Objective To analyze the current situation of dietary diversity and caregiver self-efficacy for complementary feeding among infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months in rural Nanchong city,Sichuan province,and to explore the relationship between dietary diversity and caregiver self-efficacy.Methods Multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method was used to select infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months and their caregivers in rural areas of Nanchong city,Sichuan province as the subjects.A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the basic information of the subjects,dietary diversity,and caregiver self-efficacy for comple-mentary feeding.Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the relationship between the dietary diver-sity and caregiver self-efficacy for complementary feeding of infants and young children.Results A total of 770 pairs of infants and young children and their caregivers were included.The minimum pass rate of dietary diversity was 61.56% (474/770)for all the infants and young children and 45.00% (108/240),69.16% (287/415),and 68.70% (79/115)for the infants and young children aged 6 to 11,12 to 17,and 18 to 23 months,respective-ly.The results of regression analysis showed that the caregiver self-efficacy of complementary feeding was a contributing fac-tor for qualified dietary diversity of infants and young children in the case of other confounders being controlled(OR = 1.42,95% CI=1.17-1.73,P<0.001).Conclusion The dietary diversity for infants and young children in rural Nan-chong city,Sichuan province needs to be improved,and caregivers with higher self-efficacy of complementary feeding are more likely to provide diversified complementary feeding for infants and young children.

Tumor cells use several metabolic pathways to support bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of proliferation. In addition to glucose, glutamine is an important source of precursor substances and energy for cancer cell growth. Glutaminase (GSL) activity is associated with Ras, c-Myc, and other oncogenes, as well as Rho GTP enzyme. Many preclinical studies have confirmed that glutamin-ase inhibitors not only exhibit anti-tumor activity, but can also remarkably enhance the sensitivity of resistant cancer cells to targeted drugs. At present, the novel GSL inhibitor CB-839 has entered phase I clinical trials and is expected to become a new drug for cancer treatment. This paper reviews the research progress on this novel glutaminase inhibitor and its antitumor activity.

Chitosan and its derivatives with good characteristics such as non-toxicity,good biocompatibility and degradability,mu-cosal adhesion and permeability promotion etc,have been widely researched and applied in the field of drug carriers. Based on the re-cently published papers at home and abroad,the application and action mechanism of chitosan and its derivatives as drug carriers were analyzed and discussed,and the application and research progress of chitosan and its derivatives as anti-tumor drug targeting carriers, sustained-release and controlled-release drug carriers,ophthalmic drug carriers,gene carriers and gel bases were reviewed.

With the continuous use of immunosuppressive agents routinely, the long-term survival rate of organ transplant recipients has been incessantly improved. However, the risk of de novo malignancies is also increasing, which has become the second cause of death after organ transplantation. De novo gastrointestinal malignancies are common after liver or kidney transplantation, mostly with advanced stage when diagnosed and poor prognosis. There is a significant trend in the development of de novo malignancies in transplant recipients, which is probably related to factors, including direct or indirect effects of immunosuppressive agents, precancerosis and survival time of transplanted grafts and recipients. Long-term postoperative use of immunosuppressive agents can keep the recipient's immune system in the inhibitory state, which provides the conditions for tumor cells to escape immune surveillance and to proliferate. In addition, some immunosuppressive agents [such as calcium phosphatase inhibitor (CNI)] are carcinogenic and the use of anti-tumor combined with immunosuppressive drugs can be considered [such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR) inhibitors]. De novo gastrointestinal malignancy has no specific clinical manifestations. It is suggested that the recipients need to strictly comply with the follow-up time, avoid exposure to carcinogens, treat the precancerosis positively and have a medical examination carefully. At present, there are no literatures and guidelines about a standard treatment for de novo gastrointestinal malignancies after transplantation. The primary treatment of de novo malignancies should be adjusting the dosage of immunosuppressive agents to ensure that their minimum dose can effectively maintain the graft function. For patients with stable postoperative organ function and without acute or chronic rejection, the dosage of immunosuppressive agents can be reduced gradually to avoid an excessive immunosuppressive effect. Thereafter, the incidence of de novo malignancies is reduced to a minimum. Minimization of using CNI as soon as possible after transplantation has been widely recognized, and CNI plus mTOR inhibitor or MMF has become a relatively reasonable method.

Objective:To optimize the extraction technology of tetrahydropalmatine in Corydalis yanhusuo. Methods:An L9 (34 ) orthogonal experiment was performed to investigate the effects of ethanol concentration, ethanol amount, extraction temperature and ex-traction time on the extraction results with the content of tetrahydropalmatine as the evaluation index. Results:The optimum conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1 :10 ( g·ml-1 ) , 60% ethanol was used as the extraction solvent, the extraction tempera-ture was at 80 ° C for three-time extraction, and the extraction duration for each time was 1 h. Conclusion: The optimized extraction technology for tetrahydropalmatine from Corydalis yanhusuo is stable, reasonable, feasible and easy-operated with low energy consump-tion, which can enhance the comprehensive utilization of Corydalis yanhusuo.

Primary dysmenorrheal is one of the most common diseases in gynecology,which seriously affects the physical and men-tal health of women, therefore, the effective prevention and treatment of primary dysmenorrheal is a problem in medical field. The etiol-ogy of primary dysmenorrheal is very complicated, and in recent years, there are more and more domestic and foreign scholars studying on its pathogenesis and treatment. Modern medicine has some shortcomings in the treatment of dysmenorrheal including side effects and so on. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal. Combined with the recent rele-vant reporters, the article reviewed the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrheal from both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medi-cine aspects, and the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine treatment of primary dysmenorrheal was also reviewed to provide better guidance for the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal.

Objective:To optimize the formula of film-forming materials for compound rhizoma corydalis plastics. Methods:Poly-vinyl alcohol 124 (PVA124) and bletilla striata gum were selected as the film-forming materials. The amounts of PVA 124, bletilla striata gum, glycerol and absolute ethanol were used as the influencing factors in an orthogonal test with the composite score of film-forming time and appearance as the indices to screen out the best composition of film-forming materials. Results:The best composition of film-forming materials was as follows:8 g PVA 124, 1 g bletilla striata gum, 2 ml glycerol and 15 ml ethanol. Conclusion:The op-timized film-forming materials can be used for the preparation of compound rhizoma corydalis plastics.

Objective: To optimize the extraction technology of Panax notoginseng and Scrophulariae radix from Rupixiao granule.Methods: With the dry extract rate and transfer rates of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and harpagoside as the comprehensive index, the orthogonal design was adopted to investigate the effects of the amount and concentration of ethanol, extracting duration and times on the extraction technology.The contents of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and harpagoside were determined by HPLC.Results: The optimal extraction technology was extracted twice with 8-fold amount of 60% ethanol with 2 h per time.The transfer rate of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 and harpagoside was (79.4%±1.56%), (42.62%±0.68%) and (44.89%±0.58%)(n=3), respectively.The dry extract rate was (20.99%±0.411%).Conclusion: The optimized extraction technology is stable and feasible, which can be used for extracting Panax notoginseng and Scrophulariae radix from Rupixiao granule.

Objective: To review the application of polymeric micelles as the vehicles in transdermal delivery systems.Methods: Based on the recently published papers, the researches of preparation, penetration mechanism, drug release and application of polymeric micelles in transdermal delivery systems were classified and summarized.Results: Polymeric micelles were extensively applied as drug vehicles due to the ability of solubilization and transdermal absorption enhancement.Conclusion: Polymeric micelles can be used as promising vehicles in transdermal delivery systems, which show a good application prospect.

Objective:To determine the inhibitory effect of Rupixiao ( RPX) granule on mammary gland hyperplasia ( HMG) in rabbits and explore the possible mechanism to provide reference for clinical medication. Methods:Rabbit model of mammary hyperpla-sia was established by estradiol benzoate and progesterone. Xiaoyao pills and tamoxifen were used as the positive control, and the RPX granule group was respectively at low, medium and high dose (0. 525,1. 05,2. 1 g·kg-1). Each group was with intragastric adminis-tration for 30 days. The levels of E2 , PROG, FSH, LH and PRL in serum and the expression of VEGF in the homogenate tissue were determined by an Elisa method. The breast tissue of rabbits in each group was withdrawn to observe the structure changes after Hema-toxylin-eosin staining ( HE) . Results:Ovarian preservation-benzoic acid, estradiol combined with progesterone could be used to estab-lish mammary gland hyperplasia in rabbits. RPX granule could significantly decrease the serum levels of E2 and PRL (P<0. 01)and increase that of PROG (P<0. 01 or P<0. 001). The results of pathological section showed that the breast structure in RPX granule high dose group could be restored to the level of the blank control group, which showed its therapeutic effect on HMG was better than that of tamoxifen and Xiaoyao pills. The expression of VEGF in each treatment group significantly decreased compared with that in the model group by the Elisa reagent (P<0. 001). Conclusion:RPX granule has good efficacy in HMG rabbits. The inhibitory effects of RPX granule on HMG in rabbits maybe related to the inhibition of VEGF in rabbit breast tissues, and the inhibition of RPX granule was similar to that of tamoxifen and Xiaoyao pills.