Objective To investigate the related factors for the survival of the patients with pancreatic cancer.Methods A total of 1 620 patients confirmed as pancreatic cancer admitted in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University,Tumor prevention and treatment center affiliated with Sun Yat-sen University and People's Hospital of Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed,and the effects of TNM staging,surgical treatment,palliative chemotherapy and postoperative assisted chemotherapy on the survival of the patients with pancreatic cancer were examined by life table and Log-rank test.Results The median survival time of all 1 620 cases was 7.15 months.The median survival time of TNM stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 12.50 months,10.12 months,9.56 months and 5.43 months,and there was statistically significant difference (P =0.001).The median survival time of cases who did not undergo surgery was 6.10 months,which of patients who underwent radical surgery was 13.67 months,and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001).The median survival time of cases without chemotherapy was 5.55 months,which of patients who underwent palliative chemotherapy was 7.58 months,and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001).The median survival time of cases with pure radical surgery without chemotherapy was 12.38 months,which of patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy was 14.50 months,and the difference was no statistically significant (P =0.561).Conclusions Early diagnosis followed closely by radical surgery is the key to prolong the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.And adjuvant chemotherapy for patients who lose surgery opportunity may improve clinical prognosis to a certain extent.

Objective To explore the curative effect of biofeedback-controlled electrical stimulation combined with the pelvic floor muscle training among women with prolapsed pelvic organs.Methods Sixty women with pelvic organ prolapse were divided at random into an observation group and a control group,each of 30.Both groups were given biofeedback-controlled electrical stimulation of the vaginal muscles,but the observation group also received Kegel training and pelvic floor function training using a vaginal dumbbell.The intervention consisted of 2 courses with an interval of 2 weeks.One course met 15 times,3 times a week,lasting 30 minutes each time.Before and after the treatment,both groups were assessed using pelvic floor electromyography and the GRRUG method was used to evaluate their pelvic floor muscle strength.Results Before the treatment,there were no significant differences between the observation and control groups in terms of the average amplitude of the potentials generated by the pelvic floor muscles in resting,in rapid contraction or in endurance contraction.After the treatment the observation group generated significantly higher potentials than the control group on average.The pelvic floor muscle strength of the observation group reached level V in 23 cases,significantly more than the 9 cases observed in the control group.The total effectiveness rate of the observation group was 96.7％,significantly higher than the control group's 73.3％.Conclusion Biofeedback-controlled electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training is effective in treating females with pelvic organ prolapse.

Objective To explore the effect of inhibiting placental growth factor ( PIGF ) by small interfering RNA ( siRNA) on migration, invasion and chemoresistance of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1.Methods Three specific siRNAs targeting PIGF (siRNA-PIGF) were designed.PANC1 cells were transfected with siRNA-PIGF by liposome transfection using untransfected cells as blank controls and nonspecific siRNA ( siRNA-NC) transfected cells as negative controls .The PIGF mRNA and protein expression was examined by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA.MTT method was used to assess the inhibition rate of chemotherapeutic reagents on cell proliferation .The abilities of migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell assay.Results The inhibition rate of PIGF mRNA in PANC1 cells transfected by 3 siRNA-PIGF were (64.38 ±8.92)%, (70.48 ±7.72)% and (81.25 ±6.02)%, which was lowest in siRNA-PIGF-3 transfected cells.The expression of PIGF mRNA in PANC1 cells were decreased by (63.72 ±8.20)%at 24 h after siRNA-PIGF transfection compared with siRNA-NC transfected cells;and the level of PIGF protein in the supernatant of cultured PANC1 cells was lowered by (42.92 ±1.34)% compared with siRNA-NC transfected cells and by (46.25 ±3.64)% compared with untransfected cells at 48h after transfection, which all had significant difference .There was no statistical difference between untransfected and siRNA-NC transfected cells.After 3 ng/L gemicitabine treatment , the inhibition rate of cell proliferation in siRNA-PIGF group was even higher than that in siRNA-NC and untransfected group [(44.35 ±5.05)% vs(34.29 ±3.60)% and (31.01 ±1.08)%;both P<0.05], and no significant difference was not observed after 5-FU and adriamycin treatment.In migration and invasion assay , the number of transmembrane cells from siRNA-PIGF group was 38.1%and 28.2%of that from siRNA-NC group and 40.8% and 36.2% of that from untransfected group , which had statistical difference (all P<0.05).Conclusions PIGF silencing could significantly suppress the migration and invasion of PANC 1 cells and improve the sensitivity to gemicitabine .

A teaching method called cross-disciplinary joint teaching,which integrated the neural system-based physiology,anatomy and histology from gross morphology to micmstructure,then to physiological function,was carried out on 2010 clinical eight-year program medical students.Jointteaching method was carried out throughout the whole courses.That means in three subjects related to the discipline,teachers compile the textbook,discuss teaching scheme,compile cases,collectively prepare lessons,and attend lectures and discussion together.Flexible teaching forms such as casebased teaching,problem-based teaching and bilingual teaching were also run through the whole processes of the teaching.Compared with the traditional teaching model,cross-disciplinary joint teaching not only achieves the integration of morphology,microstructure and functions of nervous system,but also has a priority of helping the students to develop a more efficient learning ability such as initiative study and thinking extension.

The cross-disciplinary form-function joint teaching of nervous system centered on organ was carried out in the Second Military Medical University for medical students of the eight-year system according to its actual situation.The nervous system was selected as the teaching content and problem-based learning was used,with the fusion of three aspects of knowledge of histology and embryology,physiology and human anatomy and the integration of teachers from different disciplinarians.The effect was good.

OBJECTIVECytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is an important metabolizing enzyme involved in oxidative stress responses to benzene, a chemical associated with bone marrow toxicity and leukemia. We aimed to identify the CYP2E1 genetic biomarkers of susceptibility to benzene toxicity in support of environmental and occupational exposure prevention, and to test whether a model using immortal human lymphocytes might be an efficient tool for detecting genetic biomarkers.

METHODSImmortalized human lymphocyte cell lines with independent genotypes on four CYP2E1 SNP sites were induced with 0.01% phenol, a metabolite of benzene. CYP2E1 gene function was evaluated by mRNA expression and enzyme activity. DNA damage was measured by Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE).

RESULTSAmong the four SNPs, cells with rs2070673TT and rs2030920CC showed higher levels of CYP2E1 transcription and enzymatic activity than the other genotypes in the same SNP site. Cells with higher gene expression genotypes also showed higher comet rates compared with lower gene expression genotypes.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that CYP2E1 rs2070673 and rs2030920 might be the genetic biomarkers of susceptibility to benzene toxicity and that the immortalized human lymphocytes model might be an efficient tool for the detection of genetic biomarkers of susceptibility to chemicals.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Benzene ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Phenol ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the stress distribution of the femur after cemented prosthetic replacement in aged patients with comminuted intertrochanteric fracture and to analyze the difference of stress distribution between cemented long and short stem prosthesises.Methods A volunteer's left femur image data was obtained by spiral CT tomography.Then,the three-dimensional model of the femur was reconstructed with Mimics and Unigraphics modeling softwares.Based on the above analysis,we established three-dimensional modles of comminuted intertrochanteric fracture,long stem and short stem prothesises,and mantle layer of cement.Finally,we established the three-dimensional finite element model of these materials with software ABAQUS6.5,and carried out finite element analysis to the model in biomechanics.Results The stress disrilbution of the femur after cemented long and short stem prosthetic replacement didn't change significantly.The stress distribution of short stem between cement and prothetic stem were in the correlative area of distal end of the prothesis,and the lateral peak value was 21.3 MPa which exceeds the fatigue strength of bone cement;However,that of long stem were in the middle of medial interface and in the distal end of bilateral interface.There was no significant stress concentration zone in the mantle layer of cement which was used to reconstruct calcar femorale.Conclusion The stress distribution of the femur didn't change significantly after treating comminuted intertrochanteric fracture of aged patients with cemented long and short stem prosthesises.The cemented long stem prosthesises may be more suitable to treat these patients for its lower loosening probability.

Objective To observe the differentiation of bone marrow multipotent adult progenitor cells(MAPCs)into skin tissue cells of rats in vivo. Methods Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)was used to remove MAPCs from bone marrow of male rats through negative screening.Tail vein injection with combined with MAPCs Was done in C57BL/6 mice with skin wound and nude mice with immunodeficieney.Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression of MHCI antigen in the healed skin of donor SD rats. Results Positive MHCI cells were found in the epidermal fundus and Some hair follicle-like structures of the healed skin of C57BL/6 mice.Hair follicle-like structure appeared in the healed skin of nude mice group,in which positive MHCI cells were found in the basal epidermal and some hair follicle-like structures. Conclusions During skin damage,MAPCs can migrate to the injured skin area and skin adnexa hair foilicle area,transform into epidermal cells and hence participate in the healing of the wound skin.

Objective: To observe morphological changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the early stage of mice renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods: Renal interstitial fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) in mice. Histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to analyze pathological changes and α-SMA expression in renal tissue.Argentum hexamethylenamine staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe changes of the renal tubule basement membrane. Gelatin zymographic analysis was used to observe the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in renal tissue.Results:The mice suffered from renal interstitial fibrosis were identified by histological analysis and α-SMA positive cells in renal tissue. Argentum hexamethylenamine staining and transmission electron-microscopy showed that the renal tubule basement membrane disrupted locally and renal tubule epithelial cells invaded into the renal interstitium in the early stage of renal interstitial fibrosis. Gelatin zymographic analysis showed that the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was increased transitorily in the early stage of renal interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion: Renal tubule basement membrane disruption, renal tubule epithelial cells invasion into the renal interstitium, and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 are involved in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis.

Ovbective To evaluate the clinical results of simultaneous enlargement of the pulmonary annulus and the pulmonary cusp with a transannular patch of autologous pericardium in right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)reconstruction. Methods From Jan.2003 to Jan.2004,Twenty-five patients who have complex congenital heart anomalies with pulmonary artery hypoplasia received surgical correction with RVOT reconstruction were randomly divided into research group (n=13) and control group (n=12). The patients in the research group used the technique of simultaneous enlargement of the pulmonary annulus and the pulmonary cusp with a transannular patch of autologous pericardium,routine technique of a transannular patch with or without a autologus pericardial monocuspid valve was used in control group. The main clinical characteristics and follow up data were studied and compared. The degree of pulmonary insufficiency was evaluated before discharge,at 3～6 months,and at 12months after the operation. Results There was no operative mortality in two groups. Compared with control group,the mean right ventricle to left ventricle systolic pressure ratio,right atrial pressure,maximum doses of dopamine and correction of pulmonary insufficiency were improved significantly (P