Objective To comprehensively excavate and analyze the research status,research hotspots and future trends of the literature related to the field of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for pain treatment in the CNKI database.Methods We searched the CNKI database from its establishment to June 2022,and scientifically analyzed the authors,keywords,and institutions of the included literature of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for pain treatment through specific algorithms of Citespace to generate a visual knowledge map.Results A total of 319 documents were included for statistical analysis,the number of publications in the field of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for the treatment of pain was generally on the rise,the number of publications by various authors was on the low side,and there was a lack of co-operation between the research teams,with the main institutions being the Guang'anmen Hospital,Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical Universities of Nationalities and the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,forming a 10-keyword clustering,and the hotspots of diseases under study were mainly mixed haemorrhoids,postoperative pain,low back and leg pain and dysmenorrhoea,etc..The main interventions were pure acupoint catgut embedding therapy and the combination of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and other acupuncture therapies,and the main research method was clinical research.Conclusion Acupoint catgut embedding therapy for the treatment of pain has a good development prospect,the future needs to deepen the clinical research,strengthen the mechanism research,pay attention to the joint use of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and other traditional Chinese medicine methods,and pay attention to the research of different thread materials.

There seems to be a contradiction among the symptoms of"non-thirst"and"thirst after oral use of the decoction"stated in original text 41 of Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Febrile Diseases)and the symptom of"probable thirst"stated in original text 40.In this article,the symptoms of thirst or non-thirst in the syndrome of Xiao Qinglong Decoction were expounded through the analysis of the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine about body fluid metabolism and the pathogenic mechanism of thirst,and by synthesizing the relevant articles recorded in Jin Gui Yao Lve(Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)and the understanding of the syndrome of Xiao Qinglong Decoction by later generations of practitioners.After that,the following views are put forward:non-thirst symptom is the primary sympton of the syndrome of Xiao Qinglong Decoction,which results from the disease;thirst after oral use of the decoction is due to drug-induced thirst,which can be classified into the category of physiological thirst;probable thirst symptom is related with fluid consumption by febrile disease,indicating that the disease involves yangming.The analysis of the symptoms of thirst or non-thirst in the syndrome of Xiao Qinglong Decoction is helpful for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy,and can also be used as the indications of modified medications and differential diagnosis of the disease.The exploration will provide references for the clinical use of Xiao Qinglong Decoction and will be beneficial to improving the clinical efficacy of Xiao Qinglong Decoction.

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that young individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face challenges in achieving optimal diabetes self-management, leading to difficulties in attaining the recommended glycaemic target. The reasons behind these suboptimal practices remain unclear due to the limited number of studies conducted in Malaysia that focused on diabetes self-management among young people. This qualitative study aimed to understand the lived experience of young people with T2DM on self-management in Malaysia. Methods: Young people at the age of 10 to 24 years, who had been diagnosed with T2DM and the caregivers who managing young people with T2DM were interviewed. Data were thematically analysed with the aid of QSR NVivo version 12. Results: Sixteen young informants and eleven caregivers participated in this study. Three major themes conceptualised the lived experience of diabetes self-management: (1) the trajectory to T2DM diagnosis; (2) perceived causes of T2DM; (3) the efforts in diabetes self-management. The route of diagnosis and experiential knowledge about T2DM might determine their efforts in the self-management among the young people. Healthy eating, medication taking and physical activity were perceived as important tasks in diabetes self-management. The involvement of the caregivers in diabetes self-management evolved over time. Conclusion: The study highlighted the experience of young people and caregivers since the beginning of the diagnosis and their strategies in diabetes self-management. More understanding of the lived experiences of patients and caregivers in disease management within the socio-ecological context could help to improve health-care services and intervention for this population.

Objective: To explore the expression and clinical significance of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and provide a research basis for targeted therapy of HDAC5. Methods: Screening sample data of OSCC patients in TCGA database, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of HDAC5 in OSCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was also used to analyze the correlation between HDAC5 and the prognosis of OSCC patients. Further, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to explore the potential role of HDAC5 in OSCC. Finally, the study was approved by the ethics committee and the expression level of HDAC5 in OSCC was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while the relationship between HDAC5 and the clinical pathological characteristics of OSCC patients was analyzed. Results: The expression of HDAC5 can be used to assess the prognosis of OSCC patients (AUC=0.743). High expression of HDAC5 was significantly correlated with low survival probability in OSCC patients (P < 0.05). OSCC patients with high HDAC5 expression in G3/G4 pathological grading (P=0.022), OSCC patients with high HDAC5 expression in the T3/T4 stage (P=0.028), and OSCC patients with high HDAC5 expression in lymph node metastasis (P=0.019) had lower survival probability. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that genes differentially expressed with HDAC5 were mainly enriched in axon generation, neuronal cell body formation, collagen fiber synthesis, neuroactive ligand receptor interactions, gated channel activity, and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathways (P < 0.05). The IHC results showed that HDAC5 was highly expressed in OSCC (P < 0.05). The high expression group of HDAC5 had higher T staging (P=0.041) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.010). Conclusion HDAC5 is highly expressed in OSCC and can predict the prognosis of OSCC, and HDAC5 could serve as a therapeutic target for OSCC.

Objective To design and test the reliability and validity of patient admission nursing assessment sheet of integrated Chinese and westem medicine ward.Methods On the basis of literature research,with traditional Chinese medicine"look,hear,ask and pulse-taking"as the basic framework,physical discrimination as the evaluation outcome,combined with the general nursing evaluation points of patients admitted to hospital,we designed the patient admission nursing assessment sheet of integrated Chinese and westem medicine ward,and then we adopted the Delphi method to conduct an inquiry on the draft of the admission sheet.In April 2022,3 clinical nurses were selected to evaluate 160 admitted patients from Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Department of a tertiary A comprehensive hospital in Hubei Province,and Fleiss'Kappa coefficient and content validity coefficient were used to test the reliability and validity.Results The recovery rates of the 2 rounds of expert correspondence questionnaires were 95.45％and 100％.The authority coefficients were 0.931 and 0.957;the Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.101 and 0.106(P＜0.01);the importance scores of articles were 4.13～4.82;the coefficient of variation was 0.07～0.19 in 2nd round of expert correspondence.The final nursing assessment list for inpatients in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine ward included 3 parts:general demographic data assessment,four-Chinese medicine diagnosis assessment/physical discrimination,and nursing risk assessment,and there are 32 evaluation contents in the assessment sheet.The Fleiss'Kappa coefficient of this assessment sheet was 0.602(P＜0.001);the item content validity index was 0.857～1.000,and the overall content validity index was 0.920.Conclusion The admission nursing assessment sheet for inpatients in integrated Chinese and Westem medicine wards has good reliability and validity,and it is suitable for the integrated Chinese and Westem medicine wards.

Leonurine(SCM-198)was discovered as one of the active constituents of the Herba Leonuri(HL).Now it can be artificially synthesized.Several recent researches has proven that it exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in several systems in animal models and cell culture in vitro.The key mechanism involves downgrading the activity of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB),thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of several signal pathways such as PI3K/Akt,MAPK,ERK,and JNK,or upregulating the activity of Nrf2 related pathways,resulting in downregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2),chemokines,adhesion molecules,etc.Owing to the advantages of high safety and efficiency,the ease of administration,as well as its effectiveness in many organs and systems,leonurine has a widely prospect for future research and clinical applications.This article reviews the progress in the fundamental research of leonurine in multiple inflammation-related disease,and it could be expect to offer new possibilities for the treatment of these disease.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery.Methods:A case-series study was conducted.Based on the clinical data of children diagnosed with anomalous origin of the coronary artery at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to January 2023, the diseases of different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery were summarized.Results:A total of 177 children with anomalous origin of the coronary artery were treated.Among them, 122 children developed the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), including 54 males and 68 females, with a median age of 1.2 years; 6 children developed the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA), including 3 males and 3 females, with a median age of 4.3 years; 9 children developed the anomalous left coronary artery from the right coronary sinus (ALCA), including 6 males and 3 females, with a median age of 9.5 years; 40 children developed the anomalous right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus (ARCA), including 24 males and 16 females, with a median age of 7.7 years.Most children diagnosed with ALCAPA had onset within 1 year of age, with chronic heart failure as the main manifestation, and young children were often accompanied by severe mitral regurgitation.A total of 111 children underwent surgery, and 11 children died.Six children with ARCAPA had no obvious clinical symptoms and were treated by operation according to the principle of double coronary circulation after diagnosis.Nine children with ALCA started with syncope, chest pain or abdominal pain after exercise.Eight of the children underwent surgical treatment, including 1 who received a heart transplant.Of the 40 children with ARCA, 23 children had clinical manifestations, with chest tightness, syncope, and chest pain after exercise as chief complaints; 16 children were tested positive for treadmill exercise before surgery; and a total of 13 children received surgical treatment.Conclusions:Different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery vary in severity.The clinical manifestations of the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery are generally serious, and most of such patients have the risk of cardiac insufficiency or sudden death.Once diagnosed, surgical treatment should be performed timely.The clinical manifestations of the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery are relatively mild, and only a few may have serious consequences, which are usually treated according to the principle of individualization or double coronary circulation.

Objective To explore the clinical value of red blood cell volume distribution width coefficient of variation(RDW-CV),serum interleukin-11(IL-11)and interleukin-31(IL-31)in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease(ILD).Methods Prospectively selected 46 ILD patients admitted to the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from November 2022 to October 2023 were set as ILD group,40 patients with community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)as CAP group,and 35 healthy examiners as control group.The ILD group was further divided into idiopathic interstitial pneumonia(IIP)subgroup(n=30)and connective tissue disease-related ILD(CTD-ILD)subgroup(n=16)based on clinical diagnosis.General and clinical data of each group were recorded,and RDW-CV and serum IL-11 and IL-31 levels were detected in each group.The ILD group was tested for alveolar arterial oxygen pressure difference(AaDO2)and arterial blood oxygen pressure(PaO2),and calculated the oxygenation index(OI).The correlation between the levels of RDW-CV,IL-11 and IL-31 and the severity of ILD were analyzed to explore the value of the above indicators in the clinical diagnosis of ILD and the differential diagnosis of different types of ILD.Results Compared with control group,there was no statistically significant difference in general information such as age,gender,smoking history,and complications between the ILD and CAP groups(P>0.05);RDW-CV,absolute values of neutrophil count(NEUT),and serum IL-11 and IL-31 levels in ILD group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with CAP group,the levels of RDW-CV and serum IL-11,IL-31 in ILD group were increased,while the level of serum C-reactive protein(CRP)was decreased,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Correlation analysis results showed that RDW-CV and serum IL-31 in ILD patients were negatively correlated with OI(P<0.05),and positively correlated with AaDO2(P<0.05).The area under the ROC curves(AUC)of RDW-CV and serum IL-11,IL-31 single and combined applications for diagnosing ILD were 0.770,0.666,0.646,and 0.854,respectively(P<0.05).The AUC of serum IL-11 for differential diagnosis of CTD-ILD and IIP was 0.727(95%CI 0.580-0.874),with sensitivity of 62.5%and specificity of 73.3%(P<0.05).Conclusions RDW-CV and serum IL-31 have certain value in assessing the severity of ILD.RDW-CV and serum IL-11 and IL-31 have certain value in the diagnosis of ILD.Serum IL-11 has certain value in the differential diagnosis between CTD-ILD and IIP.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To monitor the antifungal resistance of clinical isolates of Candida spp.in the East China region.Methods MALDI-TOF MS or molecular methods were used to re-identify the strains collected from January 2018 to December 2022.Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method.The susceptibility test results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of 2022 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)documents M27 M44s-Ed3 and M57s-Ed4.Results A total of 3 026 strains of Candida were collected,65.33％of which were isolated from sterile body sites,mainly from blood(38.86％)and pleural effusion/ascites(10.21％).The predominant species of Candida were Candida albicans(44.51％),followed by Candida parapsilosis complex(19.46％),Candida tropicalis(13.98％),Candida glabrata(10.34％),and other Candida species(0.79％).Candida albicans showed overall high susceptibility rates to the 10 antifungal drugs tested(the lowest rate being 93.62％).Only 2.97％of the strains showed dose-dependent susceptibility(SDD)to fluconazole.Candida parapsilosis complex had a SDD rate of 2.61％and a resistance rate of 9.42％to fluconazole,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida glabrata had a SDD rate of 92.01％and a resistance rate of 7.99％to fluconazole,resistance rates of 32.27％and 48.24％to posaconazole and voriconazole non-wild-type strains(NWT),respectively,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida tropicalis had resistance rates of 29.55％and 26.24％to fluconazole and voriconazole,respectively,resistance rates of 76.60％and 21.99％to posaconazole and echinocandins non-wild-type strains(NWT),and a resistance rate of 2.36％to echinocandins.Conclusions The prevalence and species distribution of Candida spp.in the East China region are consistent with previous domestic and international reports.Candida glabrata exhibits certain degree of resistance to fluconazole,while Candida tropicalis demonstrates higher resistance to triazole drugs.Additionally,echinocandins resistance has emerged in Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,and Candida parapsilosis.