Ocular diseases pose a significant challenge to global health. The field of metabolomics, which involves the systematic identification and quantification of metabolites within a biological system, has emerged as a promising research approach for unraveling disease mechanisms and discovering novel biomarkers. Through its application, metabolomics has yielded valuable knowledge pertaining to the initiation and advancement of various ocular diseases. This review presents an overview of metabolomics and examines recent research progess in four ocular diseases, specifically diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and dry eye, summarizing potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with these diseases. Additionally, this review offers insights into the future prospects of utilizing metabolomics for the management and treatment of ocular diseases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of modified Baduanjin exercise, as an rehabilitation exercise, on cardiopulmonary function, motor function and activities of daily living in patients with stroke. MethodsFrom January to September, 2023, 42 stroke patients in the Nanjing Qixia District Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 21) and experimental group (n = 21). The control group received routine rehabilitation, and the experimental group received modified Baduanjin exercise in addition, for four weeks. They were assessed with peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak oxygen pulse (VO_2peak/HR), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow (PEF), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-upper extremities (FMA-UE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) before and after intervention. ResultsVO_2peak, AT, and the scores of FMA-UE, BBS and MBI improved in the control group after intervention (|t| > 2.256, |Z| > 2.936, P < 0.05); while VO_2peak, AT, VO_2peak/HR, FVC, FEV₁, PEF, and the scores of FMA-UE, BBS and MBI improved in the experimental group (|t| > 4.390, |Z| > 3.451, P < 0.001); and all the indexes were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 4.136，|Z| > 2.751，P < 0.01), except the scores of BBS and MBI. ConclusionModified Baduanjin exercise can improve the cardiopulmonary function and upper limb motor function for stroke patients.

Objective:To assess the effects of nutritional interventions combined with Traditional Chinese Med-icine(TCM)physical dialectics on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),dietary status during pregnancy,and maternal and infant outcomes in high-risk pregnant women in early pregnancy.Methods:298 high-risk pregnant women with GDM in early pregnancy(gestational week≤14 weeks)registered in the Obstet-rics Department of Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 1st December 2022 to 30th March 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the intervention group(149 cases)and the control group(149 cases).During 14 to 23+6 weeks of pregnancy,TCM constitution nutritional intervention was carried out for pregnant women in the intervention group,and routine guidance and healthy dietary education was carried out in the control group.The incidence of GDM in the two groups was compared at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy,and the relationship between early pregnancy nutritional intervention combined with TCM constitution and the risk of GDM was analysed in subgroups using logistic regression and likelihood ratio test.The dietary situation,biochemical in-dexes and delivery outcomes after the intervention were compared at 32-36 weeks of pregnancy.Results:①The incidence of GDM in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(14.09％vs.23.49％,P＜0.05).The effect of the TCM constitution based nutritional intervention on the risk probability of GDM was statistically significant only among pregnant women with different ranges of gestational weight gain(GWG)(P=0.018).Among them,pregnant women with GWG lower than the recommended range had a reduced risk of GDM after intervention(OR 0.27,95％Cl 0.10-0.68,P=0.008).② After intervention,the evaluation index of di-etary balance index of pregnant women in the intervention group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the intake of cereals and potatoes,vegetables,and water of pregnant women in late pregnancy in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).③The levels of triglycerides,total choles-terol,low-density lipoprotein,glycated haemoglobin,uric acid and creatinine of pregnant women in the intervention group were lower than those of the control group in late pregnancy(P＜0.05).GWG,gestational age at delivery,the rate of low-birth-weight,and the neonatal 1-minute Apgar scores were all better than those of the control group(P＜0.05.Conclusions:Nutritional interventions in early pregnancy combined with TCM constitution can sig-nificantly reduce the incidence of GDM in high-risk pregnant women and the chances of low-birth-weight babies.Obstetrics outpatient clinics can actively develop extensive collaboration with TCM and clinical nutrition depart-ments to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and fetus.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of arthroscopically-assisted reduction and internal fixation(ARIF)combined with enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)and open reduction and internal fixation surgery(ORIF)in the treatment of posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures.Methods Seventy patients with posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures in the Department of Orthopaedics,Xuzhou Central Hospital,from January 2020 to November 2022 were retrospectively selected and divided into ARIF group(with ERAS,n=32)and ORIF group(without ERAS,n=38)according to the treatment methods.All patients were evaluated for fracture type by imaging examination after admission.The operation time,length of hospital stay,early postoperative pain score(evaluated by visual analogue scale[VAS]),knee joint function(evaluated by hospital for special surgery[HSS]scale)at 3 months and thigh circumference difference at 6 months postoperatively were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time in the ARIF group was significantly shorter than that in the ORIF group([67.84±9.89]min vs[85.16±9.18]min,P＜0.001),and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the ARIF group([7.13±1.41]d vs[8.74±1.84]d,P＜0.001).On the third day after operation,the VAS score in the ARIF group was significantly lower than that in the ORIF group([4.00±1.44]vs[5.39±1.24],P＜0.001).ARIF group had better joint function than ORIF group 3 months after operation,and the difference of 10 cm thigh circumference on patella in ARIF group was smaller than that in ORIF group 6 months after operation.Conclusions Compared to ORIF,patients with posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures treated with ARIF combined with ERAS showed faster postoperative recovery,shorter hospital stay,and more precise clinical efficacy.

Objective To introduce a locating device for the entry point of intramedullary nail based on the inertial navigation technology,which utilizes multi-dimensional angle information to assist in rapid and accurate positioning of the ideal direction of femoral anterograde intramedullary nails'entry point,and to verify its clinical value through clinical tests.Methods After matching the locating module with the developing board,which are the two components of the locating device,they were placed on the skin surface of the proximal femur of the affected side.Anteroposterior fluoroscopy was performed.The developing angle corresponding to the ideal direction of entry point was selected based on the X-ray image,and then the yaw angle of the locating module was reset to zero.After resetting,the locating module was combined with the surgical instrument to guide the insertion angle of the guide wire.The ideal direction of entry point was accurately located based on the angle guidance.By setting up an experimental group and a control group for clinical surgical operations,the number of guide wire insertion times,surgical time,fluoroscopy frequency,and intraoperative blood loss with or without the locating device was recorded.Results Compared to the control group,the experimental group showed significant improvement in the number of guide wire insertion times,surgical time,fluoroscopy frequency,and intraoperative blood loss,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.01).Conclusion The locating device can assist doctors in quickly locating the entry point of intramedullary nail,effectively reducing the fluoroscopy frequency and surgical time by improving the success rate of the guide wire insertion with one shot,improving surgical efficiency,and possessing certain clinical value.

Objective To analyze the influence of shaping on the bending strength of bone plates and the influence of different locking nail distributions on plate force to provide biomechanical references for shaping plates and selecting different locking nail distributions.Methods Finite element simulation analysis of the four-point bending strength of a plate was performed according to the YY/T 0342-2020 standard.Theoretical analysis and finite element simulation method were used to analyze the force on prosthesis models with different lock-nail distributions.Results At 30° bending,the 3.7 mm-thick plate had 28%higher equivalent plastic strain than the 2.7 mm-thick plate.The 3.7 and 2.7 mm-thick plates had ultimate bending angles of 55° and 67°,respectively.The crease had little impact on the plate stress.The four-point bending strength and equivalent bending stiffness of the unshapeed structure were 2.64 N·m and 1.12 N·m2,respectively.The four-point bending strength and equivalent bending stiffness with the crease were 2.63 N·m and 1.10 N·m2,respectively.After forward and backward bending,the four-point bending strength of the plate decreased from 2.64 to 2.45 N·m by approximately 7.72%,and the equivalent bending stiffness decreased from 1.12 to 0.98 N·m2 by approximately 12%.The impact was obvious.After implantation of tamponade screws,the four-point bending strength of the single-hole plate improved significantly from 2.64 to 3.15 N·m,by approximately 19.32%and the equivalent bending stiffness increased from 1.12 to 1.14 N·m2,by approximately 2.1%.At least two locking holes were reserved on both sides of the fracture line.Not inserting the locking screw reduced the stress by approximately 50%compared with the full insertion of the locking screw.During 15-week postoperative walking without bone callus formation,the material stress of TC4 reached 852.7 MPa and yielding occurred.Conclusions In a clinical scenario where larger shaping is required,it is not suitable for plates with larger thicknesses and plate fractures are more likely to occur after large-thickness shaping.This can guide the clinical selection of plates with appropriate thickness based on the shaping angle,and tamponade screws can be implanted in extreme cases.Fixing locking screws clinically is recommended;however,a method of fixing the locking screws with full screws is not recommended.The biomechanical effect is best when two locking holes at both ends of the fracture line are maintained without fixing the locking screws.

ObjectiveTo support intelligent clinical decision-making in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， this study utilized ontology and knowledge graph construction techniques to achieve the IT application of clinical practice guidelines. MethodBased on the principles of findability， accessibility， interoperability， and reusability （FAIR principles）， this study employed ontology techniques to construct an ontology for TCM clinical practice guidelines and built a knowledge graph using coronary heart disease as an example. Based on the Checklist for Reporting Practice Guidelines in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Recommendation Grading in TCM Clinical Guidelines/Consensus （T/CAS 530—2021），the ontology of TCM clinical practice guidelines was constructed using the seven-step ontology construction method. On this basis，the TCM diagnosis and treatment data from the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stable Angina Pectoris in Coronary Heart Disease were stored in Neo4j in the form of triples through knowledge extraction，integration，and storage. ResultThe information in the clinical practice guidelines was divided into three categories： onset and prevention information， diagnosis information， and treatment information， and the TCM clinical practice guideline ontology was constructed. A total of 27 concepts related to TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment and 14 data attributes were obtained， and 12 conceptual relationships including hierarchical relationships and object attributes were established. By taking coronary heart disease as an example and the TCM clinical practice guideline ontology as the model layer， the knowledge map of TCM diagnosis and treatment guidelines for stable angina pectoris in coronary heart disease with 276 nodes and 336 relationships was constructed， realizing the visual display and query of the guideline content. ConclusionThe ontology of TCM clinical practice guidelines and the knowledge graph of stable angina pectoris in coronary heart disease constructed by combining the seven-step ontology construction method and Neo4j graph database technology are efficient and flexible，providing an intelligent TCM diagnosis and treatment scheme and promoting the standardization and objectification of TCM diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction in the treatment of UC by integrating network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking and experimental verification.Methods:The effective components and targets of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction were obtained from TCMSP database, and UC data sets GSE16879, GSE48958 and GSE75214 were obtained from GEO database, and differentially expressed genes were screened; intersection targets were obtained through Venn diagram, and GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed. An intersection target PPI network was constructed using STRING database and topology analysis was performed; hub genes were screened through lasso regression and the expression consistency of core targets in the dataset was verified through logistic regression. A UC mouse model was established and hub genes were validated.Results:A total of 213 drug targets of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction were obtained, and 499 common intersection targets of GSE16879, GSE48958 and GSE75214 were obtained by differential gene expression analysis. Thirty intersection targets of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction and UC were obtained, mainly acting on IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, etc. PPI network topology analysis obtained 7 common intersection targets, including PTGS2, IL-1B, IL-6, MMP9, CXCL8, CCL2 and MMP2. IL-6 and MMP2 were selected as hub genes by lasso regression. Logistics regression analysis showed that IL-6 and MMP2 were risk factors for the disease. Compared with the model group, the expressions of IL-6 and MMP2 mRNA and protein in the colon tissue of the TCM group decreased ( P<0.05), and the morphology of colon tissue was improved compared with the model group. Conclusion:IL-6 and MMP2 are risk factors for UC, the therapeutic effect of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction is to mediate Il-17 signal pathway, TNF signal pathway and AGE-RAGE signal pathway in diabetic complications through the targets of IL-6, and MMP2, thereby treating UC.

Objective:To assess the effects of nutritional interventions combined with Traditional Chinese Med-icine(TCM)physical dialectics on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),dietary status during pregnancy,and maternal and infant outcomes in high-risk pregnant women in early pregnancy.Methods:298 high-risk pregnant women with GDM in early pregnancy(gestational week≤14 weeks)registered in the Obstet-rics Department of Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 1st December 2022 to 30th March 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the intervention group(149 cases)and the control group(149 cases).During 14 to 23+6 weeks of pregnancy,TCM constitution nutritional intervention was carried out for pregnant women in the intervention group,and routine guidance and healthy dietary education was carried out in the control group.The incidence of GDM in the two groups was compared at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy,and the relationship between early pregnancy nutritional intervention combined with TCM constitution and the risk of GDM was analysed in subgroups using logistic regression and likelihood ratio test.The dietary situation,biochemical in-dexes and delivery outcomes after the intervention were compared at 32-36 weeks of pregnancy.Results:①The incidence of GDM in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(14.09％vs.23.49％,P＜0.05).The effect of the TCM constitution based nutritional intervention on the risk probability of GDM was statistically significant only among pregnant women with different ranges of gestational weight gain(GWG)(P=0.018).Among them,pregnant women with GWG lower than the recommended range had a reduced risk of GDM after intervention(OR 0.27,95％Cl 0.10-0.68,P=0.008).② After intervention,the evaluation index of di-etary balance index of pregnant women in the intervention group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the intake of cereals and potatoes,vegetables,and water of pregnant women in late pregnancy in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).③The levels of triglycerides,total choles-terol,low-density lipoprotein,glycated haemoglobin,uric acid and creatinine of pregnant women in the intervention group were lower than those of the control group in late pregnancy(P＜0.05).GWG,gestational age at delivery,the rate of low-birth-weight,and the neonatal 1-minute Apgar scores were all better than those of the control group(P＜0.05.Conclusions:Nutritional interventions in early pregnancy combined with TCM constitution can sig-nificantly reduce the incidence of GDM in high-risk pregnant women and the chances of low-birth-weight babies.Obstetrics outpatient clinics can actively develop extensive collaboration with TCM and clinical nutrition depart-ments to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and fetus.

Objective:To assess the effects of nutritional interventions combined with Traditional Chinese Med-icine(TCM)physical dialectics on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),dietary status during pregnancy,and maternal and infant outcomes in high-risk pregnant women in early pregnancy.Methods:298 high-risk pregnant women with GDM in early pregnancy(gestational week≤14 weeks)registered in the Obstet-rics Department of Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 1st December 2022 to 30th March 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the intervention group(149 cases)and the control group(149 cases).During 14 to 23+6 weeks of pregnancy,TCM constitution nutritional intervention was carried out for pregnant women in the intervention group,and routine guidance and healthy dietary education was carried out in the control group.The incidence of GDM in the two groups was compared at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy,and the relationship between early pregnancy nutritional intervention combined with TCM constitution and the risk of GDM was analysed in subgroups using logistic regression and likelihood ratio test.The dietary situation,biochemical in-dexes and delivery outcomes after the intervention were compared at 32-36 weeks of pregnancy.Results:①The incidence of GDM in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(14.09％vs.23.49％,P＜0.05).The effect of the TCM constitution based nutritional intervention on the risk probability of GDM was statistically significant only among pregnant women with different ranges of gestational weight gain(GWG)(P=0.018).Among them,pregnant women with GWG lower than the recommended range had a reduced risk of GDM after intervention(OR 0.27,95％Cl 0.10-0.68,P=0.008).② After intervention,the evaluation index of di-etary balance index of pregnant women in the intervention group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the intake of cereals and potatoes,vegetables,and water of pregnant women in late pregnancy in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).③The levels of triglycerides,total choles-terol,low-density lipoprotein,glycated haemoglobin,uric acid and creatinine of pregnant women in the intervention group were lower than those of the control group in late pregnancy(P＜0.05).GWG,gestational age at delivery,the rate of low-birth-weight,and the neonatal 1-minute Apgar scores were all better than those of the control group(P＜0.05.Conclusions:Nutritional interventions in early pregnancy combined with TCM constitution can sig-nificantly reduce the incidence of GDM in high-risk pregnant women and the chances of low-birth-weight babies.Obstetrics outpatient clinics can actively develop extensive collaboration with TCM and clinical nutrition depart-ments to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and fetus.