Objective: To design HBV DNA proficiency testing and system comparison samples with different concentration gradients, analyze their detection results in PCR detection systems, evaluate the nucleic acid detection capabilities of laboratories and differences between detection systems, and put forward suggestions for continuous quality improvement to participating laboratories. Methods: Three groups of randomly numbered proficiency testing samples (with HBV DNA reference concentrations of <2, 7.5, and 30 IU/mL respectively) were taken as the detection objects. Using nucleic acid test data from 11 provincial blood station laboratories as the source, the samples were grouped by detection system and laboratory successively, and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Statistical analysis of the detection data of the three groups of samples based on detection systems and laboratories showed that from low to high concentration, the coincidence rate between the detection results of different detection systems and laboratories and the expected results showed an increasing trend: 38.89%, 85.90%, and 100.00%; the same system exhibited certain differences in performance among different laboratories. Conclusion: Through this proficiency testing and system comparison, it is found that there are certain differences in the detection capabilities of different laboratories and different nucleic acid test systems. Blood station laboratories should standardize processes, strengthen quality management and data analysis on the basis of being familiar with the detection performance of their detection systems, and at the same time strengthen the control of laboratory interference factors to continuously improve the nucleic acid detection capabilities of blood station laboratories.

Objective:To analyze the imaging characteristics of Stanford B aortic dissection in aortic CT angiography, in order to explore the possible related factors of aortic dissection combined with renal malperfusion and to analyze the morphological changes in each involved vessel after TEVAR.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019, totally 148 patients of Stanford B aortic dissection underwent TEVAR in our hospital. The preoperative aortic CTA was analyzed, and all cases complicated with renal malperfusion were determined according to the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and imaging results. The differences of morphological features between the patients with and without renal malperfusion and the possible correlative factors were analyzed.The different ischemic types of the involved renal arteries were analyzed, and the morphological changes of the involved vessels before and after the operation of TEVAR were compared.Results:The logistic regression analysis showed that the concave configuration of the tear at the renal artery level was the independent risk factor for renal malperfusion (right kidney OR=5.319, P=0.032; left kidney OR=12.879, P=0.007). The diameter of renal artery was the independent protective factor for renal malperfusion (right kidney OR=0.464, P=0.018; left kidney OR=0.685, P=0.016). Compared with preoperative CTA, the diameter of the involved renal artery was significantly enlarged after TEVAR, no matter which type of ischemia. Most of the dynamic ischemia (15/16) was improved after TEVAR; while static and mixed ischemia only partially improved after TEVAR (static 22/36, mixed 11/19) . Conclusion:The concave configuration of the renal artery level, and the diameter of renal artery are associated with renal malperfusion.The malperfusion can be improved in most cases of dynamic ischemia type vessels, while only can be partially improved in static and mixed types vessles.

The efficacy of adaptive immune responses in cancer treatment relies heavily on the state of the T cells. Upon antigen exposure, T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, leading to the development of functional effectors or memory populations. However, within the tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic stress impairs CD8 + T cell anti-tumor immunity, resulting in exhausted differentiation. Recent studies suggested that targeting T cell metabolism could offer promising therapeutic opportunities to enhance T cell immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors necessary for metabolic reprogramming during the development of effector and memory T cells in response to acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we delved into the different metabolic switches that occur during T cell exhaustion, exploring how prolonged metabolic stress within the TME triggers alterations in cellular metabolism and the epigenetic landscape that contribute to T cell exhaustion, ultimately leading to a persistently exhausted state. Understanding the intricate relationship between T cell metabolism and cancer immunotherapy can lead to the development of novel approaches to improve the efficacy of T cell-based treatments against cancer.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of the post process of computed tomography angiography(CTA)on head and neck based on artificial intelligence(AI)deep learning on stenosis assessment.Methods:A total of 108 patients who underwent CTA on head and neck at Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected,and they were divided into an AI group(54 cases)and a manual group(54 cases)based on different diagnostic methods.Dual source CT was used to conduct examination,and data was transmitted to"Shenrui Dr.Wise Head and Neck CTA Intelligent Assistance System"and"Siemens Syngo View Post Process Workstation".The image evaluation was conducted on a 5-point scale.The time-consuming of post process and diagnosis of CTA images of the artery of head and neck between two groups were observed and compared,and the quality of CTA images of the artery of head and neck,and the diagnostic results of the degree of the artery stenosis of head and neck also were observed and compared between two groups.Results:The differences of the time-consuming of post process of images and the time-consuming of diagnosis between two groups were all statistically significant(t=52.315,24.509,P<0.05),respectively.The intra-group correlation coefficient(ICC)of each branch of the artery of head and neck was 0.996 between two physicians.In AI group,the score of common carotid artery was(4.77±0.12),and the score of internal carotid artery was(4.56±0.13),and the score of vertebral artery was(4.55±0.16),and the score of middle cerebral artery was(4.78±0.16).In manual group,the score of common carotid artery was(3.02±0.12),and the score of internal carotid artery was(3.02±0.12),and the score of vertebral artery was(3.02±1.14),and the score of middle cerebral artery was(3.11±1.09).The differences of the image scores of each main branch of the artery of head and neck between two groups were significant(t=107.165,94.590,13.812,15.753,P<0.05),respectively,and scores of AI group all higher than these of manual group.The result of digital subtraction angiography(DSA)was used as the"gold standard".A total of 44 stenosis arteries were included for comparison,and the DSA results indicated that there were 12 cases with mild stenosis,12 cases with moderate stenosis and 10 cases with severe stenosis in AI group,and there were 12 cases with mild stenosis,8 cases with moderate stenosis and 7 cases with severe stenosis in manual group.There was a favorable diagnostic consistency in AI group(Kappa=0.898,P<0.05).The compliance rate of each stenosis of AI group was higher than that of manual group.The sensitivity(96.80%)and specificity(66.52%)of AI group were all higher than those(68.36 and 14.75%)of manual group,and the difference of specificity was significant.Conclusion:The time-consuming of post process,the time-consuming of diagnosis and the quality of CTA image of the artery of head and neck in AI mode are better than those in manual mode,and the consistency of diagnostic efficacy between two modes is favorable.

Facial paralysis causes both physical pain and psychological distress to patients. It is difficult for a patient with facial paralysis to engage with a normal social life and at work. Progresses have been made in recent years in the treatment of facial paralysis. More attentions have been caught by masseteric to facial nerve transposition, which has advantages of adjacency in location, abundancy in nerve supply and reliability in the outcome and now has deemed an important option of facial reanimation. It has not been long since the application of the technique of masseteric to facial nerve transposition in China, therefore it still lacks a universal guidance on practice. In order to achieve the aim of better quality control and popularisation of the technique, hereby a consensus with suggestions on facial reanimation with masseteric to facial nerve transposition is proposed as the reference for surgeons specialised in facial reanimation. This consensus is proposed, discussed and drafted by experts from plastic and reconstructive surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, head and neck surgery and neurosurgery.

Aspiration is the entry of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract through the glottis, a common and important cause of death in elderly patients due to lung infections.However, a lack of accurate and rapid clinical methods for the diagnosis of aspiration leads to misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis or delayed diagnosis of aspiration, especially aspiration pneumonia.In recent years, with further research into the mechanisms of aspiration syndromes, multiple aspiration biomarkers with potential and clinical translational value have been found, and may help early detection of aspiration and have important and practical significance for elderly health.Therefore, this article reviews aspiration biomarkers such as pepsin, α-amylase, bile acid and other potential biomarkers as well as current relevant research, detection methods, their clinical value and prospects concerning challenges and directions of innovation in future research.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the development and progression of tumors.In recent years, great attention has been paid to the study of the interplay of ER stress and T cell differentiation and functionality.Intense ER stress in the tumor-infiltrating T cells exacerbates T cell exhaustion and impairs T cell anti-tumor immunity.Therefore, a variety of ER stress inhibitors have been developed and utilized to alleviate T cell exhaustion, which improves T cell function in tumor microenvironment.Furthermore, the downregulation of several circadian clock genes like Per1 and Per2 also aggravates T cell exhaustion, and the key downstream effector molecules in ER stress regulate the transcription of Per family, thus enhancing the T cell function.In the present manuscript, we particularly summarize how ER stress impacts the anti-tumor immunity of T cells, and further discuss potential strategies for improving tumor immunotherapy via targeting ER stress.

Objective: To explore the effect of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) on the balance of Th17/Treg in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: A total of 30 patients who were first diagnosed as ITP in the Fifth People's Hospital of Datong from July 2017 to April 2018 were selected as the case group, and another 30 healthy volunteers in the corresponding period were taken as the control group. The proportion of Th17 and Treg cells was detected by using flow cytometry, and the concentration of HMGB1, interleukin (IL)-17 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in plasma was tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in vitro. After the treatment with recombinant human HMGB1 (rhHMGB1), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to detect the mRNA expression changes in Treg cell transcription factor intracellular forkhead helix transcription factor 3 (Foxp3) and Th17 cell transcription factor retinoid related orphan receptor γt (RORγt). The differences of indicators in Treg cell transcription factor peripheral blood between the case group and the control group were compared, and the balance correlation between HMGB1 and Th17/Treg was analyzed. Results: Compared with the healthy control group, the proportion of Th17 cells and the expression level of HMGB1 and IL-17 in peripheral blood of ITP patients were increased (all P < 0.01), while the proportion of Treg cells and the level of TGF-β were decreased (all P < 0.01). The proportion of Th17 cells and the expression level of IL-17 and HMGB1 in peripheral blood of ITP patients were positively correlated with the concentration of HMGB1 (all P < 0.01); the proportion of Treg cells and the level of TGF-β were negatively correlated with the expression level of HMGB1 (all P < 0.01). In vitro experiments, the expression of intracellular RORγt mRNA was increased compared with the negative control group (1.50±0.24 vs. 0.93±0.22, t = 9.612, P < 0.01), and the expression of Foxp3 mRNA was decreased compared with the negative control group after the stimulation of PBMC by rhHMGB1 (0.72±0.19 vs. 1.08±0.18, t = 7.387, P < 0.01). Conclusion The high level of HMGB1 in the peripheral blood of ITP patients induces Th17/Treg imbalance and aggravates inflammatory reactions, which may be an important cause of ITP.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of using INFIX combined with hollow nail in the treatment of anterior pelvic ring injury with symphyseolysis.Methods:Data of 12 patients with anterior pelvic ring injury and symphyseolysis who were treated from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. They were 8 males and 4 females with an average age of 39.5 years (range, 23-64 years). There were 4 cases of traffic injury, 3 cases of falling injury and 5 cases of crush injury; all the cases were combined with front and rear crush injury. According to Tile classification for pelvic fractures, there were 6 cases of type B1 , 3 cases of type B3, 1 case of type C1 and 2 cases of type C2. Six cases of B1 and 3 cases of B3 patients used percutaneous inter fixation with sacroiliac joint cannulated screw in posterior ring; 1 case of C1 and 2 cases of C2 used spinal-pelvic fixation. Every patients' operating time of INFIX combined with the pubic symphysis hollow nail , amount of hemorrhage, length of incisions and number of X-ray projections were recorded. Pelvic X-ray and CT scan were taken postoperatively to observe the reduction and screw position. Postoperative reduction quality was assessed using Matta radiological criteria and Majeed criteria was used at the final follow-up to evaluate the pelvic function.Results:The average operating time for 12 patients was 42 min (range, 35-56 min) ; the average amount of hemorrhage was 28 ml (range, 15-40 ml); the average length of incision at INFIX nail placement on both sides were 2.7 cm (range, 2.2-3.5 cm); the average length of incisions at the pubic symphysis hollow nail placement was 0.8 cm (range, 0.6-1.2 cm) and the average number of X-ray projections was 38 times (range, 26-55 times). Postoperative X-ray and CT scan showed that all the hollow screws are located accurately and firmly, and pubic symphysis had good reduction and no infection occurred in the surgical incision at the screw placement site. Postoperative reduction quality was evaluated according to Matta radiological criteria, and there were excellent in 10 and good in 2, giving an excellent to good rate of 100% (12/12). The average follow-up time for the 12 patients was 12 months (range, 6-15 months). At the final follow-up, all patients showed fine fracture union and no looseness of pubic symphysis occurred according to imaging test. According to the Majeed criteria, the pelvic function was excellent in 8 cases, good in 3 cases and fair in 1 case, giving a good to excellent rate of 91.7% (11/12). One case developed symptoms of femoral nerve compression after surgery and returned to normal after removal of the INFIX. Another case had damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and the symptoms disappeared after three months.Conclusion:Using INFIX combined with hollow nail in the treatment of symphyseolysis can lead to more minimally invasive with excellent postoperative efficacy and markedly reduced the morbidity of complication.

Objective:To explore the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and preschoolers’ consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB).Methods:In June 2018, all preschoolers from 15 kindergartens were selected from the jurisdiction of Education Commission in Dongcheng District of Beijing by using an equal-proportion stratified cluster sampling method in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the parents of preschoolers to obtain the basic information of preschoolers and parents, the consumption situation of preschoolers’ sugar-sweetened beverages and the perception of parents to SSB. A tatol of 3 217 preschoolers were finally included in the analysis. A generalized structural equation model was used to analyze the relationship between preschoolers' consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their parents' socioeconomic status and the mediating effect of their cognition of sugar-sweetened beverages. The size of mediating effect was estimated by using deviation correction non-parameter percentile Bootstrap method.Results:The age of 3 217 preschoolers was (4.23±0.67) years, of which 52.6% ( n=1 692) were boys, and 77.62% ( n=2 497) were SSB consumers. Among the parents of 3 217 preschoolers, fathers and mothers accounted for 24.90% ( n=801) and 75.10% ( n=2 416), and the M ( P25, P75) scores of SES were 66.7 (62.5, 69.5) and 69.5 (64.6, 71.4), respectively. The proportion of parents who took the initiative to learn about their children's consumption of SSB, lacked confidence in restricting preschooler's consumption of SSB and read nutrition labels before purchasing food was 74.08% ( n=2 383), 82.90% ( n=2 667) and 36.24% ( n=1 166), respectively. The generalized structural equation model showed that after adjusting for preschoolers’ gender, age, body mass index (BMI) of preschoolers and their parents, preschoolers’ consumption of SSB was negatively associated with their parents’ SES score [path coefficient (95% CI):-4.69×10 -2 (-6.56×10 -2,-2.69×10 -2) ]. The mediating effect of parents’ perception of SSB consumption could explain 48.71% of the total effect [path coefficient (95% CI):-2.28×10 -2 (-3.54×10 -2, -1.10×10 -2)]. Conclusion:The consumption of SSB in preschoolers is negatively associated with their parent’s SES, and this relationship is partially mediated by parent’s perception of SSB consumption.