Objective To study the effect of different types of renal puncture needles on the risk of bleeding after renal puncture.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 428 patients who under-went renal biopsy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Jiulongpo District People's Hospital of Chongqing from January 2020 to December 2022.Different types of puncture needles were used to compare the occurrence of postoperative bleeding complications(hematoma,hematuria).Results The incidence of bleeding complications after renal puncture in 428 patients was 21.0％(90/428),of which the incidence of hematoma was 18.9％(81/428),the incidence of hematuria was 2.1％(9/428),the median decrease in hemoglobin(Hb)was 5 g/L,and the incidence of serious complications such as blood transfusion and interventional therapy was 0.7％(4/428).The patients with different types of renal puncture needles were grouped(16G group,18G group).There was no significant difference in baseline data and distri-bution of renal pathological types between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of postoperative bleeding in 16G group and 18G group was 22.4％(52/232)and 19.4％(38/196),respectively.The incidence of hema-toma was 20.6％(48/232)and 16.8％(33/196),respectively.The incidence of hematuria was 1.7％(4/232)and 2.6％(5/196),respectively.The decrease of Hb was 6(0,16)g/L and 4(0,17)g/L,respectively.There was no significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of serious compli-cations such as blood transfusion,interventional therapy and Hb decrease＞10 g/L between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is safe and has a low incidence of serious complica-tions.There was no significant relationship between different puncture needle types and postoperative bleeding risk.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of self-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (SCH) gel on endometrium recovery after artificial abortion.Methods:A multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted across 18 hospitals from December 2021 to February 2023, involving 382 women who underwent artificial abortion. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either treatment with SCH gel (SCH group) or no treatment (control group) in a 1∶1 ratio. The primary outcome was endometrium thickness in 14 to 18 days after the first postoperative menstruation. Secondary outcomes included changes in menstrual volume during the first postoperative menstruation, menstruation resumption within 6 postoperative weeks, time to menstruation resumption, duration of the first postoperative menstruation, and incidence of dysmenorrhea.Results:Baseline characteristics of participants were comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05), with 95.3% (182/191) in SCH group and 92.7% (177/191) in the control group completed the study. The postoperative endometrial thickness in SCH group was significantly greater than that in the control group [(9.78±3.15) vs (8.95±2.32) mm; P=0.005]. SCH group also had significantly fewer participants with reduced menstrual volume [23 cases (12.6%, 23/182) vs 31 cases (17.5%, 31/177); P=0.038]. Although SCH group experienced less dysmenorrhea during the first postoperative menstrual period, this difference was not statistically significant [28.5% (51/179) vs 37.1% (65/175); P=0.083]. Outcomes were similar between SCH group and the control group regarding the proportion of participants who resumed menstruation within 6 weeks postoperatively, time to menstruation resumption, and duration of the first postoperative menstruation ( P=0.792, 0.485, and 0.254, respectively). No serious adverse events were observed during the study period, and no adverse events were attributed to SCH gel treatment. Conclusion:The application of SCH gel after artificial abortion is safe and might aid in the recovery of the endometrium.

As an essential trace element in living organisms, copper is actively involved in normal physiological processes in various systems and is maintained at low level to achieve copper homeostasis. Copper homeostasis, once being disrupted, would induce cell death, and this new form of cell death is known as copper death. In recent years, copper death has been increasingly recognized as an important factor mediating the onset and progression of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Therefore, we review the pathogenic mechanism of copper death in CNS diseases, as well as its therapeutic strategies so as to deepen the understanding of researchers.

Objective: To identify the epidemiological characteristics of the common diarrhea-related virusesof children under 5 years of age in Chengdu area, and provide the objective evidences for prevention and control of diarrhea. Methods: Fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis between March 2006 and June 2015 were sent to Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) of Sichuan province for detection of viral RNA. Clinical data were also documented. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and/or Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were used to detect and classify rotavirus, human calicivirus, adenovirus and astrovirus. Results: A total of 2 331 fecal specimens from children (1 446 male and 885 female) under 5 were collected. 1 351 were identified as having viral gastroenteritis with the overall positive rate of 58.0%. Children at the age from 7 to 12 months were the susceptible population. Rotavirus was detected in 659 specimens (28.3%) with epidemic time from November to December. Human calicivirus was detected in 542 specimens (23.3%) and September was its epidemic time. Norovirus GII was the main strain of the virus, but no outbreak was observed in our study. Prevalence of rotavirus declined after 2007, while the detection rate of calicivirus was increasing, which led it to be one of the primary pathogens related to viral gastroenteritis in children under 5. Astrovirus was detected in only 35 patients (1.5%) mainly identified from January to March. Adenovirus was detected in 118 patients (5.1%) mainly from May to August with limited epidemic in 2011. Most patients had acute progress(91.2%), none have chronic progress. Mild dehydration was the most common symptom among all the children, followed by moderate dehydration, while none of the patient had severe symptom. Digestive symptoms are usually accompanied by extra-intestinal symptoms in both virus infection. However, extra-intestinal symptoms had higher incidences in rotavirus infection than in calicivirus infection, while the patients with these symptoms recovered during the follow-up period. Conclusions Virus infection is the common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5. Rotavirus and human calicivirus were the leading pathogens in Chengdu area.

Objective To identify the epidemiological characteristics of the common diarrhearelated virusesof children under 5 years of age in Chengdu area,and provide the objective evidences for prevention and control of diarrhea.Methods Fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis between March 2006 and June 2015 were sent to Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of Sichuan province for detection of viral RNA.Clinical data were also documented.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and/or Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were used to detect and classify rotavirus,human calicivirus,adenovirus and astrovirus.Results A total of 2 331 fecal specimens from children (1 446 male and 885 female) under 5 were collected.1 351 were identified as having viral gastroenteritis with the overall positive rate of 58.0％.Children at the age from 7 to 12 months were the susceptible population.Rotavirus was detected in 659 specimens (28.3％) with epidemic time from November to December.Human calicivirus was detected in 542 specimens (23.3％) and September was its epidemic time.Norovirus GII was the main strain of the virus,but no outbreak was observed in our study.Prevalence of rotavirus declined after 2007,while the detection rate of calicivirus was increasing,which led it to be one of the primary pathogens related to viral gastroenteritis in children under 5.Astrovirus was detected in only 35 patients (1.5％) mainly identified from January to March.Adenovirus was detected in 118 patients (5.1％) mainly from May to August with limited epidemic in 2011.Most patients had acute progress(91.2％),none have chronic progress.Mild dehydration was the most common symptom among all the children,followed by moderate dehydration,while none of the patient had severe symptom.Digestive symptoms are usually accompanied by extra-intestinal symptoms in both virus infection.However,extraintestinal symptoms had higher incidences in rotavirus infection than in calicivirus infection,while the patients with these symptoms recovered during the follow-up period.Conclusions Virus infection is the common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5.Rotavirus and human calicivirus were the leading pathogens in Chengdu area.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of diagnosis of cervical insufficiency and different management on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsFrom June 2004 to May 2010, a retrospective analysis was carried out on 554 patients with cervical insufficiency in nine hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. The patients were divided into two groups, the cervical cerclage surgical treatment group (surgical group,n=357) and the expectant treatment group (n=197). These patients were then re-diagnosed according to the unified diagnostic criteria by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2014), and divided into the definite diagnosis group (n=425) and the indefinite diagnosis group (n=129). The two independent samplest-test andChi-square test were used to compare pregnancy outcomes between the definite and indefinite diagnosis groups, and the different treatment groups.ResultsThe full-term delivery rate in the surgical group was significantly higher than that in the expectant treatment group [40.3% (144/357) vs 23.4% (46/197),χ2=16.254, P=0.000], and the late abortion rate was lower in the surgical group than in the expectant treatment group [22.4%(80/357) vs 40.1% (79/197),χ2=19.419,P=0.000]. In women with a definite diagnosis of cervical insufficiency, full-term delivery rate [44.7% (117/262) vs 20.9% (34/163),χ2=24.844,P=0.000], and newborn body weight were significantly higher in the surgical group [(2 664.3±762.2) vs (2 416.9±845.0) g,t=1.160,P=0.014] than in the expectant treatment group and the late abortion rate was significantly lower [21.4% (56/262) vs 41.1% (67/163),χ2=19.021,P=0.000]. Cervical cerclage in the indefinite diagnosis group did not resulted in raising the full-term delivery rate [28.4% (27/95) vs 35.3% (12/34),χ2=0.561], preterm delivery rate [46.3%(44/95) vs 29.4% (10/34),χ2=2.940], late abortion rate [25.3% (24/95) vs 35.3% (12/34),χ2=1.252] and newborn body weight [(2 526.5±761.8) vs (2 683.4±725.8) g,t=0.004] compared with expectant treatment group (allP>0.05). Pregnancy outcomes in the surgical treatment group in relation to twin pregnancies were not significantly different in the≥28 weeks delivery rate [81.4% (37/46) vs 69.2% (18/26),χ2=1.156], late abortion rate [19.6% (9/46) vs 30.8% (8/26),χ2=1.156] and newborn birth weight [(2 003.2±621.0) vs (1 807.5±609.4) g, t=0.057] compared with those in the expectant treatment group (allP>0.05).ConclusionsIn accordance with the diagnostic criteria for cervical insufficiency and indications for cervical cerclage in surgical cases, cervical cerclage can effectively improve pregnancy outcome. But cervical cerclage is not recommended in twin pregnancies with cervical insufficiency.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PGN-sa) on raw264.7 cells differentiating into osteoclasts.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of osteoclast differentiation induced by staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA-sa). Methods Raw264.7 cells were treated with LTA-sa in a concentration of 200 ng/mL for 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 min and 0, 1, 2, 3 days respectively, and the proteins in signaling pathways associated with osteoclast differentiation were measured with western blot. In addition, Raw264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of LTA-sa (100, 200 and 400 ng/mL) and PBS for 0, 1, 2, 3 days, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 was detected with Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (1)Western blot showed that, under stimulation of LTA-sa, IκB-α decreased at 5 min and 10 min, while the phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB increased at 10 min . In addition , NFATc1 increased in 2 and 3 days gradually. The above results were statistically analyzed, and the difference was significant in statistics (P < 0.001). (2)ELISA showed that the expression of IL-6 increased in 2 and 3 days along with the increasing concentration and prolonging stimulation time of LTA-sa. Data were statistically analyzed, the difference was significant in statistics (P < 0.001). Conclusion LTA-sa promotes osteoclast differentiation through the NF-κB signaling pathway and the secretion of IL-6.

OBJECTIVETo apply single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray for delineation of small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in two newborns.

METHODChromosome karyotyping was performed on newborns who were born in Jan. 2013 and Jan. 2014 in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital because of the abnormalities found in pregnancy checkups. SNP microarray analysis was carried out on 2 newborns with de novo sSMCs (one was mos 47,XY, + mar[45]/46,XY[5] and the other was mos 47, XY, + mar [30]/46, XY [20]), which could not be determined by conventional banding techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from cord blood samples, amplified, tagged and hybridized following the manufacturer' s protocol. Data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTThere was a 78. 6 Mb duplication in chromosome 8 for Newborn A, which was associated with 8p22 duplication syndrome; and a 32. 7 Mb duplication in chromosome 13 for Newborn B, which was not yet reported definitely as pathogenic. The newborn A was identified with agenesis of the corpus callosum, obvious right eyelid drooping, the onset of low muscle tone and mental developmental lag behind their peers, while the newborn B had normal findings on physical and mental evaluation.

CONCLUSIONSNP-array can identify sSMCs of newborns at the DNA level, and can be used as an important supplement to the conventional karyotype analysis, but the pathogenicity of positive outputs need further verification.

Objective To evaluate the role of protein kinase Cα( PKCα)?nuclear factor E2?related factor 2 ( Nrf2)?heme oxygenase?1 ( HO?1) signaling pathway on endotoxic shock?induced acute lung injury ( ALI) in rabbits. Methods Thirty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits, aged 2 months, weighing 2?0-2?5 kg, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table: normal control group ( group C);ALI group ( group ALI);PKCα inhibitor chelerythrine group ( group CHE) . In group CHE, chelerythrine 8 mg∕kg ( in 0?5 ml of DMSO) was injected intraperitoneally, and 30 min later, LPS 5 mg∕kg ( in 2 ml of normal saline) was injected via the auricular vein to induce ALI in ALI and CHE groups. The rabbits were then sacrificed at 6 h after injection of LPS or normal saline, and the lungs were removed for examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of wet∕dry lung weight ratio ( W∕D ratio) , and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 protein and mRNA. Results Compared with group C, the pathological score and W∕D ratio were significantly increased, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 protein and mRNA was up?regulated in ALI and CHE groups. The pathological score and W∕D ratio were significantly higher, and the expression of Nrf2 and HO?1 protein and mRNA was lower in group CHE than in group ALI. Conclusion The PKCα?Nrf2?HO?1 signaling pathway is one of the endogenous protective mechanisms underlying endotoxic shock?induced ALI in rabbits.