AIM: To investigate the effects of 0.01% atropine eye drops on macular blood flow density and retinal thickness in children with different degrees of myopia. METHODS: This was a prospective case-control study. Sixty-four patients (112 eyes) diagnosed with myopia for the first time with 0.01% atropine eye drops before and 6 months after medication were investigated with the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknes (mGCIPL) using slit lamp examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT), vascular density in the macular area and the area of the avascular in the fovea using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) . Changes in various indicators before and after medication were compared. RESULTS: Compared with before medication, the AL of the three groups of myopia patients increased significantly (P<0.01), the difference in low to moderate myopia group was significantly smaller than that in high myopia group. Compared with before medication, SE increased in all three groups of myopia patients, yet there was no statistically significant difference in the low - grade myopia group (P>0.05). The difference was statistically significant between the moderate myopia group and the high myopia group (P< 0.01). Compared with before medication, there was no change in intraocular pressure (IOP) among the three groups of myopic patients (P>0.05). After 6 months of medication, the central circle macular vessel density (cCVD) increased in the low myopia group and moderate myopia group (P<0.01), there was no statistically significant difference in the high myopia group (P>0.05). Before and after medication, there was no significant difference in outer circle macular vessel density (oCVD), inner circle macular vessel density (iCVD), and whole circle macular vessel density (wCVD) among the three myopia groups (P>0.05). The increase in mGCIPL was statistically significant in the low myopia group (P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in the moderate myopia and high myopia groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) among the three myopia groups before and after medication (P>0.05). There was no correlation between CVD, AL, and SE in the three myopia groups (P>0.01). There was a low correlation between CVD and mGCIPL in the low myopia group (r=0.442, P<0.05), there was no correlation between CVD and mGCIPL in the moderate myopia and high myopia groups (P >0.01). CONCLUSION: 0.01% atropine can significantly reduce the rate of axial and refractive growth in children with low to moderate myopia, increase the density of central macular vessels, and increase the thickness of mGCIPL in children with low to moderate myopia.

Background Mercury, as a global heavy metal pollutant, poses a serious threat to human health. The toxicity of mercury depends on its chemical form. Distinguishing the forms of mercury in the environment is of great significance for mercury management and reducing human mercury exposure risks. Objective To establish a non-targeted metallomics method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) spectroscopy combined with machine learning to screen inorganic mercury (IHg) or methylmercury (MeHg) exposed rice plants. Methods Rice seeds were exposed to ultra-pure water (control group), 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ IHg (IHg group) or MeHg (MeHg group) solutions, respectively. After germination, the seedlings were cultured for 21 d, and rice leaves were collected, dried, weighed, and pressed. The content of metallome in rice leaves was determined by SRXRF. Machine learning models including soft independent modeling cluster analysis (SIMCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and logistic regression (LR) were used to classify the SRXRF full spectra of different groups and find the best model to distinguish rice exposed to IHg or MeHg. Besides, characteristic elements were selected as input parameters to optimize the model by improving computing speed and reducing model calculation. Results The SRXRF spectral intensities of the control group, IHg group, and MeHg group were different, indicating that exposure to IHg and MeHg can interfere the homeostasis of metallome in rice leaves. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) of SRXRF spectra showed that the control group could be well distinguished from the mercury exposed groups, but the IHg group and the MeHg group were mostly overlapped. The accuracy rates of the three models (PLS-DA, SIMCA, and LR) were higher than 98% for the training set, higher than 95% for the validation set, and higher than 94% for the cross-validation set. Besides, the accuracy of the LR model was higher than that of the PLS-DA model and the SIMCA model. Furthermore, the accuracy was 92.05% when using characteristic elements K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn selected by LR to distinguish the IHg group and the MeHg group. Compared with the full spectra model, although the prediction accuracy of the characteristic spectral model decreased, the input parameters of the model decreased by 99.51%, and precision, recall, and F1 score were above 84.48%, indicating that the model could distinguish rice exposed to different mercury forms. Conclusion Non-targeted metallomics method based on SRXRF and machine learning can be applied for high-throughput screening of rice exposed to different forms of mercury and thus decrease the risks of people being exposed to mercury.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and pathological data of 34 newly diagnosed PTL patients admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital from September 2010 to February 2023. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis, and the Cox regression model was applied for univariate analysis of prognostic factors.Results:All 34 PTL patients presented with cervical mass as the initial clinical manifestation. There were 9 males and 25 females. The pathological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in 29 patients and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in 5 patients. Among the DLBCL patients, 6 had B symptoms, 17 had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of ≥2, the Ann Arbor staging was stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 21 cases and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ in 8 cases, the tumor diameter was ≥10 cm in 4 cases, and 14 had concurrent Hashimoto thyroiditis; 27 cases received chemotherapy, with 21 cases achieving complete remission (CR), 2 cases partial remission (PR), and 6 cases of disease progression; the 5-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 78.9% and 77.4%, respectively; univariate survival analysis showed that B symptoms, tumor diameter ≥10 cm, and Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ were significant factors affecting patient prognosis ( P<0.05). MALT lymphoma patients were all in stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ, had an ECOG score of 0-1, and were without B symptoms. All patients underwent surgical resection, with 4 cases achieving CR and 1 case PR. Conclusion:PTL is more common in females with concurrent Hashimoto thyroiditis, with the majority of pathological types being B-cell lymphoma. The main treatment is chemotherapy, supplemented by radiotherapy and surgery, and the prognosis is relatively favorable.

Objective To investigate the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19 in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and its correlation with intestinal flora characteristics and β-glucuronidase (β-GD) activity. Methods Seventy-five neonates with hyperbilirubinemia in Daqing Longnan Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the observation group and 45 neonates with non-hyperbilirubinemia during the same period were selected as the control group.Serum FGF19,total bilirubin and total bile acid levels,intesti-nal flora characteristics and β-GD activity were compared between the two groups.The correlation between FGF19,intestinal flora and β-GD activity with serum total bilirubin level and total bile acid (TBA) level in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia and the correlation between FGF19 with the intestinal flora characteristics and β-GD activity were analyzed by the Pearson method.Results The serum FGF19 level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,the total bilirubin and TBA levels and β-GD activity were higher,the number of bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were much less,the number of Escherichia coli was more,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The FGF19 level and number of bifidobac-terium and Lactobacillus in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were negatively correlated with the levels of se-rum total bilirubin and TBA levels,while the number of Escherichia coli and β-GD activity were positively cor-related with the levels of serum total bilirubin and TBA (P<0.05).FGF19 in hyperbilirubinemia neonates was positively correlated with the number of bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,and negatively correlated with Escherichia coli and β-GD activity (P<0.05).Conclusion The serum FGF19 in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia is abnormally low expressed,moreover which is related to intestinal flora disturbance and β-GD activity.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of monitoring the baseline of motor evoked potentials immediately following tracheal intubation without the administration of muscle relaxants in lumbar spine surgery.Methods A prospective study was conducted at Xuzhou Central Hospital,involving a total of 156 patients who were scheduled for Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.These patients were randomly divided into two groups:a control group consisting of 72 cases(33 males and 39 females)and an observation group consisting of 75 cases(37 males and 38 females).The control group underwent monitoring of motor evoked potentials(TceMEP)baseline after spinal exposure during the operation,while the observation group had immediate monitoring of TceMEP baseline after tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants.Hemodynamic changes,intubation satisfaction,and operation time during tracheal intubation were compared between the two patient groups.Additionally,the baseline success rate,stimulation threshold,sensitivity,and specificity of TceMEP were compared between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in hemodynamic changes and intubation satisfaction between the two patient groups during tracheal intubation(P＞0.05).The control group had an intubation time of(6.52±1.22)min,while the observation group had a significantly longer intubation time of(9.44±0.84)min(P＜0.05).The baseline success rate of TceMEP in the observation group was 100%,with an average stimulation threshold of(225.00±22.13).In contrast,the control group had a baseline success rate of 84.72%and an average stimulation threshold of(342.01±31.07)V for TceMEP monitoring prior to nailing procedures.The success rate of monitoring TceMEP after nailing in the control group was 93.06%,whereas it reached 100%in the observation group,demonstrating a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in sensitiv-ity and specificity between the two groups for TceMEP monitoring results(P＞0.05).Conclusions The success rate of monitoring TceMEP baseline immediately after tracheal intubation without muscle relaxation is higher,with a smaller stimulation threshold.There were no differences in sensitivity and specificity compared to the baseline moni-toring of TceMEP after spinal exposure during the operation.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of urine proteomics in interstitial lung disease.Methods:A case control study was conducted. 10 patients (age 56.70±14.78 years) with interstitial lung disease, 9 patients (age 51.30±23.26 years) with pulmonary infection and 10 healthy controls (age 50.20±6.07 years) from the physical examination center were selected from China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March 12 to April 15, 2023. The urine proteomics of three groups of people were studied using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomics technology. Based on Data-Independent Acquisition mass spectrometry quantitative technology, three groups of people were compared, and t-test was performed between groups and relevant functional analysis was conducted.Results:A total of 2 730 proteins were identified. Three groups of people can be clearly distinguished by urine proteome using partial least squares discriminant analysis based on orthogonal signal correction. Quantitative comparison of proteins was conducted by the screening criteria for differential proteins with P<0.05 and protein abundance fold changes of>3/2 or<2/3. 49 proteins between interstitial lung disease patients and healthy people, as well as 57 proteins between interstitial lung disease patients and infectious diseases patients, were significantly changed. ECM receptor interaction and complement-coagulation cascade pathways were enriched by GO enrichment and KEGG analysis on differentially expressed proteins. Conclusions:Urinary proteomics can effectively distinguish patients with interstitial lung disease from those with pulmonary infections and the normal population. The differential proteins identified in this experiment have certain diagnostic performance (AUC value 0.68-1.00) and can be used as potential disease markers for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.

Objective:To explore the antipyretic effect and partial mechanism of the pushing Tianheshui manipulation on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced fever in young New Zealand rabbits. Methods:Thirty 50-day-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups,including a normal group,a model group,a Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)group,a Tuina control group,and a drug group,with 6 rabbits in each group.All groups except for the normal group received LPS injections through the marginal ear vein to induce fever.One hour post-modeling,the Tuina and Tuina control groups received pushing Tianheshui manipulation and pushing manipulation on the medial middle of the hind limbs,respectively,administered every hour for a total of 3 interventions.The drug group was given acetaminophen oral liquid via gavage.Anal temperature was recorded every 30 min for 4.0 h to monitor temperature changes among groups.At 4.0 h post-modeling,hypothalamus samples from each group were analyzed using Western blotting(WB)and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)to measure the relative expression levels of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(α-MSH),melanocortin 4 receptor(MC4R),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),protein kinase A(PKA),nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65),and interleukin(IL)-1β proteins and their mRNAs. Results:Compared to the model group,the Tuina group showed a significant reduction in the anal temperature from 3.5 h to 4.0 h post-modeling(P<0.05).The Tuina control group did not show a significant temperature reduction from 0.5 h to 4.0 h post-modeling(P>0.05).The drug group exhibited a significant temperature reduction from 1.5 h to 4.0 h post-modeling(P<0.05).At 4.0 h post-modeling,compared to the model group,the Tuina group showed significantly increased relative expression of α-MSH and MC4R proteins and mRNAs(P<0.05)and significantly decreased relative expression of cAMP,PKA,NF-κB p65,and IL-1β proteins and mRNAs in the hypothalamus tissue(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in these parameters in the Tuina control group compared to the model group(P>0.05). Conclusion:Pushing Tianheshui manipulation demonstrated a significant antipyretic effect,potentially linked to point specificity.Its mechanism may involve the α-MSH-mediated cAMP/PKA/NF-κB pathway.

[Objective]To investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture combined with 0.01%atropine eye drops on macular vascular density and retinal thickness in children with low myopia.[Methods]A total of 84 children(156 eyes)newly diagnosed as low myopia were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group received traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture combined with 0.01%atropine eye drops,while the control group was treated with 0.01%atropine eye drops alone.Ophthalmic examinations were performed before and after six months of treatment,including uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCVA),axial length(AL),spherical equivalent(SE),and slit-lamp examination.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used in routine mode to measure macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(mGCIPL)thickness,and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)was employed to measure macular vascular density and the area of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ).Changes in various indicators before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.[Results]After six months of treatment,both groups showed significant increases in AL and SE compared with that before treatment(P<0.01).The differences in AL and SE were significantly smaller in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).No significant changes in intraocular pressure(IOP)were observed in either group before and after treatment(P>0.05).Compared to before treatment,both groups exhibited significant increases in mGCIPL thickness(P<0.01,P<0.05).Central circle macular vessel density(cCVD)increased in the experimental group(P<0.01),while there was no significant changes in outer circle macular vessel density(oCVD),inner circle macular vessel density(iCVD),whole circle macular vessel density(wCVD)or FAZ(P>0.05).After six months of treatment,no correlation was found between cCVD and AL or SE in the experimental group(P>0.05),but cCVD was positively correlated with mGCIPL thickness(r=0.448,P<0.05).[Conclusion]Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture combined with 0.01%atropine eye drops can further reduce the growth rate of AL and diopter in children with low myopia.Additionally,this combined treatment increases cCVD and mGCIPL thickness in these children.

To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qingwen Baiduyin on acute lung injury （ALI） in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. MethodA total of 144 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following groups： a normal group， a model group （LPS， 5 mg·kg^-1）， a dexamethasone group （5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose Qingwen Baiduyin groups （14.105， 28.21， 56.42 g·kg^-1）. The mice were treated once daily for 5 days. One hour after the final administration， the ALI model was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS， and samples were collected at 6 h and 24 h after modeling. The arterial blood gas index of mice was analyzed. The total protein content， total cell count， Evans blue dye （EBD） content， and lung tissue wet-to-dry weight ratio （W/D） of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to assess the pathological changes in mouse lung tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins in the Janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/interferon regulatory factor 1 （JAK1/STAT1/IRF1） signaling pathway in lung tissue. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed reduced arterial oxygen pressure （pO₂）， oxygen saturation （SO₂）， and lung tissue W/D （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased carbon dioxide pressure （pCO₂）， total protein content， total cell count， EBD content， interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， chemokine CXC ligand 1 （CXCL1）， chemokine CXC ligand 2 （CXCL2）， chemokine CXC ligand 9 （CXCL9）， and chemokine CXC ligand 10 （CXCL10） content （P<0.05， P<0.01）， thickening of the alveolar walls， fusion of alveolar cavities， and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue， increased proportion of M1 macrophage polarization and lung cell apoptosis （P<0.05）， and increased protein expression levels of JAK1， phosphorylated JAK1 （p-JAK1）， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）， STAT1， phosphorylated STAT1 （p-STAT1）， IRF1， gasdermin D （GSDMD）， and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein （MLKL） （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Qingwen Baiduyin significantly increased pO₂， SO₂， and lung tissue W/D （P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved the pathological changes in lung tissue， and reduced pCO₂， total protein content， total cell count， EBD content， IFN-γ， TNF-α， IL-1β， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL9， and CXCL10 content， proportion of M1 macrophage polarization， and protein expression levels of JAK1， p-JAK1， iNOS， STAT1， p-STAT1， IRF1， GSDMD， and MLKL （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQingwen Baiduyin can improve the lung inflammatory response and reduce lung cell apoptosis in mice with ALI by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT1/IRF1 signaling pathway， thereby exerting a lung-protective effect.

Objective:To investigate clinical manifestations, pathological features and diagnosis of eczematoid clear cell acanthoma of the nipple/areola.Methods:The clinical manifestations, histopathological features, special staining results and immunohistochemical features of a case of eczemtoid clear cell acanthoma of the nipple/areola firstly reported in China were analyzed, and compared with those of similar cases in foreign literature.Results:The female patient presented with recurrent pruritic rashes on the left nipple and areola for over 2 years. Skin examination showed hypertrophic skin on the left nipple and areola, and scattered erythema, hypopigmented macules and hyperpigmented macules on the areola, which were covered with a few crusts and scales. Histopathological examination of the skin lesions showed focal epidermal crusts and scales, focal parakeratosis, extended and fused rete ridges, thickened spinous layer, focal spongiosis, clear cell clumps in the spinous cell layer, telangiectasia in the superficial dermis, with infiltration of a few eosinophils and neutrophils. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed positive results, and immunohistochemical staining revealed positive reaction for epithelial membrane antigen. Topical treatment with triamcinolone acetonide and econazole cream was effective, and topical application of 3% boric acid solution could alleviate exudation. During the 6-month follow-up, the patient experienced intermittent recurrence twice, and responded well to the above treatment.Conclusions:Eczematoid clear cell acanthoma of the nipple/areola has unique clinical and pathological features, revealing that it′s a new subtype of clear cell acanthoma. Pathological examination is the gold standard for its diagnosis.