Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To study the changes of immunoglobulins(IgG,IgA,IgM)and helper T cell Th9 subset,and their cor-relation with insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and S-100B protein in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods:A total of 108 patients with PD confirmed in Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled as study group between December 2020 and December 2022.According to disease severity,they were divided into mild group(35 cases),moderate group(44 cases)and severe group(29 cases);a total of 108 healthy adults were enrolled as control group.Levels of immunoglobulins and Th9 subset were compared between study group and control group,and levels of immunoglobulins,Th9 subset,IGF-1 and S-100B protein were compared among mild group,moderate group and severe group.Correlation between immunoglobulins,Th9 subset and IGF-1,S-100B proteins were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Correlation between disease severity and all differential indexes in PD patients were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results:IgM level in study group was lower than that in control group,and which was the lowest in severe group,followed by moderate group and mild group(P<0.05).Levels of IgG,IgA,IL-9 and Th9 subset in study group were higher than those in control group,and which were the highest in severe group,followed by moderate group and mild group(P<0.05).IGF-1 level was the lowest in severe group,followed by moderate group and mild group,while level of S-100B protein was on the contrary(P<0.05).Results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that IgM level was positively correlated with IGF-1 level,while negatively correlated with level of S-100B protein.Levels of IgG,IgA,IL-9 and Th9 subset were negatively correlated with IGF-1 level,while positively correlated with level of S-100B protein(P<0.05).Results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that the disease severity was negatively correlated with IgM and IGF-1 levels,while positively correlated with levels of S-100B protein,IgG,IgA,IL-9 and Th9 subset(P<0.05).Conclusion:IgM level is decreased,while levels of IgG,IgA and Th9 subset are increased in PD patients.Changes of the above indexes are significantly correlated with IGF-1 and S-100B,which can be applied to evaluate dis-ease severity.

Narrative medicine emphasizes the cultivation of narrative ability,providing an important pathway to promote clinical discipline teaching and guide the transformation of medical students into the role of doctors.Based on the theory of narrative medicine,the Warm Medicine course is designed with a two-layer advanced practical teaching system covering the entire life cycle of"birth,aging,illness,and death".It can train the ability of medical students to absorb,interpret,and respond to patients'stories and difficulties in actual medical scenarios.Taking the"birth"theme practice as an example,the paper presentes the specific implementation and development of the course.The practical teaching of the"birth"theme enhanced students'understanding of medical themes and their perception of the essence of life,as well as promoting the establishment of the subjectivity of doctor-patient relationships and the formation of medical students'holistic medical diagnosis and treatment thinking.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic basis for a child with X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG). METHODS: A child with XLAG who had presented at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in May 2021 was selected as the study subject. Peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents were collected and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the result was analyzed by using bioinformatic software. RESULTS: The child was found to have harbored a hemizygous c.945_948del variant in exon 2 of the ARX gene, which as a frameshifting variant has resulted in a truncated protein. His mother was found to be heterozygous for the variant, whilst his father was of wild type. The variant was unreported previously. CONCLUSION The hemizygous c.945_948del variant of the ARX gene probably underlay the XLAG in this patient. Above finding has provided a basis for the diagnosis and genetic counseling for this family.
Humans ; Child ; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias ; Exons ; Computational Biology ; Genetic Counseling ; Genitalia ; Transcription Factors ; Homeodomain Proteins

Digital guided therapy (DGT) has been advocated as a contemporary computer-aided technique for treating endodontic diseases in recent decades. The concept of DGT for endodontic diseases is categorized into static guided endodontics (SGE), necessitating a meticulously designed template, and dynamic guided endodontics (DGE), which utilizes an optical triangulation tracking system. Based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images superimposed with or without oral scan (OS) data, a virtual template is crafted through software and subsequently translated into a 3-dimensional (3D) printing for SGE, while the system guides the drilling path with a real-time navigation in DGE. DGT was reported to resolve a series of challenging endodontic cases, including teeth with pulp obliteration, teeth with anatomical abnormalities, teeth requiring retreatment, posterior teeth needing endodontic microsurgery, and tooth autotransplantation. Case reports and basic researches all demonstrate that DGT stand as a precise, time-saving, and minimally invasive approach in contrast to conventional freehand method. This expert consensus mainly introduces the case selection, general workflow, evaluation, and impact factor of DGT, which could provide an alternative working strategy in endodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Endodontics/methods* ; Tooth ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Dental Care ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Root Canal Therapy

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Objective: To explore trends in the asthma burden among Chinese children and adolescents 1-19 years old during 1990-2019. Methods: Based on data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, joinpoint regression was used to analyze the dynamic changes in the gender and age specific asthma burden, and the asthma burden in China was compared with countries that have different socio demographic indices(SDI). In addition, trends in asthma burden attributed to different risk factors were also investigated. Results: The asthma burden decreased slightly from 1990 to 1996 [annual percent change (APC)=-1.7%], then rapidly decreased from 1996 to 2005 (APC=-5.7%). The age standardized disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate decreased from 158.55/100 000 to 88.59/100 000 in patients 1-19 years of age. From 2005 to 2017, the DALYs rate for asthma increased slowly, then rapidly. In 2017, the DALYs rate peaked at 176.18/100 000, then decreased to 126.79/100 000 in 2019. The burden of asthma in boys was higher than girls, and the DALYs rate for asthma in the group 5-9 years of age was higher than the remaining age groups. Furthermore, the age standardized DALYs rate for asthma among Chinese children and adolescents was relatively low among countries with a different SDI. In addition, the DALYs rate attributed to high body mass index increased in all age groups in China. Specifically, the average APC (AAPC) was 2.9% in group 1-4 years of age and the AAPC was 4.2% in the remaining age groups. The DALYs rate attributed to occupational asthmagens in the group 15-19 years of age decreased from 1990 to 2019 and the AAPC was -2.5%. Conclusion The asthma burden was relatively low among Chinese children and adolescents, and there were gender and age differences. The gender and age specific DALYs rate for asthma had a tendency to decrease, increase, then decrease. More attention should be paid to boys and the group 5-9 years of age, and strengthen the intervention of obesity and occupational asthmagens.

In order to improve the management level of medicine list of medical institutions in China ，and help medical institutions build a medicine list of medical institutions with reasonable drug use structure ，standardized adjustment procedures ， convenient operation and application and scientific evaluation methods ，so as to meet the needs of clinical rational drug use to the greatest extent ，with the support of the Pharmaceutical Care Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association ， China-Japan Friendship Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China （Anhui Provincial Hospital ）jointly initiate and complete Guideline for the Evaluation of Medicine List in Chinese Medical Institutions jointly with a number of medical institutions. In strict accordance with the methodological requirements of World Health Organization standard guidelines ，based on the Delphi method ，the guideline formulation working group has constructed the quality evaluation index system and quantitative scoring table of medicine list management in medical institutions from the 5 dimensions of organization and management ，structure，adjustment，application and e valuation of the list. It is used to help medical institutions evaluate the quality of their medicine list management ，so asto play a positive role in the fine management of medicine list in medical institutions.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in very preterm infants(VPI), and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of BPD in VPI.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was designed to collect the clinical data of VPI in department of neonatology of 28 hospitals in 7 regions from September 2019 to December 2020.According to the continuous oxygen dependence at 28 days after birth, VPI were divided into non BPD group and BPD group, and the risk factors of BPD in VPI were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 514 cases of VPI including 1 364 cases without BPD and 1 150 cases with BPD were enrolled.The incidence of BPD was 45.7%.The smaller the gestational age and weight, the higher the incidence of BPD( P<0.001). Compared with non BPD group, the average birth age, weight and cesarean section rate in BPD group were lower, and the incidence of male infants, small for gestational age and 5-minute apgar score≤7 were higher( P<0.01). In BPD group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, feeding intolerance, extrauterine growth restriction, grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, early-onset and late-onset sepsis, nosocomial infection, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were higher( P<0.05), the use of pulmonary surfactant(PS), postnatal hormone exposure, anemia and blood transfusion were also higher, and the time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen use and total hospital stay were longer( P<0.001). The time of starting enteral nutrition, cumulative fasting days, days of reaching total enteral nutrition, days of continuous parenteral nutrition, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) total calorie, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) oral calorie were longer and the breastfeeding rate was lower in BPD group than those in non BPD group( P<0.001). The cumulative doses of amino acid and fat emulsion during the first week of hospitalization were higher in BPD group( P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NRDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, age of reaching total enteral nutrition, anemia and blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for BPD in VPI, and older gestational age was the protective factor for BPD. Conclusion:Strengthening perinatal management, avoiding premature delivery and severe NRDS, shortening the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, paying attention to enteral nutrition management, reaching whole intestinal feeding as soon as possible, and strictly mastering the indications of blood transfusion are very important to reduce the incidence of BPD in VPI.