Objective: To understand the subjective and objective comfort evaluations of students from different age groups on desks and chairs, so as to provide reference for standardized allocation and use of desks and chairs. Methods: From January to April 2024, a total of 2 446 students were selected from 26 schools in 13 districts (counties/cities) in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Wuxi from Jiangsu Province by using cluster random method, including students in kindergartens, primary schools, junior high schools,senior high schools, colleges and universities. Standardized procedures were used to measure the height and weight of participants, and the matching desks and chairs models were selected according to the height. The subjective comfort of students on matching desks and chairs was investigated, and their objective comfort was evaluated by using a self designed questionnaire. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the differences of subjective perception and objective evaluation in comfort between different types of desks and chairs. Results: About 84.1% of the students subjectively thought that large desks and small chairs were very comfortable or relatively comfortable, followed by large desks and chairs (75.7%), and the proportion of small desks and chairs was the lowest among the three types (46.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=722.46, P <0.01). The reporting rates of primary school, junior high school and senior high school students who subjectively considered large desks and chairs to be very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of other types of desks and chairs, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=297.49, 252.82, 343.67, P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the subjective comfort evaluation of different types of desks and chairs among kindergarten children ( χ 2=3.21, P >0.05), and 66.3% of the students in colleges and universities felt very comfortable/relatively comfortable when they used the matching standard desks and chairs. The objective evaluation results of the comfort for the three types of desks and chairs were consistent with the subjective evaluation, but the proportions of the objective evaluation as very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of the subjective evaluation ( χ 2=20.76- 813.47, P <0.01). Conclusions Large desks and chairs, as well as large desks with small chairs are perceived comfortable, while small desks and chairs are perceived less comfortable. It is recommended to match the large desks and chairs or large desks and small chairs that are suitable for them according to the "standard", to promote physical and mental health of students.

Objective: To investigate the differences in the comfort of desks and chairs furniture among students with different body types according to the standard, so as to provide a reference for guiding students with overweight and obesity to choose the correct study furniture and revising the standards. Methods: From January to April 2024, 2 443 students from 26 schools in 13 districts (counties/cities) in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Jiangsu Province were selected by the cluster random sampling method to conduct physical examination. The subjective and objective evaluations of the comfort of height matched desks and chairs were investigated. The students were divided into non overweight, overweight, and obesity groups according to relevant criteria, and stratified analysis was performed. The χ 2 test was used to analyze differences in the comfort evaluations of desks and chairs among students with different body types. Results: Among the 2 443 students surveyed, 16.7% and 12.6% were respectively classified as overweight and obese. All students assigned the highest comfort ratings to large desks and small chairs (84.1%), and consistency was observed between students subjective and objective evaluations. The reporting rate of samll desks and chairs of obesity students subjective evaluation was lower (36.8%) than that of overweight and non overweight/obesity students (52.1%, 48.0%) ( χ 2=14.63, P <0.01). The overweight and obese group of primary school students had a worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs and small desks and chairs than those of the non overweight and obese groups( χ 2=15.78, 7.63, P <0.05). Among high school students, the overweight and obese group had worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs, as well as large desks and small chairs, than those of the non-overweight and obese groups( χ 2=9.62, 11.77, P <0.05). The objective evaluations revealed low compliance ratings on the posture of the thighs and calves for naturally forming an angle greater than 90° (55.6%), and headroom height under the table (50.3%) with small desks and chairs ( χ 2=94.05, 166.47, P <0.05). Conclusions Compared with non overweight/obese students, students with overweight and obese students report poor comfort evaluations of height matched desks and chairs. Revision of the standard should consider the body types of students, and evaluations of the comfort of desks and chairs furniture by students with overweight and obesity should be improved.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of 3.0T magnetic resonance with high b-value diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for endometrial carcinoma (EC).Methods:The clinical data of 118 patients with suspected endometrial lesions were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 83 cases were pathologically diagnosed as EC (EC group), and 35 cases were diagnosed as complex or atypical hyperplasia (endometrial hyperplasia group). In addition, 47 patients with normal endometrial (normal endometrial group) in the same period were selected. All patients underwent 3.0T MRI conventional T 2-weighted imaging (T 2WI) and multiple b-value (0, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000 and 4 000 s/mm 2) DWI scans. The endometrial signal intensity on different b-value DWI was measured. The b-value-endometrial signal intensity curve was drawn, and the decline degree of endometrial signal intensity was calculated. Results:When b-value was 300, 400, 600 and 800 s/mm 2, there was no significant difference in endometrial signal intensity among the three groups ( P>0.05); when b-value was 1 000, 2 000, 3 000 and 4 000 s/mm 2, the signal intensity in EC group was significantly higher than that in normal endometrial group and endometrial hyperplasia group (456.1 ± 119.4 vs. 371.3 ± 99.9 and 381.6 ± 184.8, 284.2 ± 91.9 vs. 163.2 ± 46.5 and 191.4 ± 110.8, 196.7 ± 72.4 vs. 103.7 ± 30.9 and 129.4 ± 83.1, 151.6 ± 54.8 vs. 74.6 ± 20.8 and 101.1 ± 60.7), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); while there was no significant difference between normal endometrial group and endometrial hyperplasia group ( P>0.05). The results of b-value-endometrial signal intensity curve showed that the decrease of endometrial signal intensity in EC group was significantly lower than that in normal endometrial group and endometrial hyperplasia group (0.79 ± 0.05 vs. 0.90 ± 0.03 and 0.87 ± 0.04), the index in endometrial hyperplasia group was significantly lower than that in normal endometrial group, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:High b-value DWI is useful for the differentiation of benign and malignant endometrial lesions, and it can improve the qualitative diagnostic value of EC.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in children.Methods:A total of 35 cases of GCTB diagnosed at Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School from 2016 to 2023 were collected, and a retrospective analysis of clinicopathological features and imaging findings was conducted.Results:Pediatric GCTB accounted for approximately 4.6% of total GCTB cases during the study period. There were 11 males and 24 females. The onset age ranged from 9 to 18 years (mean age 15 years, median age 16 years), with 8 cases (8/35, 22.9%) experiencing postoperative recurrence. Twenty-eight cases (28/35, 80%) primarily affected long bones, while 7 cases involved small or irregular bones. Imaging revealed osteolytic changes as the predominant feature, with 3 cases exhibited open physis, one of which had the tumor primarily at the diaphysis without crossing the physis. Histologically, pediatric GCTB resembled adult cases, characterized by mononuclear cells and osteoclast-like giant cells. Seven cases with denosumab treatment demonstrated degrees of giant cell disappearance, increased fibrous tissue and reactive bone proliferation in the stroma. One case was diagnosed as pediatric multicentric GCTB, and three cases as pediatric primary malignant GCTB, with malignant transformation into osteosarcoma. In all 35 cases, mutations in the H3F3A gene were identified, comprising 32 cases with H3.3 p.G34W mutations, one case with H3.3 p.G34V mutation, and 2 cases with H3.3 p.G34L mutations. Notably, the former two categories were successfully validated at the protein level through immunohistochemical staining, utilizing highly specific antibodies tailored for these mutation types: H3.3 p.G34W antibody and H3.3 p.G34V antibody. However, immunohistochemical staining was not available for the last category.Conclusions:Pediatric GCTB predominantly affects females and occurs primarily in long bones, mainly around the knee joint, the majority of tumors predominantly arise in the epiphysis and extend into the metaphysis; however, in cases where the epiphyseal plates are still unclosed, the tumors may be restricted to the metaphysis. Detection of H3F3A gene mutation is crucial for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pediatric GCTB.

Purpose: The association of physical activity with the risk of bladder cancer remains inconsistent among Asian populations. We aimed to examine the association in a large Japanese cohort. Materials and Methods: In a population-based prospective cohort study, a total of 50,374 Japanese adults aged 40-79 years without a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease who had information on physical activity from self-administrated questionnaires were used for analysis. We performed Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident bladder cancer after adjusting for several potential confounders. Results: During the median 17.5 years of follow-up, 153 incident bladder cancers (116 men and 37 women) were identified. After the multivariable adjustment, HRs (95% CI) of bladder cancer concerning those with recreational sports participation of 1-2 hr/wk, 3-4 hr/wk, and 5 hr/wk and more were 0.67 (0.38-1.20), 0.79 (0.36-1.74), and 0.28 (0.09-0.89), respectively (p for trend=0.017). Compared with mostly sitting at the workplace, occupational physical activity of standing and walking were associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.85]). Hours of daily walking were not associated with the risk. The lower risk of bladder cancer was more evident for recreational sports (HR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.10 to 1.00]), and for occupational standing and walking activity at work (HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.98]) among men. Conclusion Recreational sports participation and occupational physical activity were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among Japanese, especially in men.

Objective:To summarize the thoracic and abdominal CT presentations after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) and to analyze its significance in the evaluation and management of postoperative complications.Methods:Data of 82 patients who underwent gastrointestinal EFR at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and received a chest and/or abdominal CT within 1 week from September 2016 to September 2021 were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into the intervention group ( n=38) and the control group ( n=44) according to the presence or absence of special postoperative interventions or prolonged hospital stays. The differences in the incidence of abnormal CT presentations between the two groups were analyzed. Risk factors for abnormal CT presentation were explored by multifactorial analysis. Results:Among the 82 patients, the main CT presentations were pneumoperitoneum in 51 patients (62.2%), abdominal and pelvic effusion in 30 patients (36.6%), pneumothorax in 5 (6.1%), pleural effusion in 43 (52.4%), and pulmonary inflammation in 16 (19.5%). The incidence of pelvic and abdominal effusions ( W=637.48, P=0.031) and pleural effusions ( W=622.06, P=0.031) in CT was higher in the intervention group than that in the control group. Age was an independent risk factor for air-related complications after EFR (>60 years old VS ≤60 years old: OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.56, P=0.002). Conclusion:CT presentations of pelvic and abdominal effusion and pleural effusion after EFR is of great significance in suggesting complications, while patients with other CT presentations often do not require special intervention or prolonged hospital stay. Postoperative CT in elderly patients is less likely to detect air-related complications.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular genetic features of oncocytic carcinoma of the thy-roid(OCA).Methods The clinicopathological and immuno-histochemical data of 25 patients with oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid were retrospectively reviewed.Genetic features were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results The male to female ratio of the 25 patients was 1 ∶ 1.8,and the aver-age age was 49 years.The tumor was confined to the thyroid gland.Of the 22 cases with a single nodule,5 cases were ill-de-marcated and 3 cases were multiple nodular lesions.The average size was 2.7 centimeter in diameter.Cytologically,the tumor cells were arranged in detached clusters with abundant eosino-philic and granular cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli.Histologically,the oncocytic tumor cells mainly arranged in trabecular and solid architecture.Capsular,blood and lymphoid vascular invasion could be observed in a cer-tain extent.Among 25 cases of OCA,8 cases were minimally in-vasive,14 cases were encapsulated angio-invasive and 3 cases were widely invasive.Positive immunoreaction with TTF-1,thy-roglobulin and CD56 supported the thyroid epithelial origination of the tumour.One recurrent case was found to have cervical lymph node metastasis,and another case was presented with bone metastasis,which was determined to harbor TERT promoter mu-tation(C228T)in each case.Different point mutation of RAS gene was determined in 2 cases(8%),respectively.Conclu-sion Oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid shows typical eosino-philic and granular cytoplasm,immunohistochemical staining is helpful in differential diagnosis with other oncocytic lesions.It lacks BRAF-like mutation.Low frequency of RAS mutations could be found.Rare TERT promoter mutation has significant mutation with clinical behavior of OCA.

Objective : To investigate the effect of riboflavin on inactivation of pathogens under different light time conditions． Methods : Plasma containing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was divided into 4 groups，and the final concentrations of riboflavin were 50，100，150 μmol / L and 0 μmol / L was used as the control group．The growth titers at 10，15，20 and 25 min were observed．The control group was treated with no light．The growth titers of VSV culture before and after inactivation were calculated by Reed-Muench method，and the effect of different concentrations of riboflavin on the inactivation effect was evaluated by log reduction factor after inactivation. Results : Under the condition of no light，the addition of riboflavin had no pathogen inactivation effect．With the increase of light time from 15 min to 25 min，the inactivation effect of VSV in the non-riboflavin group increased．When the light was less than 15 min，there was no significant difference in the inactivation effect of 50 to 150 μmol / L riboflavin VSV．When the light duration was 15 to 25 min，the inactivation effect of VSV was enhanced after the addition of riboflavin，but there was no difference between different concentrations of riboflavin groups． Conclusion The inactivation effect of riboflavin pathogen within 25 min is better with the increase of light time，and has little influence on riboflavin concentration.

Objective : To evaluate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism on lipid metabolism in the early life of emale offspring by constructing a murine model during pregnancy． Methods : Female mice C57BL /6J were ran- domly divided into normal control group ( NC0 ) ，hypothyroidism complicated with pregnancy group ( PH0 ) and pregnancy complicated with hypothyroidism group ( GH0) ．Firstly，PH0 group was given 0．15% propylthiouracil di- et for 28 days，while NC0 and GH0 groups were given normal diet．After the successful modeling of PH0 was con- firmed，female mice in GH0 and PH0 groups were given 0．15% propylthiouracil diet during pregnancy，and NC0 group was still given normal diet．After delivery，the levels of free triiodothyronine ( FT3) ，free thyroxine ( FT4) ， thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and total cholesterol (TC) ，triglyceride (TG) in each group were detected at 3 weeks of age for female offspring．The pathological changes of thyroid and liver were observed by HE staining．West- ern blot detected the levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism. Results : Compared with the NC0 group， the levels of serum FT3 and FT4 decreased，the levels of serum TSH，serum TC，hepatic TC and TG increased in the female offspring of the PH0 and GH0 groups，and lipid deposition was observed in their livers．The expression levels of HMGCR , FAS and CD36 related to lipid metabolism in livers increased，while the expressions of CPT1A and LDL-R were down-regulated. Conclusion Hypothyroidism during pregnancy may lead to the disturbance of lipid metabolism in the early life of female offspring mice.

With potent biological activities, cellular growth factors are polypeptide factors that primarily stimulate cell growth and proliferation. They participate in the regulation of not only normal physiological functions such as human embryonic development and cell growth, but also neurorehabilitation and neuroplasticity in pathological processes such as nerve injury and recovery. Specifically, cellular growth factors have been shown to promote neuron survival, facilitate nerve regeneration and regulate synaptic plasticity, promote cell differentiation/vascular regeneration and modulate the microenvironment, promote nerve fiber myelination and improve nerve conduction. This review summarized current knowledge on the roles and various growth factors in neurorehabilitation and neuroplasticity, providing an update on potential clinical application of cellular growth factors in the field of neural rehabilitation.