ObjectiveTo comprehensively assess the clinical value of Duliang soft capsules in the treatment of migraine with wind-cold blood stasis syndrome， and to provide guidance for national medical decision-making， clinical drug promotion， and pharmaceutical services. MethodThe evaluation of Duliang soft capsules' clinical value was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for the Management of Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Drugs （Trial Version， 2021） using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Utilizing the CSC v2.0 software， this study conducted a comprehensive clinical evaluation of Duliang soft capsules across the "6+1" dimensions， including safety pre- and post-market launch， effectiveness in treating migraine， economy （cost-effectiveness）， and innovation， suitability， accessibility， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） characteristics in both its technology and clinical applications. ResultSafety： Duliang soft capsules were found to have good safety based on evidence from known adverse reactions （spontaneous reporting system （SRS） data， literature data， etc.）， pre-marketing toxicological research， and post-marketing drug monitoring. Effectiveness： A meta-analysis indicated that the combination of Duliang soft capsules and western medicine was more effective than Western medicine alone in the treatment of migraine. The product's effectiveness was rated as "Best" based on the quality and value of the evidence. Economy： Duliang soft capsules are moderately priced and categorized as a Type B medical insurance product. Economic research indicated that the combination of Western medicine and Duliang soft capsules was more cost-effective than Western medicine alone. The product's economy was rated as "Better". Innovation： Duliang soft capsules， with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma as the main components， hold one invention patent and have been awarded the China Patent Excellence Award. The pharmaceutical company has introduced innovative extraction （CO₂ supercritical extraction technology） and formulation （soft capsule） processes. The product's innovation was rated as "Better". Suitability： A questionnaire survey on Duliang soft capsules showed that it was well-suited for both patients and healthcare professionals. The product received a comprehensive assessment of suitability through the "Evaluation of Chinese Patent Medicine Information Services". The product's suitability was rated as "Best". Accessibility： Duliang soft capsules are moderately priced， making them accessible and affordable. The product's accessibility was rated as "Good" based on evidence from these three aspects. TCM characteristics： The formulation of Duliang soft capsules can be traced back to WANG Qiu's Selected Formulas from the Praiseworthy Studio （Shi Zhai Bai Yi Xuan Fang） from the Song Dynasty， and it was documented in ZHANG Jiebin's The Complete Works of Zhang Jing-yue （Jing Yue Quan Shu） as "Duliangwan". The product has been extensively studied with over 2000 clinical cases since its market launch， and its TCM characteristics were rated as outstanding with sufficient evidence. ConclusionThe comprehensive clinical value evaluation of Duliang soft capsules demonstrated its high effectiveness， suitability， and accessibility， and outstanding TCM characteristics. The product's safety， economy， and innovation received good ratings. In summary， Duliang soft capsules exhibited significant clinical value and outstanding TCM characteristics， the evidence was sufficient， and the result was confirmed， providing crucial references for clinical decision-making and pharmaceutical management.

Objective:To explore the evaluation of 256 slice spiral computed tomography angiography(CTA)of coronary,serum lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)and angiopoietin like protein 3(ANGPTL3)on the severity of coronary artery stenosis of patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:A total of 102 patients with coronary heart disease who were diagnosed and treated at Hebei Chest Hospital from July 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects.According to the Gensini score about the severity of coronary artery stenosis,they were divided into mild stenosis group(0 score≤Gensini score≤20 scores),moderate stenosis group(20 scores60 scores),with 34 cases in each group.The minimum lumen diameter(MLD),percentage of area of stenosis(%AS),percentage of diameter of stenosis(%DS),minimum lumen area(MLA),Lp-PLA2 and ANGPTL3 among three groups were compared.The diagnostic efficiency of the severity of coronary artery stenosis was predicted according to receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:The MLA and MLD values in severe stenosis group were significantly lower than those in moderate and mild stenosis groups,while%AS and%DS were significantly higher than those in moderate and mild stenosis groups(t=6.905,4.083,5.871,6.976,3.387,2.198,2.668,3.505,P<0.05),respectively.The Lp-PLA2 and ANGPTL3 values in severe stenosis group were significantly higher than those in moderate and mild stenosis groups(t=4.164,8.220,2.575,3.050,P<0.05),respectively.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve(AUC)values of MLA,MLD,%AS,%DS,CCTA comprehensive parameter,LpPLA2 and ANGPTL3 were respectively were 0.838,0.690,0.742,0.801,0.904,0.808 and 0.807 in predicting the severity of coronary artery stenosis.The sensitivities of them were respectively 91.20%,91.20%,64.70%,94.10%,97.10%,70.60%and 88.20%.The specificities of them were respectively 76.50%,57.40%,75.00%,50.00%,70.60%,97.10%and 70.60%.The AUC value of CCTA comprehensive parameter was respectively higher than that of LpPLA2 and ANGPTL3,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:256 slice spiral CCTA,serum Lp-PLA2 and ANGPTL3 have a certain efficiency in assessing the severity of coronary artery stenosis of coronary heart disease,and 256 slice spiral CCTA has higher predictive efficiency.

BackgroundNarrative exposure therapy （NET）， an integration of narrative therapy and exposure therapy， has been shown to be effective in relieving the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD）， which can help patients gain a deeper understanding of their trauma and is also considered to be quite safe. PTSD is highly prevalent in children and adolescents， while the effectiveness of NET intervention varies among the subjects. ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effectiveness of NET for PTSD in children and adolescents， so as to provide references for the clinical application of NET. MethodsOn August 1， 2022， the Cochrane Library， PubMed， Web of Science， CINAHL， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， SinoMed， VIP and Wanfang database were searched from their inception to June 2022. Search was conducted with the use of a combination of medical subject heading and free text terms， and randomized controlled trials relevant to NET for PTSD in children and adolescents were collected. Then the quality of the controlled trials was evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias （2011）， and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. ResultsNine randomized controlled trials involving 394 children and adolescents with PTSD were included. Meta-analysis showed that NET and relaxation therapy reported comparable symptom relief in PTSD patients within 1 to 3 months after intervention （SMD=0.22， 95% CI： -0.84~1.28） and at 6 months after intervention （SMD=0.21， 95% CI： -0.75~1.17）， while NET provided greater PTSD symptom relief than routine therapy both within 1 to 3 months after intervention （SMD=-0.66， 95% CI： -1.04~-0.27） and at 6 months after intervention （SMD=-0.77， 95% CI： -1.36~-0.19）， with statistically significant differences. Regarding the alleviation of depressive symptoms， the effect was similar between NET and routine therapy within 1 to 3 months after intervention （SMD=-0.39， 95% CI： -0.98~0.21） and at 6 months after intervention （SMD=-0.74， 95% CI： -2.23~0.75）. No statistical difference was demonstrated between NET and routine therapy in relieving psychological distress （SMD=-0.54， 95% CI： -2.14~1.07） and suppressing hyperorexia （SMD=-0.17， 95% CI： -0.54~0.19） 1 to 3 months after intervention. ConclusionNET yields a better outcome and a medium- and long-term effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of PTSD in children and adolescents compared with routine therapy， while it does not offer any significant advantages in improving depression symptoms， psychological distress and hyperorexia.

Objective This study aimed to explore the spatial heterogeneity and risk factors for dental caries in 12-year-old children in Shanxi province,China. Methods The data encompassed 3,721 participants from the two most recent oral health surveys conducted across 16 districts in Shanxi Province in 2015 and 2018.Eighteen specific variables were analyzed to examine the interplay between socioeconomic factors,medical resources and environmental conditions.The Geo-detector model was employed to assess the impacts and interactions of these ecological factors. Results Socioeconomic factors(Q=0.30,P<0.05)exhibited a more substantial impact compared to environmental(Q=0.19,P<0.05)and medical resource factors(Q=0.25,P<0.05).Notably,the urban population percentage(UPP)demonstrated the most significant explanatory power for the spatial heterogeneity in caries prevalence,as denoted by its highest q-value(q=0.51,P<0.05).Additionally,the spatial distribution's heterogeneity of caries was significantly affected by SO2 concentration(q=0.39,P<0.05)and water fluoride levels(q=0.27,P<0.05)among environmental factors. Conclusion The prevalence of caries exhibited spatial heterogeneity,escalating from North to South in Shanxi Province,China,influenced by socioeconomic factors,medical resources,and environmental conditions to varying extents.

Objective To systematically review the effectiveness of perioperative oral probiotics in hepatic resection patients,and provide evidence-based clinical evidence.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,EMbase,SinoMed,WanFang Data,CNKI and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on perioperative oral probiotics in hepatectomized patients from inception to June 30,2023.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.4 software.Results A total of 10 RCTs were included,including 715 patients.The Meta-analysis showed that compared to placebo or blank controls,the incidence of postoperative infections in oral probiotic patients(RR=0.60,95％CI 0.48 to 0.74,P＜0.001),serum endotoxin levels(MD=-0.88,95％CI-1.53 to-0.22,P=0.009),cumulative antibiotic use(MD=-1.48,95％CI-2.17 to-0.78,P＜0.001),AST levels(MD=-9.68,95％CI-11.36 to-8.01,P＜0.001),ALT levels(MD=-21.24,95％CI-34.81 to-7.68,P=0.002),TBiL levels(SMD=-0.70,95％CI-0.95 to-0.45,P＜0.001),CRP levels(SMD=-0.52,95％CI-0.91 to-0.13,P=0.009),procalcitonin levels(MD=-0.19,95％CI-0.32 to-0.05,P=0.006),IL-6 levels(MD=-7.30,95％CI-14.26 to-0.33,P=0.04),and the first flatus time(MD=-1.16,95％CI-1.51 to-0.82,P＜0.001),hospital stay(MD=-0.62,95％CI-0.83 to-0.41,P＜0.001),hospitalisation costs(SMD=-0.65,95％CI-0.95 to-0.34,P＜0.001)were lower.Conclusion Current evidence shows that perioperative oral probiotics can significantly reduce the postoperative infection rate and decrease the release of inflammatory factors in liver resection patients,promote the recovery of postoperative hepatic and gastrointestinal functions,and shorten the length of hospital stay and costs.Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies,more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Objective:To investigate the application value of mixed reality (MR) technology in reconstruction of soft tissue defect of extremities with free anterolateral thigh flap(ALTF).Methods:From December 2019 to November 2021, a retrospective analysis was performed on 10 patients who had undergone ALTF reconstruction of soft tissue defects in extremities in Department of Orthopaedics, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. Four patients had the defects in hand and 6 patients in foot and ankle. For the 6 patients in emergency surgery, the time from injury to admission was 4.0-15.0 hours, with an average of 7.3 hours. Four patients with soft tissue defects caused by chronic infection and ulcers were given debridement, and the soft tissue defects were reconstructed by flap transfer at the second stage. The defect area were from 8.0 cm×5.0 cm to 22.0 cm×8.0 cm. Preoperatively, 3D bone-vessel-flap model was established based on the lower extremity CTA scans. Intraoperatively, MR technology was used to project the 3D model on the flap donor site to observe the virtual profile of vessel shape in real time, to locate the perforator and the course of the perforator, and observe the consistency between the virtual image and the actual anatomy of the perforator. The appearance, texture and colour of the flap were recorded at the last follow-up. Hand function was evaluated by the total activity movement (TAM), and foot and ankle function was evaluated by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS).Results:The position location and course of perforator vessels were reconstructed successfully in all patients before surgery. The MR technology was used to locate the perforator, and the course of the virtual perforator was consistent with the actual anatomy, and the matching reached 100%. The length of vascular pedicle measured before surgery was at 11.02 cm±1.37 cm. And that measured during surgery was at 11.21 cm±1.23 cm ( P=0.748, t=-0.326). The difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The flap area was at 9.0 cm×6.0 cm to 23.0 cm×9.0 cm. The donor site was sutured directly in one stage. All patients were entered postoperative followed-up for 1 to 24 months, with an average of 13.5 months. All the flaps survived after surgery. The flap with good appearance, colour and texture, and only one linear scar was left in the donor site. According to the TAM of the hand function, 3 cases were excellent and 1 was fair. Foot and ankle function were evaluated according to the AOFAS, 5 cases were in excellent and 1 was good. Conclusion:MR technology applied to the surgery of ALTF can locate the course of the flap vessels in real time, guide the operation, improve the operation efficiency and reduce the risk in surgery.

In recent years, the biopharmaceutical industry has developed rapidly, creating urgent demand for high-quality, innovative, and application-oriented talents. In the context of "first-class undergraduate education", it is of great significance to reform and explore biopharmaceutics blended learning to foster professional talents who can adapt to the industrial development. The blended teaching of biopharmaceutics course in Hubei University was based on small private online course (SPOC) and ChaoXing platform, aiming to meet the first-class "AIC (advanced, innovation, challenge)". The course strengthened the three phases of teaching: before, during, and after class, and innovated teaching methods actively to achieve curriculum goals, and integrated typical cases organically. In addition, the course improved the discriminative power of assessment by strengthening the formative performance evaluation. Moreover, the course provided guidance for students to improve the learning efficiency through investigating the students' learning behavior and employing the marginal utility curve to analyze the characteristics of group activities. Furthermore, the course also offered students personalized learning guidance based on their career planning. The reform of biopharmaceutics blended teaching has achieved significant outcomes, such as improving students' satisfaction, students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability, and curriculum construction level, thus may serve as a reference for the teaching reform and research of the related courses.
Humans ; Biopharmaceutics ; Curriculum ; Learning ; Students

Patients with end-stage liver disease after liver transplantation constantly suffer from malnutrition due to primary diseases and transplantation-related factors. Malnutrition will worsen clinical condition of the patients, increase the incidence of complication, length of hospital stay and medical expense after transplantation, and lower the survival rate. Sufficient nutritional support at all stages of liver transplantation is of significance. Accurate assessment of nutritional status and timely intervention are prerequisites for perioperative nutritional treatment in liver transplantation. In this article, the latest nutritional risk screening indexes and evaluation tools, nutritional support methods and other perioperative nutritional intervention measures for liver transplantation were reviewed, aiming to deepen the understanding and cognition of perioperative nutritional therapy for liver transplantation and provide reference for improving nutritional status and clinical prognosis of liver transplant recipients.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.