Objective:To construct a scientific and feasible index system for nurses′ ability to cope with new infectious diseases based on ability-based education theory, so as to provide reference for the training of nurses′ ability to cope with new infectious diseases.Methods:After consulting domestic and foreign literaturesuch as China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, etc. from the establishment of the database to October 2020, based on the theory of "ability-based education", taking the action framework of the theory of "life cycle of emergency" and "sudden infectious disease events proposed" by WHO as the structural framework, the index items were preliminarily constructed, and the Delphi expert consultation method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation for 15 experts, so as to finally establish the index system of nurses′ ability to cope with new infectious diseases.Results:The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100.00%, and the authority coefficient was 0.930. Kendall′s concordance coefficients of two rounds of consultation experts in the tertiary indicators were 0.363, 0.304 and 0.269, respectively, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.01), and the coefficient of variation of each index was 0.000-0.167. The index system of nurses′ ability to cope with new infectious diseases included 3 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators and 44 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The index system of nurses′ ability to cope with new infectious diseases based on ability-based education theory is scientific, reliable and practical, which can provide reference for the training and assessment of new infectious diseases coping ability of nurses.

Disease Progression ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Receptors, Cannabinoid

A retrospective analysis was made on clinical manifestations and autopsy results of 5 sudden deaths from aortic dissecting (AD).Sudden deaths from AD were almost induced by type Ⅰ and Ⅱ of DeBakey Typing.Most patients had a history of hypertension and prodromal symptoms of either chest pain,abdominal pain or back pain.Most common cause of death was cardiac tamponade induced by rupture of the ascending aorta.The clinicians should further recognize of AD so as to achieve the objective of early diagnosis and early treatment.

Objective To analyse the correlation between hepatitis B virus infection in mother and immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine in infant so as to explore ways to prevent mother-to-infant transmission.Methods 8 022 aged from 7 months to 2 years old children and their mothers were selected.The children's HepB immunization were investigated.The serological investigation of mother and children were tested by the colloidal gold tripes and ELISA methods.The HBV genotype were detected among HBsAg positive mother.Results The mother's carry rate of HBsAg was 2.43% while the children's was 0.45%.The protect rate of HepB was 81.48%.127 genotype C were detected among 146 HBsAg positive mothers.There were 26 pair of mothers and their children whose's HBsAg were both positive.Nine of the mother's HBeAg and HBcAb were positive.While five of the mother's HBeAb and HBcAb were positive,and ten of the mother's HBcAb were positive.The differences of the three were statistically significant (?2=6.03,P

Objective To discuss the treatment of dopamine extravasation-induced injury by lidocaine combining dexamethasone. Methods Animal models of dopamine extravasation-induced injury were made using 24 limbs of 6 white mice. These models were divided into 4 groups and given different treatments. Group A was treated with lidocaine combining dexamethasone, group B with lidocaine, group C with normal saline and group D was set as control. The treatment effect was observed. Results The disappearance time of edema in group A was the shortest among the 4 groups and was significantly shorter than that of group C,P＜0.05.Moreover, the pathological changes degree of local tissues in group A were also obviously lower than those of group B,C and D. Conclusion Measures must be taken timely to cope with dopamine extravasation-induced injury. Treatment with lidocaine combining dexamethasone proved to be a prompt, simple and safe method.

BACKGROUNDIt was reported that tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) was a powerful pulmonary carcinogen, predominantly inducing adenocarcinoma of the lung in mouse. The aim of this study is to assay metabolites of NNK, which are 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its O-glucuronide (NNAL-Gluc), and their ratio (NNAL-Gluc/NNAL) in smokers and non-smokers' urine, and to explore the carcinogenicity of NNK among different people.

METHODSUsing high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and gas chromatograph-mass tadom (GC-MS/MS), NNAL-Gluc and NNAL in 24h urine were detected in 8 healthy smokers, 10 lung cancer smokers and 4 healthy non-smokers.

RESULTSBoth of the two metabolites were not found in non-smokers' urine. The ratios of urine NNAL-Gluc/NNAL were greatly different among different smokers. The mean ratio of NNAL-Gluc/NNAL in healthy smokers was 4.95, and 0.5 in lung cancer smokers.

CONCLUSIONSThe results provide the first evidence for metabolite detection of tobacco-specific nitrosamine in Chinese smokers' urine . The result suggests that detoxification ability of healthy smokers is higher than that of lung cancer smokers. It may provide a detective way to screen high risk people for lung cancer in smokers.

Objective To study the effects of vasopressin on genes involve in vesicle-mediated transport in the rats' inner ear and to identify the possible mechanism of hydrolabyrinth induced by vasopressin.Methods 16 Wistar rats were divided into experimental group and controled group.Wistar rats of experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with 50 ?g/kg arginine vasopressin once a day for one week.Rats of controled group were injected with the same doses of physiologic saline.Then bullae both groups were immediately dissected out for total RNA extraction.cDNA were synthesized from total RNA of the inner ear by reverse transcription and labeled with Cy3 or Cy5.The BiostarR-40s cDNA microarray was hybridized with the above cDNA.The changes of mRNA expression intensity in the rats' inner ear induced by vasopressin injection were analyzed.Results Seven differentially expressed genes related to vesicle-mediated transport were screened out in the rat inner ear induced by vasopressin injection by use of cDNA microarray.Ap2b1,Arf1,Arf6,Dnch1,Mlc3 and Rab7 were increased by 2-fold or more,and Stx7 was decreased to 0.5-fold or less.Conclusion Vasopressin may disturb fluid homeostasis in the inner ear via vesicle-mediated transport resulting in hydrolabyrinth.

Embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cell mass of the preimplanted blastocyst or from primordial germ cells of the early embryos, with the capacity of unlimited growth and differentiation potential. Embryonic stem cells(ES cells) can differentiate into all kinds of cells and organs under proper condition. Due to this characteristics ES cells have the attractive prospect in basic research, transplantation and gene therapy.
Blastocyst ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Germ Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Research ; trends

Objective:To explore the factors which lead to pharyngo-cutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy.Method:A retrospective study of 125 patients who underwent total laryngectomy during a 16-year period was carried out.Result:The rate of post-laryngectomy pharyngo-cutaneous fistula is 16.0% (20/125),it appears reduced tendency.With single-factor analysis,the factors effect on the rate of post-laryngectomy pharyngo-cutaneous fistula include clinical tumor stage,tumor types,pre-operative radiotherapy dose,intra-operative blood transfusion,operative duration.With all varible logistic model analysis,the factors effect on the rate of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula are clinical tumor stage and pre-operative radiotherapy dose,but pre-operative radiotherapy is very possible to be a risk factor (P=0.0566).With logistic model stepwise regression analysis,the factors effect on the rate of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula are clinical tumor stage and operative duration.Conclusion:Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula appears easily in patients with T3、T4 tumor,and have pre-operative radiotherapy, especially have large dose preradiotherapy.For these high risk patients,the duration of operation should be as short as possible to reduce the rate of post-laryngectomy pharyngo-cutaneous fistula.

Objective To determine the relation between level of caloric responses and temperature of stimulus.Methods An bithermal caloric air irrigator was used to obtain maximum slow component speed caloric responses of 120 patients reported history of dizziness. The nystagmus was measured and recorded by electronystagmography.Results The maximum slow-phase speed of the responses to hot air was greater than that to cold air ( P