Objective:To evaluate the effect of sleep deprivation on the expression of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in the cerebellum of immature mice.Methods:Fifty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 4 weeks, weighing 14-16 g, were divided into 2 groups ( n=25 each) using a random number table method: control group (Con group) and sleep deprivation group (SD group). The chronic sleep deprivation model was prepared by using the multi-platform water environment method, with 20 h of sleep deprivation per day for 10 consecutive days. After sleep deprivation, a balance beam experiment was performed to test the balance and coordination ability of mice. The mice were sacrificed after anesthesia and cerebellar lobular IV-VI (4-6 cb) tissues were taken for microscopic examination of the ultrastructure (with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of the dendritic spine density of cerebellar 4-6cb Purkinje neurons (by Golgi staining), co-expression of SIRT6 and Calbindin D-28k (CbD-28k) and expression of glucose transporter Glut3 of cerebellar 4-6cb (by immunofluorescence staining). Results:Compared with group Con, the duration of passage through the balance beam was significantly prolonged, and the number of posterior foot slips was increased, the synaptic gap of cerebellar 4-6cb neurons was increased, the thickness of postsynaptic density was increased, the density of dendritic spines of Purkinje cells and the number of positive cells co-expressing SIRT6 and CbD-28k were decreased, and the expression of Glut3 was down-regulated in group SD ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which sleep deprivation decreases the abilities of balance and coordination is related to down-regulating SIRT6 expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells and decreasing neuronal glucose metabolism, thus damaging the synaptic plasticity of cerebellum in immature mice.

In recent years, the management of heart failure (HF) (including drug therapy and non-drug therapy) has made many advances, but its prevalence and mortality are still high, and the long-term prognosis is poor.It is urgent to develop new therapeutic approaches and intervention targets and explore new drugs and methods to improve the prognosis.The characteristic transformation of myocardial energy metabolism is an important marker of HF development, closely related to the mechanism of myocardial energy deficiency in the failing heart.The imbalance of glucose and fatty acid availability in cardiomyocytes, metabolic conversion from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis of myocardial mitochondria, uncoupling between glycolysis and glucose oxidation pathway, and fetal gene reexpression all play important roles in myocardial dysfunction and HF development.Potential therapeutic methods to reduce the severity of HF include optimizing myocardial energy substrate metabolism, enhancing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism capacity, improving myocardial mitochondrial productivity efficiency, and thereby increasing cardiac work.This paper summarizes the characteristics and molecular regulation mechanism of myocardial energy metabolism during HF and discusses the research direction of optimizing HF treatment strategy based on myocardial energy metabolism regulation.

Multiple myeloma(MM)is a malignant proliferative disease of plasma cells,ranking as the second most common hematologic tu-mor.Although the use of proteasome inhibitors and immunotherapeutic regimens has improved the prognosis of patients with MM,it re-mains incurable in most patients,mainly because of the eventual development of drug resistance in MM cells.Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are a heterogeneous group of cells causing significant suppression of the T-cell immune response.They arise from bone mar-row myeloid progenitor cells that are blocked from differentiation and promote MM development by resisting immune destruction.Recent studies indicate that MDSCs stimulate MM cell proliferation,inducing drug resistance and metastasis.In this paper,we review multiple mechanisms exhibited by MDSCs in MM pathogenesis and discuss the feasibility and challenges of current therapeutic strategies targeting MDSCs,aiming to provide pertinent references regarding MM treatment.

Objective To investigate the anticancer effect of tanshinone Ⅱ A(TⅡ A)on gastric cancer cells and its mechanism.Methods Gastric cancer cells AGS and BGC-823 were used in this study,the semi inhibi-tory concentration(IC50)of T Ⅱ A in gastric cancer cells AGS and BGC-823 were calculated based on MTT colorimetric assay.The appropriate concentration of T Ⅱ A was selected.The effects of T Ⅱ A on cell apoptosis and death were analyzed by flow cytometry.Gastric cancer cells AGS and BGC-823 were divided into control group,T Ⅱ A group and T Ⅱ A+ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 group(TⅡ A+Fer-1 group).The levels of gluta-thione(GSH),cysteine(Cys),reactive oxygen species(ROS)and lipid peroxidation in each group were detec-ted and compared.The potential targets of T Ⅱ A were screened and verified by traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology and String database.The levels of glutamate/cystine transporter(xCT)in each group were detected by Western blot,and the mRNA levels of TP53,solute carrier 7 family 11 members(SLC7A11),and prostaglandin peroxide endosynthase 2(PTGS2)were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results TⅡA had a good anticancer effect on gastric cancer cells AGS and BGC-823 with IC50 of 2.880 μg/mL and 2.350 μg/mL,respectively.TⅡA could inhibit the growth and promote apoptosis and death of gastric cancer cells AGS and BGC-823.TⅡA treatment reduced GSH and Cys levels(P＜0.05),increased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels(P＜0.05),and finally induced ferroptosis in AGS and BGC-823 cells.Database analysis showed that TP53 was an important target of T Ⅱ A.T Ⅱ A promoted the expression of TP53 and inhibited the expression of xCT.Fer-1 attenuated the effects of T Ⅱ A on the expression of TP53 and xCT.After adding TP53 inhibitor,the effects of T Ⅱ A on SLC7A11,PTGS2,and TP53 were weakened(P＜0.05).Conclusion TⅡA has a good anticancer effect on gastric cancer cells AGS and BGC-823,and it could promote ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells through TP53/xCT pathway.

Objective:To analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in visceral adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on bioinformatics.Methods:The microarray dataset GSE78721 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including visceral fat samples data from 19 T2DM patients and 16 non-diabetic subjects. The analysis of transcriptomic profiling results from tissue samples was conducted, and a comparison between different groups of samples based on gender was performed. The online Xintao Academic Database was utilized for the analysis, employing the "limma" package in R language to filter DEGs. Subsequently, the DEGs were visualized, and Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation along with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were carried out and visualized. Based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of DEGs was constructed and key differentially expressed genes were identified and visualized using Cytoscape software.Results:Analysis of visceral adipose tissue gene expression profiles revealed 168 DEGs (|log 2FC|≥1, P<0.05). In females, 42 mRNAs were up-regulated, 3 were down-regulated; in males, 105 were up-regulated, 37 were down-regulated, 19 genes were shared by the two groups. GO analysis linked DEGs to insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling and regulation, nutrient response, and leukocyte migration. KEGG analysis implicated extracellular matrix receptor interactions and leukocyte transendothelial migration. The PPI network unveiled 10 key genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, TGFB3, PCOLCE, TIMP1, COL6A2, COMP, COL14A1, VCAM1 and THY1. Conclusion:Bioinformatics technology can effectively analyze and screen DEGs in visceral adipose tissue of T2DM patients, providing useful clues for further exploring its molecular mechanism and finding therapeutic targets.

Objective:To explore the locations of the lumbosacral nerve roots by use of the magnetic stimulation.Methods:Thirty healthy subjects were studied. The projections of the right L 2 to S 1 intervertebral foramina on their body surfaces were determined manually with ultrasound assistance. Magnetic stimulation was applied to different nerve root segments to induce compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) in the vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles of the lower limbs. The changes in latency, amplitude, and motor threshold were observed. Results:Magnetic stimulation on the L 2-L 3 segment resulted in a significant direct excitation of the vastus medialis. That on the L 5-S 1 segment evoked a significant direct excitatory effect on the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius, with a motor threshold below 40%, an amplitude exceeding 1mV, and many effective responses. However, during the magnetic stimulation on the L 4 segment, the amplitude of the vastus medialis was above 1mV, with no significant differences in the number of effective responses among the muscle groups. Moreover, there was a stepwise change in the latency of effective muscle responses to magnetic stimulation at different segments. The CMAP latencies of 12+ ms for the tibialis anterior and 13+ ms for the gastrocnemius indicated activation of the L 5 and L 4 nerve roots, respectively, while those of 6+ ms, 7+ ms, and 8+ ms for the vastus medialis suggested activation of the L 4, L 3, and L 2 nerve roots, respectively. Conclusions:Based on the responses (CMAP latency, amplitude and motor threshold) of the vastus medialis, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius to magnetic stimulation at different L 2 to S 1 segments, the spinal nerve root segments responsible for innervation can be inferred.

Objective:To investigate the per capita expenses of physical examination and its related factors in health examination (management) institutions in 2019.Methods:Using the census method, the basic information, including the name, address, nature, level and operation nature of the institutions, and per capita expenses of physical examination in provincial health examination (management) institutions in 2019 were collected by questionnaire survey. Rank sum test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:In 2019, the top three provinces in terms of per capita expenses of physical examination were Shanghai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Beijing, with 612.00 yuan, 547.90 yuan and 528.83 yuan, respectively; Guizhou Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Guangdong Province ranked the last three, with 255.25 yuan, 244.00 yuan and 235.10 yuan, respectively. There were significant differences in per capita expenses of physical examination among different health examination (management) institutions in different regions and of different institutional nature, institutional level and business nature (all P<0.05). The per capita expenses of physical examination was positively correlated with the local per capita health care expenditure, the proportion of local population aged 15-64 years and the proportion of local people with education of college and above ( r=0.465, 0.374 and 0.401, all P<0.05). Conclusions:There are differences in the per capita expenses of physical examination in health examination (management) institutions among different regions, institutional nature, institutional level and business nature in 2019, and it is related to the per capita health care expenditure, age and educational level of the local people.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It is highly contagious and can cause death in severe cases. As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 6:36 pm Central European Summer Time (CEST), 12 August 2022, there had been 585 950 285 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 6 425 422 deaths (WHO, 2022).
Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mental Health ; Cohort Studies ; Quality of Life ; China/epidemiology* ; Health Personnel ; Hospitals ; Lung

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of Indigo Naturalis， and to provide reference for the quality control of Indigo Naturalis. METHODS UPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the contents of 6 indole alkaloids （indigo， indirubin， isatin， tryptanthrin， indole and indole-3-carboxaldehyde） in Indigo Naturalis from different origins. Cluster analysis， principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） were used to evaluate the quality of Indigo Naturalis from different origins. RESULTS The contents of indigo， indirubin， isatin， tryptanthrin， indole and indole-3-carboxaldehyde in Indigo Naturalis from different origins were 20 320.83-26 585.01， 1 327.69-3 102.25， 141.69-894.50， 2.17-5.27， 2.14-5.93 and 1.69-4.34 μg/g， respectively. The Indigo Naturalis from different areas were clustered into two categories by cluster analysis. Samples S1， S2， S4， S6， S7， S9 and S10 were clustered into category Ⅰ， and samples S3， S5， S8， S11 and S12 were clustered into category Ⅱ. Indigo Naturalis from different origins was evaluated with 3 principal components. The results showed that category Ⅰ sample scored higher and had better quality， while category Ⅱ sample scored lower and had worse quality. PLS-DA showed that indigo， indirubin， tryptanthrin and isatin were the main substances that reflected the quality difference of Indigo Naturalis. CONCLUSIONS The quality of Indigo Naturalis from different origins is different， and the quality of Indigo Naturalis of different batches from the same area is not stable. The quality evaluation method of Indigo Naturalis established in this paper is stable and reliable， which can provide a basis for the quality control of Indigo Naturalis.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining vibroacoustic therapy with audio-visual feedback on the swallowing and the emotional state of persons with a swallowing disorder after a brainstem stroke.Methods:Fifty brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a control group and a combination group, each of 25. In addition to routine swallowing function training, the control group received additional direct feeding training, while the combination group was provided with vibroacoustic feeding training and swallowing stimulation from an animated audio-visual presentation. Before and after the treatment, the subjects′ swallowing function was quantified using the Standard Swallowing Assessment (SSA) scale and the Gugging swallowing screen (GUSS). The Positive and Negative Emotions Scale (PNAS) was used to quantify their emotional state.Results:After the treatment the average SSA scores of both groups had decreased significantly, while the average GUSS and PNAS scores had increased significantly. The average improvements in all three measures were significantly greater in the combination group than in the control group.Conclusion:In addition to routine swallowing function training, feeding training applying vibroacoustics and audio-visual stimulation can significantly improve the feeding function and emotional state of brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia.