ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Shenge Bushen Capsules （SBC） on sexual development in normal 3-week-old mice. MethodsThe experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part， mice were divided into four groups： The control group and the low， medium， and high-dose SBC groups （234.7， 469.4， 938.7 mg·kg^-1， respectively）. In the second part， mice were divided into four groups： Control group， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide （PRP） group， total flavonoids group， and SBC group， all receiving a dose of 469.4 mg·kg^-1. After 7 days of administration， the vaginal opening of female mice and the descent of testes and scrotum in male mice， as well as the ovarian and testicular organ indices， were observed. After 4 weeks of administration， female and male mice were housed together for 2 days， and the pregnancy rate of females was monitored. After delivery， the pregnant female mice continued receiving the treatment for 4 weeks， and the sexual development of their offspring， including vaginal opening， testicular descent， and organ indices of ovaries and testes， was observed. Serum sex hormones were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） and growth hormone （GH） proteins in the hypothalamus was assessed by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， there was no significant effect on the vaginal opening of female mice or the descent of testes in male mice after 7 days of SBC administration. After 4 weeks of administration， the pregnancy rate in the low-dose group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）， but no significant effects were observed in the other groups. The three doses of SBC did not significantly affect the ovarian or testicular organ indices， and there was no significant upregulation in the expression of GnRH or GH in the hypothalamus. The primary component of SBC， Pseudostellariae Radix polysaccharide， significantly reduced the vaginal opening in female mice after 7 days of administration （P<0.05）. After 4 weeks， the serum estradiol levels of non-pregnant female mice were decreased （P<0.05）， but there was no significant effect on the expression of GnRH or GH proteins in the hypothalamus of either male or female mice. Additionally， there were no significant effects on precocious puberty indicators， such as vaginal opening and testicular descent， in the offspring mice. ConclusionSBC does not significantly promote precocious puberty in young mice， and it does not have any noticeable effects on the pregnancy rate of adult mice or the sexual development of their offspring.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence （AI） technology， the ethical governance of AI has gained increasing attention. The Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence was issued by the United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization in 2021， which clarified several principles for the ethical governance of AI. In the field of rehabilitation medicine， the research and application of AI technology have significantly improved patients’ quality of life and survival. However， due to the specificity of the service population in rehabilitation medicine， which is mostly for the sick， injured， disabled， and elderly， a series of complex ethical issues have also arisen. This paper analyzed in detail the ethical issues and challenges encountered in the research and application of AI technology in the field of rehabilitation medicine from various aspects， such as informed consent， security of privacy and data， patients’ physical and mental rehabilitation， compliance regulation， protection of specific groups， and promotion of equity. According to the principles of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and others， response strategies were proposed， including multi-party collaboration and interdisciplinary cooperation， improving and refining relevant laws and regulations， strengthening ethical education across society， establishing accountability mechanisms， increasing investment， promoting equity， and other measures， to promote the healthy development of research and application of AI technology in the field of rehabilitation， as well as benefit humanity.

AIM: To analyze the factors affecting non-contact intraocular pressure(IOPNCT)measurements after femtosecond laser-assisted small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE), explore the correlation of IOPNCT with central corneal thickness(CCT)and corneal curvature after SMILE, and construct the corresponding regression model which will provide scientific basis for clinical evaluation of the true IOP of patients after SMILE.METHODS: Data from a retrospective analysis of 107 myopic patients(206 eyes)who underwent SMILE and 107 myopic patients(201 eyes)received femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)surgery from June 2023 to May 2024 were examined. IOPNCT, CCT, and corneal curvature before surgery and at 1 and 3 mo were collected. The preoperative and postoperative IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of postoperative changes of IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature.RESULTS: There were significant differences in IOPNCT, CCT, and corneal curvature of both SMILE and FS-LASIK patients(all P<0.001), there was no significant difference between two groups and interaction effects(all P>0.05), and the IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature at 1 and 3 mo post-surgery were significantly lower than preoperative(all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between IOPNCT and CCT at 1 and 3 mo after SMILE(r=0.261, 0.267, all P<0.001), but no significant correlation with corneal curvature(all P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis of IOPNCT with CCT and corneal curvature at 1 mo after SMILE indicated that the regression equation was: Y=3.426+0.019X1-0.058X2(Y represents IOPNCT, X1 represents the CCT, and X2 represents the corneal curvature), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=7.654, P=0.001); the regression equation for 3 mo after surgery was: Y=2.056+0.020X1-0.038 X2(Y represents IOPNCT, X1 represents the CCT, and X2 represents the corneal curvature), with statistically significance in the equation(F=7.903, P<0.001). The regression equation of postoperative IOPNCT change(△IOPNCT)and intraoperative cutting corneal thickness(△CCT)and corneal curvature at 1 mo was Y=-2.252+0.008X1+0.587X2(Y represents △IOPNCT, X1 stands for the △CCT, X2 represents the corneal curvature change value), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=17.550, P<0.001); the regression equation for 3 mo after surgery was: Y=-2.168+0.024X1+0.281X2(Y represents △IOPNCT, X1 represents △CCT, X2 indicates the corneal curvature change values), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=16.030, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: After SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery, the IOPNCT value of patients was mainly affected by CCT compared with preoperative surgery, and the short-term use of hormone eye drops, fluorometholone, did not cause a significant increase in IOP; both the IOP correction formula at 1 and 3 mo postoperatively can be used clinically to evaluate and correct actual IOP in patients after SMILE.

AIM: To analyze the factors affecting non-contact intraocular pressure(IOPNCT)measurements after femtosecond laser-assisted small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE), explore the correlation of IOPNCT with central corneal thickness(CCT)and corneal curvature after SMILE, and construct the corresponding regression model which will provide scientific basis for clinical evaluation of the true IOP of patients after SMILE.METHODS: Data from a retrospective analysis of 107 myopic patients(206 eyes)who underwent SMILE and 107 myopic patients(201 eyes)received femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)surgery from June 2023 to May 2024 were examined. IOPNCT, CCT, and corneal curvature before surgery and at 1 and 3 mo were collected. The preoperative and postoperative IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of postoperative changes of IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature.RESULTS: There were significant differences in IOPNCT, CCT, and corneal curvature of both SMILE and FS-LASIK patients(all P<0.001), there was no significant difference between two groups and interaction effects(all P>0.05), and the IOPNCT, CCT and corneal curvature at 1 and 3 mo post-surgery were significantly lower than preoperative(all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between IOPNCT and CCT at 1 and 3 mo after SMILE(r=0.261, 0.267, all P<0.001), but no significant correlation with corneal curvature(all P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis of IOPNCT with CCT and corneal curvature at 1 mo after SMILE indicated that the regression equation was: Y=3.426+0.019X1-0.058X2(Y represents IOPNCT, X1 represents the CCT, and X2 represents the corneal curvature), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=7.654, P=0.001); the regression equation for 3 mo after surgery was: Y=2.056+0.020X1-0.038 X2(Y represents IOPNCT, X1 represents the CCT, and X2 represents the corneal curvature), with statistically significance in the equation(F=7.903, P<0.001). The regression equation of postoperative IOPNCT change(△IOPNCT)and intraoperative cutting corneal thickness(△CCT)and corneal curvature at 1 mo was Y=-2.252+0.008X1+0.587X2(Y represents △IOPNCT, X1 stands for the △CCT, X2 represents the corneal curvature change value), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=17.550, P<0.001); the regression equation for 3 mo after surgery was: Y=-2.168+0.024X1+0.281X2(Y represents △IOPNCT, X1 represents △CCT, X2 indicates the corneal curvature change values), with statistical significant difference in the equation(F=16.030, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: After SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery, the IOPNCT value of patients was mainly affected by CCT compared with preoperative surgery, and the short-term use of hormone eye drops, fluorometholone, did not cause a significant increase in IOP; both the IOP correction formula at 1 and 3 mo postoperatively can be used clinically to evaluate and correct actual IOP in patients after SMILE.

By analyzing the current application of multi-modal data in the diagnosis of gastric "inflammation-cancer" transformation， this study explored the feasibility and strategies for constructing a disease-syndrome integrated diagnosis and treatment system. Based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） phenomics， we proposed utilizing multi-modal data from literature research， cross-sectional studies， and cohort follow-ups， combined with artificial intelligence technology， to establish a multi-dimensional diagnostic and treatment index system. This approach aims to uncover the complex pathogenesis and transformation patterns of gastric "inflammation-cancer" progression. Additionally， by dynamically collecting TCM four-diagnostic information and modern medical diagnostic information through a long-term follow-up system， we developed three major modules including information extraction， multi-modal phenotypic modeling， and information output， to make it enable real-world clinical data-driven long-term follow-up and treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis. This system can provide technical support for clinical diagnosis， treatment evaluation， and research， while also offering insights and methods for intelligent TCM diagnosis.

In recent years, the incidence of myopia has been increasing alongside the growing global population, emerging as a significant public health challenge worldwide. Individuals with myopia exhibit an elongated axial length, which leads to various structural and functional ocular changes, resulting in the risk of related eye diseases and, in severe cases, blindness. Unfortunately, once myopia develops, it is irreversible. The only way to prevent or slow its progression is through appropriate treatment. The current focal point in myopia prevention and control is the peripheral myopic defocus theory. This paper summarizes the relevant research on defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS)lenses, following a systematic analysis of the literature. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of DIMS compared to other myopia control methods, and discusses the application prospects and future directions of defocus lenses represented by DIMS, aiming to provide reference and guidance for the control of myopia progression in children and adolescents.

[Objective] To explore the clinical features of IgG4-related urinary diseases so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. [Methods] The clinical data of 4 cases of IgG4-related urinary system diseases diagnosed and treated in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University during Aug.2019 and Dec.2023 were retrospectively collected.Here, we report on the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, analysing their symptoms, serology, imaging and pathology as well as their treatment and outcomes. [Results] The patients included 2 male and 2 female.The lesions were involved with the retroperitoneum and urinary system.Three patients had symptoms of lumbar pain.The imaging manifestations were complex, including retroperitoneal mass involving urinary system organs in 2 cases, tabdense shadow of the right kidney in 1 case, and simple cystic mass of kidney in 1 case.Serum IgG4 value was not detected before surgery.All patients underwent radical surgical treatment.Postoperative pathology showed fibrous tissue hyperplasia with a large number of plasma cells, lymphocytes, a few neutrophil infiltrates, and lymphoid follicles and obliterated vasculitis in some specimens.The number of IgG4⁺ plasma cells was more than 10 in all tissues under high power microscope.After surgery, 3 patients had symptoms improved, and serum IgG4 value was within the normal range; 1 patient (patem 3) had elevated IgG4 value during follow-up, received subsequent hormone therapy, and the serum IgG 4 level remained stable. [Conclusion] The symptoms of IgG4-related diseases involving the urinary system are non-specific, and the imaging findings are various, easily confused with other diseases.Early detection of serum IgG4 and biopsy pathology can help clinicians make correct diagnosis in the early stage.

To investigate the clinical features and peripheral blood immune cell subsets ofelderly (≥60 years old) onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) patients.

Background: Bone cancer pain (BCP) is not adequately addressed by current treatment methods, making the exploration of effective management strategies a topic of significant interest. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seem to be a potential way for managing BCP, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of this potential treatment. Methods: We established the male C57BL/6 mice BCP models. Behavioral tests, X-ray, bone histology, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to verify the analgesic effect of BMSCs. Results: Intramedullary injection of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the femur successfully generated the mice BCP models. The number of c-Fos-positive neurons and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins in the spinal dorsal horn of the BCP mice increased. Intrathecal injection of BMSCs temporarily improved the BCP mice’s mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to inhibiting spinal microglia and p-p38 MAPK activation. The analgesic effect of BMSCs may be related to the homing effect mediated by CXCR4. Conclusions Intrathecal injection of BMSCs can temporarily inhibit mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in BCP mice without affecting motor function. This effect may be related to the inhibition of p-p38 protein expression and the inhibition of microglia but not to p-ERK and p-JNK.

BACKGROUND:At present,the incidence of scoliosis is increasing year by year,especially in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Therefore,it is more and more important to strengthen the research on the treatment of adolescent scoliosis. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status,hotspots,emerging trends,and frontiers of global research on the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to provide reference and guidance for future related research. METHODS:The literature related to the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was retrieved on the Web of Science Core Collection(WOSCC)database from 2013 to 2023.CiteSpace 6.2.R1 software was used for visual analysis of countries,institutions,authors,and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A total of 561 English articles were included in this study.Among countries,institutions,and authors,the United States has contributed the most.Nanjing University and Qiu,Yong(Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing University School of Medicine)are the most published institution and author.The academic journal with the largest number of articles is the European Spine Journal.(2)In the analysis of cited literature,the top 10 most cited articles mainly describe the effects of surgical treatment and conservative treatment on improving adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,especially improving the curvature of patients.(3)Through the summary of highly cited articles and the keyword clustering,keyword prominence in-depth mining,the research hotspots are currently the relationship between Cobb angle and treatment choice,the therapeutic effect of exercise therapy and the therapeutic effect of posterior vertebral fusion.(4)The prognosis of patients with different curvatures has not been studied in depth,and the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has not been clarified,so the relationship between curvature and prognosis and the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may be a new research trend in the future.