Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Sheep pox is widespread worldwide and is the most severe animal pox virus infection. This study aimed to identify the key microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in the exosomes of sheep poxvirus-infected cells and their target genes and related pathways and provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sheep poxvirus-infected cells. In this study, the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics. The qPCR results showed that the expression trends of oar-miR-21, oar-miR-10b, oar-let-7f, oar-let-7b, and oar-miR-221 were consistent with the sequencing results. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results showed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in the immune system processes of the Arf6 downstream pathway. The target genes Reactome pathways were mainly enriched in the RAC1 GTPase cycle, CDC42 GTPase cycle, RHO GTPase cycle, RHOV GTPase cycle, and post-transcriptional silencing of small RNAs. The transcription factors SP4, NKX6-1, MEF2A, SP1, EGR1, and POU2F1 that may be connected to sheep pox virus (SPPV)-infected cells were discovered by transcription factor annotation screening. In conclusion, this study screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in SPPV-infected cells and performed a series of bioinformatic analyses of their target genes to provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sheep pox virus infections of cells. The data can be used as basic information in future studies on the defense mechanisms against poxvirus infections.

Objective:To analyze the association of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain with macrosomia.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, data of all puerperae and newborns in the Obstetrics Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2020 to June 2021 were collected, including basic maternal information, pregnancy complications and neonatal conditions. A total of 2 422 pregnant women with full-term singleton live birth and their newborns were included in the analysis. The incidence of macrosomia (≥4 000 g) was calculated according to the birth weight of the newborns. Logistic regression and heat map were used to analyze the associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with macrosomia.Results:The incidence of macrosomia was 4.00% (97/2 422) in full-term singleton live birth newborns. Pre-pregnancy body weight, pre-pregnancy BMI, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity rate, pre-delivery body weight, total weight gain during pregnancy, mean weekly weight gain during pregnancy, the proportion of excessive weight gain during pregnancy, duration of pregnancy, and the proportion of primiparity and education level of junior college or below were all significantly higher in the puerperae of the macrosomia group than those in the non-macrosomia group [(63.87±8.27) vs (58.14±7.86) kg, (23.33±2.97) vs (21.60±2.72) kg/m2, 35.1% vs 17.3%, (77.48±9.11) vs (70.02±8.79) kg, (13.61±4.56) vs (11.88±4.40) kg, (0.34±0.11) vs (0.30±0.11) kg, 58.8% vs 31.1%, (280.47±7.79) vs (276.14±7.83) d, 34.1% vs 23.7%, 18.6% vs 7.5%] (all P<0.05). Pre-pregnancy BMI ( OR=1.227, 95% CI: 1.145-1.314), mean weekly weight gain during the whole pregnancy ( OR=33.453, 95% CI: 5.172-217.947), duration of pregnancy ( OR=1.083, 95% CI: 1.055-1.112), primiparity ( OR=1.969, 95% CI: 1.232-3.101) and education level of junior college or below ( OR=2.525, 95% CI: 1.325-4.668) were all positively associated with occurrence of macrosomia (all P<0.05). The incidence of macrosomia increased with the pre-pregnancy body mass index and mean weekly weight gain during the whole pregnancy. Conclusions:High pre-pregnancy BMI and mean weekly weight gain during the whole pregnancy are associated with the increased risk of macrosomia. Appropriate weight management during pregnancy may help to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the thyroid volume of adults in Lanzhou City, and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:In June 2016, according to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, Han residents aged 18 and above in Chengguan, Xigu and Qilihe districts of Lanzhou City who had lived there for more than 5 years were selected as research subjects, and a portable B-ultrasound machine was used for thyroid examination. Morning urine samples of the subjects were collected to test urinary iodine; fasting venous blood samples of the subjects were collected to test serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), blood lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] and blood uric acid (Ua) levels. At the same time, body indexes systolic blood pressure (SP), diastolic blood pressure (DP), waist circumference, height and weight were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of thyroid volume.Results:A total of 1 009 subjects were included, aged (43.50 ± 15.16) years, and the thyroid volume was (8.74 ± 3.39) ml. Among them, 534 males had a thyroid volume of (9.46 ± 3.43) ml; 475 females had a thyroid volume of (7.93 ± 3.15) ml, the thyroid volume of males was larger than that of females ( t = 7.36, P < 0.01). Thyroid volume was positively correlated with age, height, weight, BMI, SP, waist circumference, LDL, Ua and TgAb ( r = 0.07, 0.23, 0.33, 0.27, 0.10, 0.27, 0.10, 0.08, 0.07, P < 0.05), and it was negatively correlated with thyroid nodules, TPOAb, TSH and urinary iodine ( r = - 0.16, - 0.07, - 0.10, - 0.08, P < 0.05). After multiple linear regression analysis, TSH, TPOAb, TgAb and thyroid nodules were included in the regression equation, and the standardized B values were - 0.135, - 0.065, 0.123 and - 0.197, respectively. Conclusions:The thyroid volume of males is larger than that of females in Lanzhou City. TSH, TPOAb, TgAb and thyroid nodules are influencing factors of thyroid volume.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of the posterior tibial artery perforator flap with the great saphenous vein (GSV) in the treatment of severe degloving injury of the forearm.Methods:From June 2015 to October 2020, 5 patinets (4 males and 1 female, aged 20-46 years old, mean age 37 years old) were treated in the Department of Hand Surgery of Yantaishan Hospital in Yantai. Aposterior tibial artery perforator flap with GSV was used to repair the partial wound of the injured forearm, together with the establishment of venous circulation of dorsal hand for all 5 patients. All the patients suffered from severe forearm degloving injury. Of which, 3 accompanied with ulna radius fracture, 2 with ulnar and radial artery injury and 2 with blood supply insufficiency in the injured fingers. The sizes of soft-tissue defect were 26 cm×18 cm-32 cm×25 cm. The sizes of the posterior tibial artery perforator flap with GSV ranged from 12 cm×5 cm to 33 cm×6 cm. The anastomoses were performed on the perforating artery and the radial artery. The GSV was anastomosed with cephalic vein with bridging anastomosis to re-establish the venous circulation of dorsal hand. Combined anterolateral thigh flaps (ALTF) were used to repair the rest wound of injured limbs in 4 patients, and the combined pedicled abdominal flap was used in 1 patient. The donor site of calf flap was sutured directly, and the skin of upper limb was thinned into medium thick to cover the thigh flap donor site, which was packed with pressure dressing. Regular follow-up reviews were carried out by outpatient clinic, telephone, WeChat APP or home-visit after the operation to observe the survival of flaps, the swelling of the distal end of injured limb, functional recovery and healing at the donor site. Functional recovery was evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association.Results:All the grafted flaps in 5 patients survived. Necrosis at epidermal edge occurred in 1 calf flap, and achieved secondary healing after dress changing for 4 weeks. There was neither arterial nor venous crisis in all flaps. The oedema of the hand disappeared within 4-8 weeks, with clear dermatoglyph. There was no obvious enlarged circumference of thumb and fingers. The follow-up was carried out for 8-20 months, with 11 months in average. The flaps were elastic in good colour, and full texture without pigmentation. The donor site of the calf flap showed a linear scar. No swollen was seen in the hands of the injured forearm and the feet of donor lower legs. The range of motion of phalangeal joints was good. Recovery of finger sensation achieved at S 4. The recovery of the sensation of posterior tibial artery perforator flap reached S 3 in 2 patients and S 2 in 3 patients. Assessment of the Upper Limb Function using the Standard Issued by the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association rated excellent in 3 patients and good in 2 patients. Conclusion:The posterior tibial artery perforator flap with GSV has a reliable blood supply with a small damage to the donor site. This flap is ideal for repair of severe degloving injury of forearm and meanwhile to achieve the re-establishment of venous circulation in dorsal hand.

Objective:The surgical method and clinical efficacy was studied on the anterior lateral malleolar venous network grafting in repair of the defects of superficial palmar arch.Methods:From February 2015 to July 2021, 8 cases (6 males and 2 females; aged 32-44 years old, mean age at 39 years old) were treated in the Department of Hand Surgery of Yantaishan Hospital. Anterior lateral malleolar venous network was grafted to repair the defects of superficial palmar arch of the patients. The patients had different degrees of tendon damage, and injuries of nerve, deep palmar arch, common palmar digital artery or proper palmar digital artery. The length of the vessel defect was 6.0-10.0 cm. Blood supply insufficiency occurred in 1st-5th digits in 1 case, 2nd-4th fingers in 5 cases, and 2nd-5th fingers in 2 cases. The anterior lateral malleolar venous network was transferred to repair 3 broken ends of vessels in 5 cases, 4 broken ends in 1 case and 5 broken ends in 2 cases. The wound of hand was sutured directly in 2 cases. The emergency surgical repair of the wound of hand by transfer of ALTPF was performed in 2 patients, and elective ALTPF transfer in 3 cases. Forearm dorsi-ulnar flap transfer was performed in 1 case. The follow-up reviews were carried out via the outpatient clinic visit, telephone, WeChat interviews or home visits. The blood supply of the distal digit, skin sensation, TPD, the range of motion of the phalangeal joints were observed.Results:The results showed that all the digits and the grafted flaps survived. The follow-up was carried out for 10-53 months, with an average of 17.9 months. The functions of digit extension and flexion, finger opposition and thumb opposition were restored in 5 cases, and the patients returned back to former jobs. The finger flexion and thumb opposition were limited in 3 cases, and these cases participated in light physical work. The proprioception of the digits were recovered, and the TPD was 5-7 mm. Functional recovery was evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association and rated as excellent in 5 cases and good in 3 cases. The donor sites of the foot showed a linear scar. There was no effect on the function and the shape of the donor site.Conclusion:The anterior lateral malleolar venous network grafting is an ideal method in repair of the defects of superficial palmar arch.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for pharmacy staff to choose different drug label databases according to different needs.METHODS:The information organization mode of the three open access drug label databases that included Drugs@FDA,FDA Online Label Repository and DailyMed had been collected and analyzed comparatively from three aspects:retrieval function settings,search results display,data resources and service targets.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:In respect of retrieval function,DailyMed provided the most abundant retrieval functions than others.In respects of search results display,DailyMed provided the highest degree of formatted data,followed by FDA Online Label Repository,while Drugs@FDA provided semi-formatted data.Three databases provided the functions of page replication and printing,among which the interface of DailyMed was friendlier and the content of DailyMed was more open;it provided all the download functions.In respects of data resources and service targets,developers of Drugs@FDA and FDA Online Label Repository were FDA,and that of DailyMed was National Library of Medicine (NLM).The data sources used by Drugs@FDA were the drug labels after strict approval by FDA,and the description of drug information by Drugs@FDA was the most comprehensive.FDA Online Label Repository was the original drug labels submitted by the manufacturer to FDA,which was the latest content,and even included unlisted drugs.The data sources of DailyMed were from the information listed on the drug package,and included the information of drug label which was listed but not approved strictly;it covered most comprehensive drugs.