Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yiqi Tongluo Decoction in the intervention of early traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes after ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) intervention. Methods: From October 2020 to July 2023, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to include 60 patients with qi deficiency, blood stasis, and phlegm obstruction syndrome after ICVD interventional therapy. They were assigned to the Yiqi Tongluo Decoction treatment group (30 cases) and the TCM placebo routine treatment control group (30 cases) according to the randomized block design. Both groups received routine standardized treatment of Western medicine, including dual antiplatelet, lipid regulation, and control of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. The treatment group was treated with Yiqi Tongluo Decoction based on the control group. The course of treatment was 60 days and follow-up was carried out 2 and 6 months after the operation. The improvement of qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, phlegm syndrome score and TCM syndrome score, modified Rankin score (mRS), Barthel index (BI) score, Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) level, incidence of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke (IS) and incidence of adverse reactions, Head and neck CT angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination were collected. The clinical efficacy of the patients 2 months after the operation was taken as the main outcome index to preliminarily evaluate the early and long-term efficacy of Yiqi Tongluo Decoction after the ICVD intervention. The early and long-term clinical efficacy and safety of Western medicine standardized treatment combined with TCM Yiqi Tongluo Decoction on patients with qi deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm obstruction syndrome after ICVD intervention were evaluated. The safety of Yiqi Tongluo Decoction in the treatment of patients after ICVD intervention with white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), plasminogen time (PT), recurrence of cerebral ischaemia and restenosis in patients at 2 and 6 months after treatment were evaluated. Results: Compared to the control group, the TCM syndrome scores for qi deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm syndrome in the treatment group reduced significantly, the clinical efficacy improved significantly, the mRS score and FABP4 were reduced, and the BI score was increased. Adverse events such as cerebral ischaemia were fewer in the treatment group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant; levels of CRP, WBC and PT were reduced, and levels of FIB were reduced at 6 months post-treatment, all P<0.01, and images were intuitively compared. The treatment group was superior to the control group. Conclusion Yiqi Tongluo Decoction combined with Western medicine standard treatment can improve the early clinical efficacy of ICVD patients with qi deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm obstruction syndrome after interventional surgery, improve neurological impairment and daily living ability, reduce the state of qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome and phlegm syndrome after interventional surgery, and improve the clinical efficacy of TCM. At the same time, it can reduce the level of FABP4, the target of atherosclerosis and restenosis after interventional surgery, reduce the level of inflammation after interventional surgery in patients with ICVD, regulate coagulation function, and reduce the incidence of long-term recurrence of cerebral ischemia after interventional surgery, with good safety.

Important forensic diagnostic indicators of sudden death in coronary atherosclerotic heart dis-ease,such as acute or chronic myocardial ischemic changes,sometimes make it difficult to locate the ischemic site due to the short death process,the lack of tissue reaction time.In some cases,the de-ceased died of sudden death on the first-episode,resulting in difficulty for medical examiners to make an accurate diagnosis.However,clinical studies on coronary instability plaque revealed the key role of coronary spasm and thrombosis caused by their lesions in sudden coronary death process.This paper mainly summarizes the pathological characteristics of unstable coronary plaque based on clinical medi-cal research,including plaque rupture,plaque erosion and calcified nodules,as well as the influencing factors leading to plaque instability,and briefly describes the research progress and technique of the atherosclerotic plaques,in order to improve the study on the mechanism of sudden coronary death and improve the accuracy of the forensic diagnosis of sudden coronary death by diagnosing different patho-logic states of coronary atherosclerotic plaques.

Cells not only contain membrane-bound organelles (MBOs), but also membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by condensation of many biomacromolecules. Examples include RNA-protein granules such as nucleoli and PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) in the nucleus, as well as stress granules and P-bodies in the cytoplasm. Phase separation is the basic organizing principle of the form of the condensates or membraneless organelles (MLOs) of biomacromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalises and concentrates biological macromolecules into liquid condensates. It has been found that phase separation of biomacromolecules requires some typical intrinsic characteristics, such as intrinsically disordered regions, modular domains and multivalent interactions. The phase separation of biomacromolecules plays a key role in many important cell activities. In recent years, the phase separation of biomacromolecules phase has become a focus of research in gene transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional regulatory elements such as RNA polymerases, transcription factors (TFs), and super enhancers (SEs) all play important roles through phase separation. Our group has previously reported for the first time that long-term inactivation or absence of assembly factors leads to the formation of condensates of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) subunits in the cytoplasm, and this process is reversible, suggesting a novel regulatory model of eukaryotic transcription machinery. The phase separation of biomacromolecules provides a biophysical understanding for the rapid transmission of transcriptional signals by a large number of TFs. Moreover, phase separation during transcriptional regulation is closely related to the occurrence of cancer. For example, the activation of oncogenes is usually associated with the formation of phase separation condensates at the SEs. In this review, the intrinsic characteristics of the formation of biomacromolecules phase separation and the important role of phase separation in transcriptional regulation are reviewed, which will provide reference for understanding basic cell activities and gene regulation in cancer.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of non-inflatable transaxillary approach and transthoracic approach surgery for thyroid cancer,and analyze the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients.Methods The clinical data of 88 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from October 2019 to November 2022 were analyzed.They were divided into group A and B according to the surgical method.Forty-five patients in group A received complete endoscopic thyroidectomy through the non-inflatable axillary approach,while 43 patients in group B received endoscopic thyroidectomy through the thoracic approach.The perioperative indicators,satisfaction with surgical incision,postoperative pain,and incidence of complications of patients in the two groups were compared.And the main influence factors for the occurrence of complications were analyzed.Results The total satisfaction rate for surgical incision of patients in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05);while the intraoperative bleeding volume and postoperative drainage volume of patients in group A were significantly lower than those in group B(P<0.05).The VAS score 3 and 5 days after surgery were significantly lower than that 1 day after surgery(P<0.05),and the VAS score 5 days after surgery was lower than that 3 days after surgery(P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Logistic regression results showed that intraoperative bleeding volume was the independent influencing factor for postoperative complications(P<0.05).Conclusion Both non-inflatable transaxillary approach and transthoracic approach surgery are effective for thyroid cancer,but the non-inflatable transaxillary approach surgery has the advantages of concealed incision,higher postoperative aesthetics,and less intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative drainage volume and postoperative complications.Excessive intraoperative bleeding is the main factor leading to postoperative complications.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been widely used to predict various stages of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Models based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) can provide better ideas for the construction of PBPK models, which can accelerate the prediction speed and improve the prediction quality of PBPK. ML and AL can complement the advantages of PBPK model to accelerate the progress of drug research and development. This review introduces the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in pharmacokinetics, summarizes the research progress of physiological pharmacokinetic models based on machine learning and artificial intelligence, and analyzes the limitations of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications and their application prospects and prospects.

A new Schiff base fluorescence probe (E)-3-(4-(E)-((4-hydroxyphenyl) imino) methyl) phenyl)-1-(6-methoxynaphthal-2-yl) isopropyl-2-en-1-one (DFFH) was synthesized by using 6-methoxy-2-acetylnaphthalene as raw material. The probe was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR,13C NMR) and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS),etc. In the EtOH-H2O (1:4,V/V) system,the 4-hydroxyaniline portion of probe DFFH complexed with Fe3+to form a 1:1 metal complex,resulting in a significant decrease in fluorescence at 386 nm. In the DMSO-H2O (9:1,V/V,pH=5) system,N2H4 reacted with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group and underwent cyclization addition reaction,and at the same time,the cleavage of the imine bond released aldehyde group from the probe,showing a ratio type fluorescence recognition characteristices. The luminescence intensity of the probe solution decreased slightly upon the additon of Fe3+,and the probe solution changed from colourless to yellowish-brown with the addition of different concentrations of N2H4. Whereas the detection of Fe3+and N2H4 did not interfere with each other. The experimental results showed that probe DFFH had high sensitivity and selectivity toward Fe3+and N2H4,with detection limit of 34.0 nmol/L for Fe3+and 30.0 nmol/L for N2H4,respectively. Moreover,probe DFFH was applied to detection of the contents of Fe3+and N2H4 in actual water samples with satisfactory results,and the spiking recoveries were 96.5％～102.3％and 98.1％～103.0％,respectively.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of four-hook needle combined with holographic image in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for completely intrarenal tumors.Methods:The clinical data of 8 patients with completely intrarenal tumors treated by robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with four-hook needle combined with holographic image admitted to General Hospital of Central Theater Command from October 2023 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 males and 2 females, with average age of (44.5±12.0) years old. Tumors of 6 cases were in the left side and 2 cases in the right side. The maximum diameter of the tumor was (23.2±8.1) mm. The R. E.N.A.L. score was (9.0±1.4). The preoperative serum creatinine (Scr) was (73.1±14.7) μmol/L. CT-guided four-hook needle was used to locate the edge of completely intrarenal tumor before surgery. During the operation, the tumor was precisely resected under the guidance of hologram and four-hook needle. Perioperative data of patients were collected and analyzed.Results:All the tumor were successfully resected under the guidance of four-hook needle and hologram without conversion to radical nephrectomy or open surgery. The mean operative time was (117.0±14.5) min, the mean hot ischemia time was (20.2±5.1) min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was (75.0±17.3) ml, and the average hospitalization time was (9.5±1.3) days.The one week postoperative Scr was (73.2±14.8) μmol/L, which had no significant difference with that of before operation ( P=0.952). None of them received blood transfusion. The pathology results of 8 patients were clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and the surgical margins were negative. Conclusions:For completely intrarenal tumors, the four-hook needle combined with the hologram can guide the surgeon to quickly locate the tumor, accurately resect the tumor, reduce perioperative complications, and is safe and effective.

AIM To investigate the effects of stir-frying,processing with butter and carbonizing by stir-frying on oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.METHODS The volatile oils and fatty oils were extracted by steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively,after which the extraction rates were determined.GC-MS was applied to analyzing the kinds and relative contents of oil components,after which cluster analysis was performed.RESULTS After the processing,the two medicinal materials demonstrated increased extraction rates of fatty oils and decreased extraction rates of volatile oils(except for processing with butter),the extraction rates of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus were higher than those in Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis,and the reduced relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components were observable.CONCLUSION The kinds and relative contents of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis exist obvious differences,the former displays better medicinal quality,whose processing mechanism in alleviating dryness and strength may contribute to the reduction of relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components.

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical physiological process essential in maintaining skin homeostasis. Among the various forms of RCD, ferroptosis stands out due to its distinct features of iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and involvement of various inhibitory antioxidant systems. In recent years, an expanding body of research has solidly linked ferroptosis to the emergence of skin disorders. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in skin diseases is crucial for advancing therapy and prevention strategies. This review commences with a succinct elucidation of the mechanisms that underpin ferroptosis, embarks on a thorough exploration of ferroptosis’s role across a spectrum of skin conditions, encompassing melanoma, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vitiligo, and dermatological ailments precipitated by ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and scrutinizes the potential therapeutic benefits of pharmacological interventions aimed at modulating ferroptosis for the amelioration of skin diseases.

An innovative on-site real-time avian influenza virus(AIV)detection method was estab-lished by integratingrecombinase-aided amplification(RAA)with the clustered regularly inter-spaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)system.After analy-zing 120 sequences of the M gene of avian influenza viruses of different subtypes publicly available on NCBI,the RAA primers and crRNA were designed based on the identified highly conserved segment and used for RAA nucleic acid amplification.After the amplified products were transferred to a CRISPR/Cas13a detection system,the fluorescence values were monitored throughout the re-action process to indicate the results.The sensitivity and specificity of the RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a method were validated using gradient dilutions(106-100 copies/μL)of positive plasmids and sev-en other avian viruses.Fifty clinical samples were tested using this method and compared with the national standard fluorescence RT-PCR method.The results indicated that the detection limit for RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a method was 102 copies/μL,a two-fold improvement over the standard RAA.Specificity assay showed the established method only detected AIV with no cross-reactivity with other seven avian viruses.Compared to the national standard fluorescence RT-PCR method,this method exhibited 100％specificity,95.24％accuracy,and 98.00％consistency in detection of clinical samples.In conclusion,a universal and rapid RAA-CRISPR/Cas13a for detection of AIV was established with the capacity of achieving detection within 60 minutes at 37 ℃,which provides a rapid,sensitive,and specific on-site detection method for AIV.