized by alternating patterns of contractile discharge activity were the predominant. The patient 2 and patient 3 had early onset age and long course of disease with gradually aggravated disease, and manifested as lower limb claudication and involuntary limb torsion; patient 3 also had marked limb deformities; preoperative surface electromyography showed high intensity of involuntary muscle contraction and torsional spastic dystonia characterized by co-contractile firing activity. The BFMDRS scores and surface electromyography results of the 3 patients after DBS were significantly improved as compared with those before surgery, with obvious heterogeneity; the improvement rates of BFMDRS scores of patient 1, 2 and 3 were 88.1%, 60.5%, and 43.2%, and the improvement rates of surface electromyography were 82.36%, 63.79% and 72.25%, respectively,at 6 months after surgery as compared with those before surgery.Conclusion:PKAN exhibits complicated clinical heterogeneity, which is one of the reasons for efficacy heterogeneity for PKAN after DBS.

This paper collects information on the species resources of medicinal plants in Laos through various methods such as literature collation and analysis, sample line survey, visits and surveys, and initially obtains the medicinal plant resources in Laos, the use of folk herbs, and traditional medicine knowledge archives. It is found that Laos is rich with wild medicinal plant resources. There are 2 165 species (including varieties) belonging to 1 014 genera of 214 families, including 57 species belonging to 40 genera of 29 families of ferns, 32 species belonging to 17 genera of 8 families of gymnosperms, and 2 076 species belonging to 957 genera of 177 families of angiosperms. And, there are 108 kinds of medicinal materials currently circulatingin the market. Herbal resources is widely used in Laos, and many fresh herbs in the market have the special effects of relieving cough and promoting salivation, eliminating dampness, dispelling summer heat, nourishing yin and cooling blood.The medicinal materials for alleviating rheumatism and strengthening waist and knees in the market are with good prospects for development and utilization, so the development and management should be strengthened. China and Laos can conduct in-depth research and strengthen experience exchanges on traditional medicine experience.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on brucellosis and its influence on humoral immune indexes.Methods:In October 2019, 169 cases of brucellosis hospitalized in Tianjin Second People's Hospital were selected as the research objects, and divided into two groups according to the random number method, 84 cases in the integrated treatment group and 85 cases in the western medicine treatment group. The western medicine treatment group was given antibiotics and other routine western medicine support treatment. The integrated treatment group was given traditional Chinese medicine for treatment based on syndrome differentiation, on the basis of western medicine treatment group, and 6 weeks was a course of treatment. The clinical efficacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores were compared between the two groups of patients after treatment, and the changes in humoral immune indexes, biochemical, and liver and kidney functions of the patients before and after treatment were analyzed.Results:The total effective rate was 100.00% (84/84) in the integrated treatment group and 97.65% (83/85) in the western medicine treatment group. The difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) . The difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in TCM syndrome scores between the two groups before treatment ( P>0.05) , and the TCM syndrome scores after treatment were lower than before treatment ( P<0.05) . Among them, the TCM syndrome scores of the integrated treatment group were lower than those of the western medicine treatment group ( P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, miRNA-155, C-reactive protein (CRP) , erythrocyte sedimention rate (ESR) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between the two groups before treatment ( P>0.05) . After treatment, IgG, IgA, IgM, miRNA-155, CRP, ESR, ALT and AST were all lower than before treatment, and C3 and C4 complement levels were higher than before treatment ( P<0.05) . Among them, IgG, IgA, IgM, miRNA-155, CRP, ESR, ALT and AST in the integrative treatment group were all lower than the western medicine treatment group, while the C3 and C4 complement levels were higher than the western medicine treatment group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The treatment of brucellosis with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can significantly improve the TCM syndrome score and reduce the levels of CRP and ESR. The mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the patient's humoral immunological indicators.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on brucellosis and its influence on humoral immune indexes.Methods:In October 2019, 169 cases of brucellosis hospitalized in Tianjin Second People's Hospital were selected as the research objects, and divided into two groups according to the random number method, 84 cases in the integrated treatment group and 85 cases in the western medicine treatment group. The western medicine treatment group was given antibiotics and other routine western medicine support treatment. The integrated treatment group was given traditional Chinese medicine for treatment based on syndrome differentiation, on the basis of western medicine treatment group, and 6 weeks was a course of treatment. The clinical efficacy and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome scores were compared between the two groups of patients after treatment, and the changes in humoral immune indexes, biochemical, and liver and kidney functions of the patients before and after treatment were analyzed.Results:The total effective rate was 100.00% (84/84) in the integrated treatment group and 97.65% (83/85) in the western medicine treatment group. The difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) . The difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in TCM syndrome scores between the two groups before treatment ( P>0.05) , and the TCM syndrome scores after treatment were lower than before treatment ( P<0.05) . Among them, the TCM syndrome scores of the integrated treatment group were lower than those of the western medicine treatment group ( P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, miRNA-155, C-reactive protein (CRP) , erythrocyte sedimention rate (ESR) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between the two groups before treatment ( P>0.05) . After treatment, IgG, IgA, IgM, miRNA-155, CRP, ESR, ALT and AST were all lower than before treatment, and C3 and C4 complement levels were higher than before treatment ( P<0.05) . Among them, IgG, IgA, IgM, miRNA-155, CRP, ESR, ALT and AST in the integrative treatment group were all lower than the western medicine treatment group, while the C3 and C4 complement levels were higher than the western medicine treatment group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The treatment of brucellosis with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can significantly improve the TCM syndrome score and reduce the levels of CRP and ESR. The mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the patient's humoral immunological indicators.

Objective:To establish a predictive model and investigate its value in evaluating short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods:Patients with HBV-ACLF admitted to Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University from May 2015 to October 2018 were enrolled. The data of gender, age, laboratory markers at admission, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and clinical complications were collected for analysis. According to the prognosis on 12-week, patients were divided into survival group and death group. Univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to test the risk factors for short-term prognosis of the patients with HBV-ACLF, and a prediction model was established. The accuracy of each index and the established model were verified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:A total of 148 patients with HBV-ACLF were enrolled in the study, 91 cases survived while 57 cases died during the 12-week period. The age, total bilirubin (TBIL), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), MELD score of death group were higher than those of survival group [age (years old): 50.00 (44.50, 55.00) vs. 43.00 (34.00, 53.00), TBIL (μmol/L): 310.30 (240.70, 405.70) vs. 266.40 (184.20, 360.20), NEUT%: (74.52±13.05)% vs. (66.64±12.35)%, lg HBsAg (kU/L): 3.72 (3.29, 3.92) vs. 2.97 (2.49, 3.78), MELD score: 24.27 (19.71, 27.40) vs. 21.88 (18.83, 24.38), all P < 0.05], while albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (CHO), prothrombin activity (PTA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were lower than those of survival group [ALB (g/L): 29.80 (27.05, 31.05) vs. 30.80 (28.00, 33.90), CHO (mmol/L): 1.98 (1.50, 2.38) vs. 2.49 (2.05, 3.01), PTA: (30.37±7.09)% vs. (32.94±6.03)%, AFP (μg/L): 21.54 (9.28, 51.54) vs. 66.16 (24.50, 152.80), all P < 0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that NEUT%, HBsAg and AFP were independent risk factors for short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF [odds ratio ( OR) was 77.843, 1.439, 0.995, respectively, all P < 0.05]. According to the results of regression analysis, the NHA-ACLF model (NEUT%+HBsAg+AFP) was established. The formula was logit (NHA-ACLF) = -5.441+5.688×NEUT%+0.430×lg HBsAg-0.005×AFP. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the NHA-ACLF model for pred HBV-ACLF patients was 0.790, which was better than NEUT% (AUC = 0.696), lg HBsAg (AUC = 0.670), AFP (AUC = 0.703) and MELD score (AUC = 0.640). When the cut-off value of NHA-ACLF model score was 0.459, the sensitivity was 73.7%, and the specificity was 79.1%. Conclusions:NEUT%, HBsAg and AFP are independent predictive indicator for short-term prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF. Compared with MELD score, the risk assessment model NHA-ACLF has a greater value in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF.