Abstract To analyzes the characteristics, problems and enlightenment of physical activity observation tools, so as to provide reference for researchers to quickly and accurately choose appropriate observation tools to evaluate children s and adolescents physical activity. Literature search is conducted in eight databases of Chinese and English, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. Ultimately, eight observation tools for assessing physical activity in children and adolescents are included. Through summarization and comparison, it is found that the applications of those tools cover multiple age groups, the observation indicators cover multiple dimensions for each with varying emphases, and the applicable contexts vary in their specific background information, and recording methods tend to be quantitative. However, several issues remain to be addressed in practical applications. First, the observation indicators need to be supplemented and improved; second, physical activity in community environments and academic classrooms requires further attention; third, physical activity intensity needs to be scientifically evaluated; fourth, observation and recording methods need to be integrated and innovated; fifth, the number of observation subjects needs to be expanded. Future research could focus on developing observation tools tailored to the characteristics of Chinese children and adolescents, while drawing on foreign observation tools to comprehensively assess physical activity among children and adolescents.

To understand the progress of, summarize the lessons learned from and analyze the challenges in the national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2024, this article presented the endemic situation of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People’s Republic of China in 2024. By the end of 2024, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate schistosomiasis elimination achievements, and 7 provinces of Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangxi maintained the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission interruption. A total of 450 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2024, including 26 061 endemic villages covering 73 630 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 450 counties (cities, districts) endemic for schistosomiasis, 388 (86.22%) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 62 (13.78%) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption. In 2024, a total of 4 102 624 individuals received immunological tests for schistosomiasis in China, with 44 823 sero-positives identified (1.09% seroprevalence), and a total of 169 722 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 1 egg-positives detected. A total of 27 321 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2024. In 2024, a total of 575 686 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis-endemic villages of China, and 113 842 bovines received immunological tests, with 235 sero-positives detected (0.21% seroprevalence), while no egg-positives were identified among the 167 475 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2024, snail survey was performed covering an area of 680 498.27 hm² in China, and 190 778.66 hm² snail habitats were identified, including 59.09 hm² emerging snail habitats and 704.23 hm² reemerging snail habitats. In 2024, a total of 19 665 schistosomiasis patients receiving chemotherapy with praziquantel in China, and expanded chemotherapy was given to humans at 571 722 person-times and to bovines at 306 740 herd-times. In addition, snail control with chemical treatment covered 117 111.37 hm² snail habitats across China in 2024, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 66 562.95 hm², while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 374.26 hm². The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence rates of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both 0 among humans and bovines in China in 2024, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that the prevalence of schistosomiasis remained at a low level in China in 2024; however, the areas of snail habitats remained high and the number of fenced cattle showed a slight increase. To address these risks, it is imperative to maintain the integrated strategy with an emphasis on management of the source of S. japonicum infection and intensified snail control in high-risk areas, and to reinforce schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast and snail control in high-risk areas.

Objective:To investigate the molecular characteristics and clinical heterogeneity of Usher syndrome（USH） -related gene variants in patients with hereditary hearing loss in southwest China, providing a basis for early diagnosis and clinical management. Methods:Thirteen patients from twelve families with hearing loss who attended the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and March 2021 were enrolled. All patients were identified as carrying USH-related gene variants through next-generation sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed for all patients and their parents to validate the pathogenic variants. Comprehensive clinical evaluations, including medical history collection, otologic and ophthalmologic examinations, and vestibular function assessments, were conducted. Results:Among the 13 patients, 4 were diagnosed with USH type 1 and 2 with USH type 2. A total of 19 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were detected in USH-related genes, including MYO7A,CDH23,USH1C, and USH2A. The causative gene was MYO7A in 3 probands, CDH23 in 5, USH1C in 3, and USH2Ain 2. All patients exhibited an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Vestibular dysfunction was observed in 4 patients, and retinitis pigmentosa（RP） in 3 patients. Based on the genotype-phenotype correlation, 6 patients were initially diagnosed with USH, while 7 were classified as having non-syndromic hearing loss（NSHL）. Conclusion:This study revealed the clinical heterogeneity of USH-related gene variants in patients with hereditary deafness in southwest China. Although the clinical manifestations of USH are complex and there are overlapping characteristics between different subtypes, genetic testing provides an important basis for early diagnosis and precise clinical management. Especially for those with typical hearing loss, early genetic diagnosis can provide a window of time for early detection and intervention of retinitis pigmentosa.
Humans ; Usher Syndromes/genetics* ; Myosin VIIa ; Phenotype ; Male ; Female ; Myosins/genetics* ; Mutation ; Cadherins/genetics* ; Child ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics* ; Adolescent ; Pedigree ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Cadherin Related Proteins ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins

To evaluate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of rapamycin (RAPA) on pulmonary fibrosis induced by chlormethine in C57BL/6N mice. Based on body weight, the 18-20 g C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, chlormethine group, chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, with ten mice in each group. Mice were put to death on the 21st day after the first administration of chlormethine. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes and degree of fibrosis in the lung tissue of mice, and RT-PCR was used to detect collagen Ⅰ, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA mRNA expression. After 21 days of administration of chlormethine to mice, significant pulmonary fibrosis characteristics were observed in the lung tissue of the mice. Compared with the chlormethine group, the weight of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with the chlormethine group, the expression of pulmonary fibrosis-related indicators (collagen Ⅰ, E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA) significantly improved ( P<0.05) in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group. Compared with the chlormethine group, the pathological changes and collagen deposition in the lung tissue of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, were significantly improved. Transcriptome analysis of the lung tissue of mice revealed that RAPA treatment of chlormethine-induced pulmonary fibrosis might be related to NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Compared with the chlormethine group, the mRNA expression of p65 in the lung tissue of mice in the chlormethine+dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) group, chlormethine+RAPA (1 mg/kg) group and chlormethine+RAPA (2 mg/kg) group, significantly decreased ( P<0.01). RAPA has a protective effect on pulmonary fibrosis induced by chlormethine in mice. Its efficacy is comparable to that of dexamethasone, which is currently being used in clinical practice. It is a new alternative therapy, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.

To understand the progress of national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2023 and summarize the lessons and experiences, data on the endemic status of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People’s Republic of China were collected and analyzed at a national level. By the end of 2023, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination, and Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces maintained the criteria of transmission interruption, while Yunnan and Hubei provinces were identified to achieve the criteria of transmission interruption in 2020, and Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces achieved the criteria of transmission interruption in 2023. A total of 451 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2023, including 26 250 endemic villages covering 73 034 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 451 endemic counties (cities, districts), 78.49% (354/451) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 21.51% (97/451) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption, respectively. In 2023, a total of 4 216 643 individuals received immunological tests, with 47 794 sero-positives identified, and a total of 184 216 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 4 egg-positives detected. A total of 27 768 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2023. In 2023, 539 548 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of China, and 125 440 bovines received immunological tests, with 124 sero-positives detected, while no egg-positives were identified among the 133 508 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2023, snail survey was performed at an area of 641 339.53 hm² and 184 819.77 hm² snail habitats were identified, including 51.53 hm² emerging snail habitats and 642.25 hm² reemerging snail habitats. In 2023, there were 20 198 schistosomiasis patients receiving praziquantel chemotherapy, and 598 183 person-time individuals and 283 954 herdtime bovines were given expanded chemotherapy. In 2023, snail control with chemical treatment was performed in 116 347.95 hm² snail habitats, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 65 690.89 hm², while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 334.62 hm². The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both zero among humans and bovines in 2023, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that transmission interruption of schistosomiasis had been achieved across all endemic provinces in China in 2023, and the endemic status of schistosomiasis tended to be stable, while advanced cases were predominant among all schistosomiasis cases. However, the areas of snail habitats remained high and cattle re-raising was very common in some regions. Intensified schistosomiasis surveillance and forecast and snail control in high-risk areas are needed.

【Objective】 To explore the expression of PCDH9 loss in regulating cell cycle and promoting tumor progression. 【Methods】 The clinical records of 127 cases of prostate cancer treated during 2018 and 2023 were collected, including 87 paraffin tissue samples from the G4-5 group and 40 from the G1-3 group. The expressions of PCDH9, p53, Rb and STAT3 were detected with immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. 【Results】 The expression deletion rate of PCDH9 in prostate cancer tissues in G4-5 group (44.8% vs.7.5%) was significantly higher than that in G1-3 group (P<0.001). The positive expression rates of p53 and STAT3 were 34.5% and 89.7%, respectively, and the expression loss rate of Rb was 27.6% in G4-5 group. The expression loss rates of PCDH9 and Rb were associated with neuroendocrine-like histological morphology, nerve invasion and vascular invasion (P<0.05). In G4-5 group of prostate cancer, PCDH9 expression was positively correlated with the expressions of p53 (r=0.345, P<0.05), Rb (r=0.503, P<0.05) and STAT3 (r=0.224, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 PCDH9 is prone to loss of expression in high-group prostate cancer tissues, especially in cases with neuroendocrine-like histological morphology, which may regulate the cell cycle through the STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting tumor progression.

In order to address issues such as the decline in diagnostic performance of deep learning models due to imbalanced data distribution in psoriasis vulgaris,a VGG13-based deep convolutional neural network model is proposed by integrating the processing capability of the improved fuzzy KMeans clustering algorithm for highly clustered complex data and the predictive capability of VGG13 deep convolutional neural network model.The model is applied to the diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris,and the experimental results indicate that compared with VGG13 and resNet18,the proposed approach based on deep learning and improved fuzzy KMeans is more suitable for identifying psoriasis features.

Objective:To observe the value of superb microvascular imaging(SMI)combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant superficial enlarged lymph nodes.Methods:A total of 82 patients with superficial enlarged lymph nodes who admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Qinhuangdao City from March 2020 to June 2022 were selected.All patients underwent SMI and CEUS examinations,and the ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was used as the"gold standard",and Kappa values was used to analyze the consistencies of single SMI and CEUS,and the combination of them with the"gold standard"in diagnosing benign and malignant superficial enlarged lymph nodes.Results:The results of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy showed that 34 superficial enlarged lymph nodes were benign lymph nodes and 63 superficial enlarged lymph nodes were malignant lymph nodes in 97 superficial enlarged lymph nodes of 82 patients.The results of SMI examination showed that 37 superficial enlarged lymph nodes were benign lymph nodes and 60 superficial enlarged lymph nodes were malignant lymph nodes in 97 superficial enlarged lymph nodes.The results of consistency analysis indicated that SMI has favorable value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant superficial enlarged lymph nodes,which has better consistency with needle biopsy(Kappa=0.712).The results of CEUS examination showed that 36 cases of the 97 superficially enlarged lymph nodes were benign lymph nodes and 61 cases were malignant lymph nodes.The results of consistency analysis indicated that CEUS has better value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant superficial enlarged lymph nodes,which has higher consistency with needle biopsy(Kappa=0.821).The results of SMI combined with CEUS examination showed that 35 cases of 97 superficial enlarged lymph nodes were benign lymph nodes and 62 cases were malignant lymph nodes.The result of consistency analysis indicated that SMI combined with CEUS has better value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant superficial enlarged lymph nodes,and has higher consistency with needle biopsy(Kappa=0.886).Conclusion:Both SMI and CEUS examinations have better value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant superficial enlarged lymph nodes,and the combination of them can further improve the consistency with result of pathological examination,and enhance the diagnostic value,which has a certain guidance significance in clinical screening malignant lymph nodes.

Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Constipation/therapy* ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Patients

Objective To summarise the best evidence for postpartum follow-up acquired from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus so as to provide an evidence-based reference for establishment of a postpartum follow-up program.Methods Literature on postpartum blood glucose follow-up in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus was retrieved from 17 major databases including BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI),International Guide Collaboration Network,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE),American Diabetes Association website,Medlive,Cochrane Library,Embase,OVID,PubMed,Web of Science,Quanfang local PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,and Sinomed from the inception of databases to July 2023.The literature to be retrieved included guidelines,expert consensus,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,clinical decisions,and the original studies.Results A total of 9 articles,five practice guidelines,a systematic review,an evidence summaries,an expert consensus and a clinical decisions,were included.Totally,17 pieces of best evidence were summarised from the five aspects:postpartum blood glucose,lifestyle guidance,breastfeeding,drug treatment and health education.Conclusions The summarised best evidences can provide evidence-based references for postpartum follow-up of patients with gestational diabetes.Nursing staff in hospitals and community health centres should formulate relevant follow-up plans according to the actual postpartum conditions of patients in order to prevent the incidence of postpartum Type Ⅱ diabetes.