Objective To discuss the application of self-developed novel 16-slice mobile CT head scan.Methods A total of 391 patients were performed 16-slice mobile CT scan:145 were scanned in the emergency department,156 in the neurosurgical ICU,55 in the operated room,and 35 in the ambulance vehicle.Sixty-eight patients were with brain injury,122 were with cerebral hemorrhage,120 were with cerebral infarction,59 were with brain tumors,and 22 were with hemifacial spasm.Thirty-five patients were randomly selected from 391 patients and 8-slice mobile CT head scan was performed on them,which included 12 with brain injury,6 with cerebral hemorrhage,12 with cerebral infarction,3 with brain tumors and 2 with hemifacial spasm.The resolution,imaging quality,radiation doses,power consumption and performance stability of novel 16-slice mobile CT and 8-slice mobile CT head scan were compared.Results The resolution line pairs of brain tissues were 91 p/cm by 16-slice mobile CT and 71 p/cm by 8-slice mobile CT,respectively.The imaging quality of the two kinds of mobile CT head scans was high level to the clinic diagnostic criteria.The radiation dose of 16-slice mobile CT were 40.43 mGy,which decreased by 51.01％ as compared with that of 8-slice mobile CT (82.52 mGy).The personal power consumption of 16-silce mobile CT (0.29 kW· h) decreased by 38.30％ as compared with those of 8-layer mobile CT (0.47 kW· h).The 16-slice mobile CT kept regularly,while 8-slicer mobile CT stopped to work twice during clinical trial.Conclusion The 16-slice mobile CT scan has high resolution,fine imaging quality,low radiation dose,small power consumption and stable working performance.

Parkinson′s disease(PD),the second neurodegenerative disease in the world,is characterized by a combination of motor symptoms(rest tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,postural instability,stooped posture and freezing of gait)and non-motor symp?toms(including psychiatric and cognitive disorders). The core neuropathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the deposition of iron and cytoplasmic protein aggregates(Lewy bodies)inside neurons. Currently,clinical treatment for PD is symptomatic and there is no effective treatment to restore neuronal degeneration. In the PD therapy ,medication re?mains dominant. Anti-PD drugs are mainly based on the critical signal pathways or some specific targets which play a key role in the pathogenesis of PD to relieve the symptoms of PD. Research and development in novel drugs to prevent or treat PD have been a crucial subject,and some novel candidates are under development. In this paper,we summarize and analyze the anti-PD drugs,and make a brief discussion about its pharmacological targets.

Objective To investigate influence of exogenous insulin in all-in-one parenteral nutrition on blood glucose in infants with very low birth weight (VLBW). Methods Forty-two infants with VLBWI admitted to the department of pediatrics of Xuzhou Hospital affiliated to Southeast University during September 2005 to March 2009 were randomly assigned to Group Ⅰ ( n = 13 ) with exogenous insulin added to all-in-one parenteral nutrition at infusion rate of 0.4 U·kg-1·h-1,GroupⅡ(n = 13) with exogenous insulin at infusion rate of 0.1U·kg-1·h-1 and Group Ⅲ (n = 16) with no exogenous insulin added.Their blood glucose was monitored every two hours. Chi-square test was used for comparing difference in blood glucose abnormality between the three groups and association between blood glucose levels at admission and during hospitalization was analyzed with Spearman correlation. Results Incidence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia was 10. 9 percent (29/265) and 18. 1 percent (48/265) in Group Ⅰ, 20. 8 percent (59/284) and 14. 1 percent (40/284) in Group Ⅱ , and 20. 5 percent (61/298) and 11.7 percent (35/298) in Group Ⅲ, respectively. There was significant difference in incidence of hyperglycemia between Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ ( x2 = 9. 844, P = 0. 002 ) and between Groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ ( x2 = 9. 478, P = 0. 002 ), but no significant difference in it between Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ ( x2 = 0. 008, P = 0. 928 ). There was significant difference in incidence of hypoglycemia between Groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ ( x2 = 4. 526, P =0. 033 ), but no significant difference in it between Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (x2 =1.653, P=0. 199) or between Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (x2 =0.709, P =0.400).No significant correlation between endogenous blood insulin level at admission and during hospitalization( r = 0. 082, P = 0. 661 ) was found. Conclusions Blood glucose in infants with VLBW can not be regulated timely by their endogenous insulin itseff. Exogenous insulin added to all-in-one parenteral nutrition at infusion rate of 0. 1 U · kg-1 · h-1 may not significantly reduce incidence of hyperglycemia,while incidence of hypoglycemia can be reduced by exogenous insulin at infusion rate of 0. 4 U · kg- 1 · h -1 that can increase incidence of hypoglycemia Therefore, exogenous insulin is not recommended to be prophylactically added to all-in-one parenteral nutrition for infants with VLBW.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of pSVPoMcat (myelin basic protein microgene) modifying Schwann cell on injured spinal neurons.

METHODSA model of rat spinal cord injured by hemisection was used. One hundred and twenty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 250-300 g were divided into three groups: Group A (n=40, treated with implantation of pSVPoMcat modifying Schwann cell), Group B (n= 40, treated with implantation of Schwann cell only) and Group C (n=400, treated with sham operation as the control). One week after operation the rat functional recovery was observed dynamically by using combined behavioral score (CBS) and cortical somatasensory evoked potentials, the spinal cord sections were stained by Nissl, acid phosphatase enzyme histochemistry and cell apoptosis was examined by methye green, terminal deoxynucleotidyl and the dUTP Nick end labeling technique. Quantitative analysis was done by computer image analysis system.

RESULTSIn Group A the injured neurons recovered well morphologically. The imaging analysis showed a result of Group A

CONCLUSIONSpSVPoMcat modifying Schwann cell implantation has protective effect on injured spinal neurons and promotes recovery of injured spinal cord function in rats.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Transplantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Male ; Methyl Green ; Myelin Basic Protein ; genetics ; Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Schwann Cells ; metabolism ; transplantation ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the repair effect of Schwann cells (SCs) modified by microgene pSVPoMcat on injured spinal cord in rats.

METHODSSemi-transection injury at the level of T(8) of spinal cord was made with cutting method on 120 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Then 40 rats implanted with SCs modified by microgene pSVPoMcat were taken as Group A, 40 rats implanted with simple SCs as Group B and the other 40 rats were taken as the control group (Group C). The functional recovery of the rats was observed through combined behavioral score (CBS) and cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP), and the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was measured with in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. At 3 months after operation, the rats were examined with magnetic resonance image (MRI), and the neurofilaments (NF) of the axons were stained with immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSGFAP expression in Group A was significantly lower than that of the other 2 groups. MRI showed that the spinal signals in the injured area recovered fundamentally in Group A, didn't recover in Group B and malacia focus was found in Group C, which was same as the results of NF staining. Wave amplitudes in incubation periods in Group A and Group B tended to recover. It recovered to the normal level in Group A, which was similar to the results of CBS.

CONCLUSIONSSCs modified by microgene pSVPoMcat can inhibit GFAP expression, improve the growth of the axons and the functional recovery of neurons after spinal cord injury.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schwann Cells ; metabolism ; transplantation ; Spinal Cord ; physiopathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy

This study sought to make a biomechanical analysis of the diffuse axonal injury(DAI) animal model caused by nonimpact with half bound head in cats. A three-dimensional finite element model of cat's head was established. The head of an anesthetized cat was scanned in 2 mm section. The nods and element meshes were signed out according to the geometry of every section. The geometric data were put into the computer and the element mesh body of cat's head was established in vizi CAD system. The maximum stress, minimum stress and von Mises stress were calculated by Super SAP (93ed) finite elemental software when the force was loaded on the right or left side of model in zero section. The analysis showed that the maximum stress appeared in the anterior and posterior loaded point and extended to cranial base in the cranial shell. There was high stress in the brain surface also. Because of cerebellar tentorium, cerebral falx, petrosal bone and sellar process, the stress did not decrease equivalently while approaching the deep brain, but it was distributed in cerebral-cerebellar peduncles, brain stem, corpus callosum and basal ganglia area at high values. The results suggest that the stress caused by rotational force is widespreadly and unequivalently distributed in brain tissue, which is mainly effected by the cerebellar tentorium, cerebral falx and the irregular geometric forms of cranial bone.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Injuries ; pathology ; Cats ; Diffuse Axonal Injury ; pathology ; Finite Element Analysis ; Head ; Models, Animal ; Rotation ; Skull

Objective To study the protective effects of the intracord transplantation of microgene pSVPoMcat－ genetically－ modified Schwann cells (MSCs)on spinal cord injury (SCI).Method Rats with semi－ division(SD) of the spinal cord was divided into 4 groups.Group S consisted of the rats with SD treated with the transplantation of MSCs, Group B of the rats with SD treated with the transplantation of SCs without genetic modification,Group C of the rats with SD without treatment and Group D was the normal control. 8 hours after operation,the half of the rats of each group were killed and the injured segment of the spinal cord was resected to be examined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry . Another half of the rats of all the groups were examined with neurological function tests to have a combined behavioral score (CBS).Result There was a significant increase of water content and Na＋ and Ca2＋ ions and a decrease of K＋ and Mg 2＋ ions in the injured cord segment of Group C and a statistically significant recovery was observed in Group A. The intracord transplantation of pSVPoMcat genetically modidied SCs improved the neurological outcome of spinal cord injury.Conclusion Our findings indicate that intracord transplantation of pSVPoMcat－ genetically－ modified－ Schwanncells exerts protective effects on the injured segment of the spinal cord through the improvement of the internal ion environment of the spinal cord.

Objective 　To investigate the treatment of cystic craniopharyngiomas by CT-guided stereotactic neuroendoscopic resection and intratumoral chemotherapy. Methods　16 cases of cystic craniopharyngiomas were partial resected by CT-guided stereotactic neuroendoscopy. Intratumoral chemotherapy with bleomycin were given postoperatively. Results　The clinical symptoms improved promptly after evacuations of cyst in all patients. No death or severe complications occurred. Follow-up (ranged from 2 to 3 years) CT or MRI indicated that the tumor cysts gradually regressed or disappeared. Conclusions　The treatment of CT-guided stereotactic endoscopic resection and intratumoral chemotherapy for cystic craniopharyngioma is safe and effective, which should be a very useful procedure in clinical practice.

Objective In order to observe the role of genetically modified Schwann cell (SC) with pSVPoMcat in the regeneration of injured spinal cord.Method The cells were implanted into the spinal cord.Ninety SD rats were used to establish a model of hemi- transection of spinal cord at the level of T8,and were divided into three groups,randomly, that is,pSVPoMcat modified SC implantation(Group A), SC implantation(Group B),and without cell implantation as control(Group C).After three months the presence of axonal regeneration of the injured spinal cord was examined by means of horseradish peroxidase(HRP)retrograde labeling technique and stereography.Result The results indicated that HRP labeled cells in Group A and B could be found in the superior region of injured spinal cord and the brain stem such as the red nuclei and oculomotor nuclei. The density of ventral horn neurons of the spinal cord and the number of myelinated axons in 100 μ m of the white matter was A >B >C group.Conclusion In brief,the pSVPoMcat modified SC intraspinal implantation could promote regeneration of the injured spinal cord.

Objective:　To investigate the value of transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography in evaluating the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury and to correlate the TCD values with intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) monitoring. 　　Methods:　A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of TCD ultrasonography to neurological outcome in a series of 96 severe traumatic brain injury patients. The quantitative variables of TCD ultrasonography included the mean blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and pulsatility index within the first 24 hours of admission. The ICP and CPP values were also recorded. Outcome in 6 months postinjury was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS 4-5 was considered as “good” and GOS 1-3 as “poor”). 　　Results:　The mean blood flow velocity of the MCA was larger than 40 cm/s in 30 (51%) patients with good outcome whereas it was less than 40 cm/s in 27 (73%) patients with poor outcome (P<0.025). The mean PI in cases of good outcome (34 patients, 57%) was lower than 1.5 whereas in poor outcome (30 patients, 83%) was higher than 1.5 (P<0.001). The correlations of ICP and CPP to pulsatility index were statistically significant (P<0.01). 　　Conclusions:　TCD ultrasonography is valid in predicting the patients outcome of 6 months and correlates significantly with ICP and CPP values when it is performed in the first 24 hours of severe traumatic brain injury.