ObjectiveTo analyze the adverse reactions associated with the clinical use of Banxia （Rhizoma Pinelliae）- Wutou （Aconitum） in the same formula， with the aim of providing a reference for the safety of their clinical application. MethodsLiterature on the clinical application of antagonistic herbs "Banxia-Wutou" used in the same formula， published from January 1st， 2014， to June 30th， 2023， was retrieved from databases including CNKI， VIP， Wanfang， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， and Embase. A database was established， and information related to adverse reactions was extracted， including descriptions， classifications， specific manifestations， management and outcomes， patients' primary diseases （western medicine diseases and traditional Chinese medicine diagnoses and syndromes）， and medication information （dosage， ratio， administration routes， and dosage forms）. ResultsA total of 79 researches simultaneously used antagonistic herbs Banxia-Wutou in the same formula and reported associated advers reactions. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions were the most common， with 8 studies reporting management of adverse reactions and 3 studies reporting improvement with no intervention. Among the 11 researches， the adverse reaction relieved to extant， while other 69 researches didn't report the managment of adverse reaction and its prognosis. For the primary disease in western medicine system， chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） were most common， while gastric pain was the most common symptom in traditional Chinese medicine with spleen and kidney deficiency and spleen stomach cold deficiency being the most frequent syndromes. The most common Banxia dosage was 10 g， while for the Wutou， Fuzi （Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata） was predominant with the highest dose at 15 g. The most frequent herbal combination was Banxia-fuzi， with a 1∶1 ratio. The main administration route was oral， and the primary dosage form was decoction. ConclusionGastrointestinal adverse reactions are the most common in the clinical use of Banxia-Wutou antagonistic herb combinations. Research on the safety of "Banxia-Wutou" combinations should focus on respiratory system diseases and spleen-stomach related conditions.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness for the construction of the "mosquito-free village" in Jinzishan Village, Fuling District, Chongqing Municipality, so as to provide references for improving mosquito control practices in hilly and mountainous rural areas. Methods: The "mosquito-free village" initiative in Fuling District was launched in April 2023. Mosquito density monitoring was conducted annually from April to October. Larval mosquito density was monitored using the path method and scoop-catch method, and adult mosquito density was monitored using human-baited landing catch. One hundred and fifty-two villagers were randomly conducted before the "mosquito-free village" construction (April 2023) and one hundred and sixty-seven villagers were randomly conducted after the construction (November 2024). Knowledge awareness rate and correct behavioral practices regarding mosquito control among villagers were assessed. The satisfaction among villagers were evaluated in November 2024. The effectiveness of the initiative was evaluated based on mosquito density data, health education outcomes from 2023 to 2024, and satisfaction. Results: The average larval mosquitoes path index in Jinshanzi Village decreased from 1.50 spots/km in 2023 to 0.07 spots/km in 2024 (P<0.05). The average sampling spoon index of larval mosquitoes decreased from 3.43% in 2023 to 0 in 2024. The average landing rate index of adult mosquitoes decreased from 3.90 mosquitoes/(person·time) in 2023 to 0.38 mosquitoes/(person·time) in 2024 (P<0.05). The awareness rate of mosquito control knowledge and the formation rate of correct behaviors among villagers increased from 59.87% and 57.24% in 2023 to 92.22% and 90.42% in 2024, respectively (both P<0.05). In 2024, the satisfaction of villagers was 92.81%. Conclusion The mosquito density, health education effectiveness, and satisfaction of villagers in Jinzishan Village have all met the evaluation criteria for a "mosquito-free village", providing a replicable model for promotion in hilly and mountainous rural areas.

The construction of experimental animal models plays an important supporting role in research into the mechanisms of action of Chinese medicines.There have been increasing reports of the construction and evaluation of animal models of spleen deficiency;however,the construction method have involved different standards and there has been insufficient objectification of the evaluation indexes.In this review,we summarize the construction and evaluation method of animal models of spleen deficiency from the aspects of animal selection,model establishment,macroscopic characterization,behavioral experiments,and objective indexes of spleen deficiency,with a view to providing theoretical guidance for the construction of experimental animal models of spleen deficiency and references for the selection of animal model platforms for spleen deficiency.

Objective This study aimed to develop an experimental animal platform for evaluating the feasibility and safety of intelligent acupuncture robots and to lay the foundation for further research.Methods Six 2-month-old Guangxi Bama miniature pigs were used as experimental subjects for acupuncture verification after anesthesia.First,manual acupuncture verification was carried out.Six acupoints were selected for each experimental animal and the needles were left for 20 min after the lifting,inserting,and twisting manipulation.Before and after controls were included.The experiment was carried out for 28 days,and each experiment was conducted once every 2 days for a total of 10 times.After verification of manual acupuncture,a point 10 mm from each of the six selected acupoints was selected,with a total of 12 points,and acupuncture operations were carried out on the experimental animals using the intelligent acupuncture module of the acupuncture robot at different frequencies and angles,to further verify the stability and feasibility of the animal platform.Results Routine safety-related blood indicators and blood biochemistry indicators after the procedure were normal and stable compared with those before the procedure.The average heart rate of the animals was 124 beats/min,the average blood pressure was 87/36 mmHg,and the average body temperature of was 36℃at a room temperature of 25℃,with no significant change in body temperature during and after the experiment.On the basis of this experimental platform,acupuncture manipulation using the intelligent acupuncture module of the acupuncture robot was completed successfully,with no abnormalities related to acupuncture such as bending,breaking,or stagnation of needles during the experimental process,and the experimental animals showed no obvious abnormalities.Conclusions This study established a stable experimental animal platform for evaluating the feasibility and safety of acupuncture carried out by intelligent acupuncture robots,based on the existing experimental method of miniature pigs.These result lay a foundation for further research related to the use of intelligent acupuncture robots.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Yangyin Shengji Enteric Capsules;To determine the contents of gentiopicrin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin,liquiritin,berberine hydrochloride,evodiamine and rutecarpine;To provide a reference for the quality control.Methods The formula medicine was hydrolyzed and ethanol precipitated according to the preparation process.The capsule contents were dissolved in 70%methanol for sample preparation and analyzed on an Agilent 5 HC-C18(2)chromatographic column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1%aqueous phosphoric acid,with gradient elution;the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the column temperature was 30℃;and the detection wavelength was 230 nm.The results were analyzed by clustering analysis,similarity evaluation and principal component analysis(PCA)using OriginPro 2021,Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System(2012 edition),SIMCA 14.1 software and SPSS 25.0 statistical software.Results The HPLC fingerprints of Yangyin Shengji Enteric Capsules and the method of simultaneous determination of 7 active components were established.The fingerprints of 13 batches of samples were calibrated with 25 common peaks with good similarity(r≥0.994);Clustering analysis and PCA classified the 13 batches of samples into 2 categories.The 7 ingredients had good linear relationships in their respective ranges(r≥0.999 1);the recoveries ranged from 95.77%to 103.80%with the RSD values of 1.0%to 2.5%.Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprinting and content determination analytical methods are simple,reliable and reproducible,which can provide a basis for comprehensive and effective control of the quality of Yangyin Shengji Enteric Capsules.

Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.

Objective:To optimize the alcohol precipitation process of Quhan Zhufeng Granules.Methods:Taking the volume fraction of ethanol, the relative density of the concentrated solution and the standing time as the investigation factors, the Z value of the total evaluation of gentiopicrin content, oleanolic acid content and dry paste yield of gentiana macrophylla as the evaluation indexes, the star-point design-response surface method was used to optimize the alcohol precipitation process.Results:The optimal the alcohol precipitation process of Quhan Zhufeng Granules: concentration relative density 1.08 g/ml (90-95 ℃), alcohol precipitation at the end of volume fraction of 62% ethanol, standing for 16 h.Conclusion:The alcohol precipitation process using overall desirability and central composite design is stable and feasible, and has good predictability, which can provide experimental basis for further scale production.

BACKGROUND:Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a progressive disease leading to dysfunction in the middle-aged and elderly,and early diagnosis is difficult.In recent years,some clinical scholars have found that dynamic magnetic resonance imaging technology can detect spinal cord compression in a dynamic position earlier,but its specific biomechanical mechanism needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biomechanical compression characteristics of early cervical spondylotic myelopathy in hyperextension and flexion position,and to verify the effectiveness of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of early cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was made on the patients who underwent cervical dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the Department of Orthopedics of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine from January to June 2022.16 subjects were selected and divided into two groups.The pathological group included 8 patients with early cervical spondylotic myelopathy with hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum as the main sign,with 5 male patients and 3 female patients.The normal group included 8 normal degenerative people,with 4 male patients and 4 female patients.All patients were photographed with cervical CT plain scan,magnetic resonance imaging plain scan,and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging plain scan.This study was divided into the following three parts:(1)collect the dynamic magnetic resonance imaging image DCOM data of two groups of subjects,and collect the cervical vertebra CT and neutral magnetic resonance imaging image DCOM data to understand the bone and soft tissue of the two groups of subjects in the neutral position.(2)Based on the DCOM data of magnetic resonance imaging and CT plain scan,the three-dimensional finite element models of lower cervical vertebra(C3-7)of normal degenerative population and early cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients were established by reverse engineering software.The equivalent stress and equivalent elastic strain of the spinal cord and posterior dura were analyzed,and the distribution of stress and strain was observed.(3)After obtaining the stress and strain data,the data between groups were compared to analyze the mechanical characteristics of spinal cord compression caused by early cervical spondylotic myelopathy in a dynamic position and to verify the effectiveness of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of early cervical spondylotic myelopathy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)When simulating the posterior extension,flexion and neutral position of the lower cervical vertebrae(C3-7)in the two groups,the values of stress and strain in the posterior part of the spinal cord were in the following order:extension>flexion>neutral(P<0.05).The strain values from large to small were as follows:extension>flexion>neutral(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the normal degenerative population model,the equivalent stress and strain of the spinal cord in the pathological group were higher than those in the normal group under two degrees of freedom of flexion and extension(P<0.05).The distribution area of stress and strain in the posterior part of the spinal cord was irregular.(3)In the neutral position,there was no significant difference in the strain value of the spinal cord between the two groups(P>0.05),and the strain distribution was uniform and regular.(4)It is indicated that in the cervical extension position,the dural sac and the posterior part of the spinal cord were compressed and deformed in the early cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients with the hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum as the main sign,and the degree of compression deformation of the spinal cord was significantly higher than that in the anterior flexion position and neutral position.In the neutral position,there were no obvious signs of spinal cord deformation in patients with early cervical spondylotic myelopathy.This study verified the role of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of early cervical spondylotic myelopathy from the point of view of biomechanics.

ObjectiveDepression is common in patients with primary biliary cholangitis （PBC）， but the role of depression in disease progression remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between depression and treatment response and the impact of depression on liver cirrhosis in PBC patients. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 141 patients with PBC who attended the outpatient service of autoimmune liver diseases in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 and received standard ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA） monotherapy for 1 year， and 170 healthy controls， matched for age and sex， who underwent physical examination in Physical Examination Center were enrolled as healthy control group. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 （PHQ-9） was used to evaluate depressive state in the patients with PBC and the healthy controls. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The binary logistic regression model and the decision tree model were used to analyze the influencing factors for liver cirrhosis in patients with PBC， as well as the influence of depression and the HLA-DRB1 gene on liver cirrhosis. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， the area under the ROC curve （AUC）， and goodness of fit were used to evaluate model performance. All 13 variables were used to establish a classification and regression tree （CART） model， i.e.， age， sex， PHQ-9 score， the DRB1^*03∶01 gene， and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase， aspartate aminotransferase， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， total bilirubin， immunoglobulin G， immunoglobulin M （IgM）， C3， and C4. The indications including AUC， sensitivity， and specificity were used to evaluate the performance of CART model in the model cohort. ResultsCompared with the normal control group， the PBC group had a significantly higher proportion of the patients with depression （53.9% vs 15.3%， χ²=57.836， P<0.001）. Compared with the PBC patients without depression， the PBC patients with depression had a significantly poorer response to UDCA treatment （χ²=7.549， P=0.006） and significant increases in the serum levels of ALP （Z=-2.157， P=0.031）， GGT （Z=-2.180， P=0.029）， and IgM （Z=-2.000， P=0.046）. Compared with the PBC patients without depression， the PBC patients carrying the HLA-DRB1^*03∶01 allele had a significant increase in the risk of liver cirrhosis （P<0.001）. The binary logistic regression model analysis showed that PHQ-9 score （OR=1.148， 95%CI： 1.050 — 1.255， P=0.002）， the HLA-DRB1^*03∶01 gene （OR=5.150， 95%CI： 1.362 — 19.478， P=0.016）， age （OR=1.057， 95%CI： 1.009 — 1.106， P=0.018）， and serum ALP level （OR=1.009， 95%CI： 1.001 — 1.017， P=0.020） were independent risk factors for liver cirrhosis in patients with PBC. The decision tree analysis showed that PHQ-9 score ≥3.5 was also a risk factor for liver cirrhosis in PBC patients. ConclusionDepression is associated with poor treatment response in patients with PBC， and it is an independent risk factor for liver cirrhosis in patients with PBC. This study highlights the important clinical significance of the identification and early management of depressive state in patients with PBC.

Child ; Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; East Asian People ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics* ; Methyltransferases/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Wilms Tumor/pathology*