ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole and levodopa on emotion and cognition, and mitochondrial membrane potential of rats after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MethodsA total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n = 20), model group (n = 20), pramipexole group (n = 20) and combined group (n = 20). The latter three groups were used to prepare the model of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion. The pramipexole group was intraperitoneally injected pramipexole 0.5 mg/kg once a day, while the combined group was injected levodopa 50 mg/kg and pramipexole 0.5 mg/kg, for 14 days. Five rats in each group were tested with open field test three, seven and 14 days after modeling; five were tested with Y-maze test seven and 14 days after modeling; five were detected mitochondrial membrane potential three, seven and 14 days after modeling; and five were observed under Nissl's staining14 days after modeling. ResultsCompared with the model group, the number of entries into the central zone (P < 0.05), total distance travelled (P < 0.05) and average velocity (P < 0.05) in the open field test increased in the pramipexole and combined groups seven and 14 days after modeling, duration spent in the central zone increased in the pramipexole and combined groups seven days after modeling (P < 0.05); the rate of spontaneous alternation of Y-maze test increased in the pramipexole and combined groups 14 days after modeling (P < 0.05); mitochondrial membrane potential in hippocampus increased in the pramipexole and combined groups seven and 14 days after modeling (P < 0.05), and it was less in the pramipexole group than in the combined group 14 days after modeling (P < 0.05); and the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampal CA1 increased in the pramipexole and combined groups 14 days after modeling (P < 0.05). ConclusionPramipexole may improve emotion and cognition of rats after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and it may be helpful for restoring mitochondrial membrane potential as combining with levodopa.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of low frequency or high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on right Broca's homologue in stroke patients with nonfluent aphasia. MethodsFrom January, 2019 to August, 2022, 80 inpatients in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 20), sham stimulation group (n = 20), low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS (LF-rTMS) group (n = 20) and high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS (HF-rTMS) group (n = 20). All the patients received routine language therapy. LF-rTMS group and HF-rTMS group received ten days of rTMS (1 Hz or 10 Hz), and the sham group received ten days of sham rTMS. The Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) was used to evaluate the language function before, after treatment, and two months after treatment. ResultsBefore treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of WAB among four groups (P > 0.05). All the scores improved in the four groups immediately after treatment and two months after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with immediately after treatment, all the scores of WAB improved in LF-rTMS group (P < 0.05), and the scores of recall, name and aphasia quotient (AQ) improved in HF-rTMS group (P < 0.05) two months after treatment. Immediately after treatment, the scores of content and fluency, auditory comprehension and AQ were higher in LF-rTMS group than in HF-rTMS group (P < 0.05). Two months after treatment, the scores of content and fluency were higher in LF-rTMS group than in HF-rTMS group (P < 0.05). ConclusionBoth 1 Hz and 10 Hz rTMS could improve the language function of stroke patients with nonfluent aphasia, especially 1 Hz.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of dysphagia after brainstem stroke, and rehabilitation effect and influencial factors for it. MethodsA retrospectively analysis was conducted in patients who were diagnosed as dysphagia after brainstem stroke in the Beijing Bo'ai Hospital from April, 2018 to December, 2021. The following data were collected: the general information (gender, age, course of disease, and time of treatment), the result of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), the Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS) score before and after treatment, the scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), FMA-Balance (FMA-B), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel index (BI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and whether oral feeding. Based on the result of VFSS, all patients were divided into non-cricopharyngeal achalasia group (control group) and cricopharyngeal achalasia group (observation group). ResultsA total of 60 patients were collected, with 29 in the control group and 31 in the observation group. The scores of FMA, FMA-B, BI and MMSE were higher (|t| > 3.281, P < 0.01), and the NIHSS score was lower (t = 4.390, P < 0.001) in the observation group than in the control group. Before treatment, the score of DSS was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (t = 5.785, P < 0.001); after treatment, the scores improved in both groups (|t| > 5.387, P < 0.001), and no significant difference was found between two groups (t = 1.675, P = 0.099); however, the d-value was more in the observation group than in the control group (t = -2.729, P = 0.008). There was no significant difference in the rate of oral feeding (χ² = 2.742, P = 0.098). In the control group, there were differences in the scores of NIHSS, FMA-B, BI and DSS between patients with oral feeding and those with nasal feeding (|t| > 2.429, P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was found in all factors in the observation group (P > 0.05). The DSS score was the influence factor of oral feeding in the control group (OR = 3.947, 95%CI 1.361 to 11.450, P = 0.012), and no influencing factor was found in the observation group. ConclusionAmong the patients with dysphagia after brainstem stroke, less accompanying disorders and more severe dysphagia were found in those with cricopharyngeal achalasia. All patients improved in dysphagia after treatment, and the rehabilitation effect of cricopharyngeal achalasia was better. The score of DSS relates with oral feeding in non-cricopharyngeal achalasia patients, and there was no specific influencing factor in cricopharyngeal achalasia patients.

Objective To explore the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), for stroke patients in rehabilitating, and the functional outcome. Methods A total of 3 557 stroke patients in the neurological rehabilitation center of Beijing Bo'ai Hospital for stroke rehabilitation from January, 2015 to October, 2020 were reviewed through the electronic medical record system. Demographic characteristics, stroke characteristics (type and location), laboratory data (D-dimer polymer and arterial partial pressure of oxygen), motor function (Brunnstrom stage, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of motor and balance, modified Ashworth Scale score of triceps crus, and Holden Walking Ability Classification), activities of daily living (Barthel Index), and anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatment data were collected and analyzed. Results The incidence of DVT and PE was 28.5% and 1.29%, respectively. Most were found 30 days later after onset. The incidence of PE was higher after ischemic stroke (χ2 = 12.49, P < 0.001) rather than hemorrhagic stroke. The patients with hemispheric stroke, severe lower-extremity paralysis, and poor activities of daily living were more prone to complications associated with VTE. After rehabilitation, the function of stroke patients with PE could be improved (|t| > 4.302, P < 0.001). Conclusion The risk of DVT and PE in patients during stroke convalescence may not be negligible, and those with older age, previous history of thrombosis, severe stroke, and severe limb paralysis may be stratified in high-risk. Following anticoagulation treatment, early individualized comprehensive rehabilitation can be done for patients with PE to improve their function and activities of daily living.

Objective To investigate the incidence of Holmes tremor (HT) after stroke and its outcome after medication and rehabilitation. Methods Patients diagnosed as HT after stroke in the ward of neurorehabilitation department from October, 2019 to September, 2021 were reviewed the clinical features, imaging manifestations, drug treatment plan, rehabilitation evaluation scales scores, rehabilitation plan and outcome. Results There were five inpatients with HT (0.7%, 5/715), and all were hemorrhagic stroke, accounting for 1.7% of hemorrhagic stroke. The lesions were located in the midbrain and pons in three cases, cerebellum in one case and thalamus in one case. The tremor appeared 1.5 to seven months after stroke, limited on head and limbs, with other neurological dysfunction. After the comprehensive treatment of drugs and rehabilitation, tremor improved in four cases, and ineffective in one case. The motor and balance function improved less, and the activities of daily living improved somehow. Conclusion The incidence of Holmes tremor is low in stroke patients. The tremor might respond to the treatment, but motor function would not.

Objective: To investigate MAML2 gene-translocation in primary pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) and pulmanary adenosquamous carcinoma, and the optimal diagnostic immunohistiochemical (IHC) panel in distinguishing PMEC from adenosqumous carcinoma. Methods: Twenty-four cases of PMEC and 44 adenosqumous carcinoma diagnosed in the Guangdong General Hospital were tested for MAML2 translocation by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) using tissue array. An IHC panel including TTF1, Napsin A, CK5/6, p63, p40 and Ki-67 was performed on the cohort. The clinical data for all cases were collected and all PMEC patients had follow-up information. Results: The patients′ age ranged form 6 to 73 years, with a median age of 32 years. The male to female ratio was 1.4∶1.0. MAML2 translocation was found in 16/24 (66.7%) cases of PMEC whereas all 44 cases adenosqumous carcinoma were negative for translocation. All the cases of the PMEC were negative for TTF1 and Napsin A but positive for CK5/6, p63 and p40 in the intermediate cells and epidermal-like cells. In most PMEC cases, the Ki-67 expression index was lower than 10%. In contrast, most cases of adenosqumous carcinomas expressed TTF1 and Napsin A in the adenomatous component and CK5/6, p63 and p40 in the squamous component, which expression pattern was different from that of PMEC. Based on IHC staining, 2 cases of highly invasive ALK-positive adenocarcinoma mimicing PMEC were also found in the study. Conclusions MAML2 gene translocation can be detected in about two-third of PMEC. Translocation of MAML2 gene and lower morphology grading are associated with good prognosis. The combined use of IHC antibodies panel is helpful to distinguish PMEC from the adenosqumous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma mimicing PMEC.

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy at recovery stage. Methods From January, 2014 to December, 2016, the general data, rehabilitation evaluation, main problems, rehabilitation methods and the functional scores from 28 patients with ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy were retrospectively analyzed.Results The patients improved in the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination, motor function and balance of Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Holden Gait Classification and modified Barthel Index after rehabilitation (Z>2.588, P<0.05).Conclusion The patients with ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy may be benefited from comprehensive rehabilitation in cognition, motor function, walking and activities of daily living, etc.

Objective: To evaluate the application of FISH testing of bcl-2/IgH gene translocation and IgH/L gene rearrangement in different stages of follicular lymphoma. Methods: In 32 follicular lymphoma cases, which were collected at Guangdong General Hospital from September 2014 to December 2016, the bcl-2/IgH gene ectopic state was detected by FISH while the IgH/L gene rearrangement was tested using PCR-GeneScan to analyze the relationship between bcl-2/IgH gene translocation, different stages of follicular lymphoma and clonal immunoglobulin (IgH/L) gene rearrangements. Results: From the paraffin sections of all 32 follicular lymphomas, 17 cases showed bcl-2/IgH gene translocation, and the percentages of FL1, FL2 and FL3 translocation were 12/13, 3/5 and 2/14, respectively. Among the 24 cases of IgH/L gene arrangements identified from the total sample, the occurrence rates of FL1, FL2 and FL3 gene arrangement were 7/13, 4/5 and 13/14, respectively. Spearman′s rank correlation analysis and χ² analysis showed that bcl-2/IgH gene translocation was negatively correlated with follicular lymphoma stage and the association was statistically significant. In more advanced stages of follicular lymphoma, the occurrence of bcl-2/IgH gene translocation tended to decrease with distinct FL1, FL2 and Fl3 gene expression (P<0.05). As IgH/L gene rearrangement in FL3 was higher than that in FL1 and FL2, its detection may be complimentary to FISH test for bcl-2/IgH gene translocation in diagnosing follicular lymphoma. Conclusions The combined use of FISH and PCR-GeneScan increases the positive rate of follicular lymphoma diagnosis, and this combination is more sensitive than FISH or clonal analysis only to detect the chromosomal abnormality or the gene rearrangement.

This article showed the work pattern of rehabilitation assessment, and made assessment of a patient who suffered from bilat-eral hemiplegia and pseudobulbar paralysis caused by multiple cerebral apoplexy. Finally, the special characteristics of rehabilitation treat-ment for a patient with bilateral paralysis were summarized.

Objective To observe the effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on gait of stroke hemiplegic patients. Methods From April, 2014 to April, 2015, eleven stroke hemiplegic patients were divided into RAS group (n=6) and control group (n=5) randomly. Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation, and the RAS group accepted RAS walking exercise, while the control group accepted verbal in-structed walking exercise. They were tested with Brunnstrom's Stage and gait analysis before and three weeks after training. Results There was no significant increase in Brunnstrom's Stage (Z<1.414, P>0.05) in both groups after training. The RAS group increased in stride length, velocity and cadence (t>4.829, P<0.01) after training, and improved in temporal symmetry (t=3.323, P<0.05), while there was no significant change in all of the indices in the control group (t<1.765, P>0.05). Conclusion Walking exercise under RAS facilitates to improve gait in stroke hemiplegic patients.