Tick-borne encephalitis is a central nervous system disease caused by infections with tick-borne pathogens, which is characterized by severe clinical symptoms, multiple sequelae, and a high fatality rate. Currently, there is no cure for tick-borne encephalitis. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most common pathogen of tick-borne encephalitis. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of TBEV contributes to reducing the mortality of tick-borne encephalitis, improving patients' prognosis, and reducing the risk of TBEV transmission. The currently available serological tests for detection of TBEV infections mainly include neutralization test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay, and nucleic acid tests mainly include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), reverse transcription polymerase spiral reaction, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas)-based assays. This review summarizes the progress of researches on serological and nucleic acid tests for detection of TBEV infections, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of tick-borne encephalitis.

BACKGROUND:At present,many drugs used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome are super-designated drugs,and the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome still faces great challenges.Studies have shown that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can repair ovarian function,but few studies have reported their therapeutic effect on polycystic ovary syndrome. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on polycystic ovary syndrome,and to preliminarily explore the correlation between mitochondrial autophagy and the improvement of polycystic ovary syndrome by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone for 20 days into C57BL/6J mice.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(2×106)were injected through the caudal vein.After treatment,vaginal secretions were collected for 10 consecutive days to detect the estrus cycle of mice.At 2 weeks after treatment,the levels of sex hormones in the peripheral blood of mice,including luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone,were detected by ELISA.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate ovarian histopathology.Finally,mitochondrial autophagy in ovaries was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy,follicles at different stages(primitive follicles,primary follicles,and secondary follicles)appeared in the ovary of polycystic ovary syndrome mice,and luteal tissue could be seen,indicating that ovulation function of mice was effectively improved.(2)Polycystic ovary syndrome mice treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells had sex hormone levels.(3)Untreated polycystic ovary syndrome mice were found to be in the estrous stage for a long time,lacking estrous interphase and estrous phase,but after human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy,the estrous cycle returned to a normal level.(4)After treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,the mitochondrial autophagy of polycystic ovary syndrome mice was significantly reduced.(5)The results show that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can effectively improve the symptoms of endocrine disorders and promote ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome mice,which may be related to the inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy.

The clinical diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome combined with Fanconi syndrome is relatively rare. The paper reports a 47-year-old female patient of TINU syndrome with hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia and renal impairment as initial symptoms followed by uveitis. Serological tests showed that the patient also met the diagnostic criteria of Fanconi syndrome. Renal tissue pathology confirmed tubular interstitial injury, manifested as interstitial nephritis with acute tubular injury. Ophthalmic examination confirmed iritis in the right eye. After excluding other primary diseases, the patient was diagnosed as TINU syndrome with Fanconi syndrome. After glucocorticoid therapy, ocular symptoms, renal impairment and electrolyte disturbance were significantly improved.

[Objective] To investigate the status and epidemiological characteristics of suspected acute respiratory tract infection (ARIS) in children at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from July 2023 to June 2024, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of children in this area. [Methods] A total of 12 169 throat swab samples were collected from children with ARIS during this period, including 6 535 male children and 5 634 female children, with an age of M(Q1, Q3) of 6(3, 9) years old. Six types of respiratory pathogens were detected by multiple real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The children were grouped according to sex and age. Differences among groups were analyzed by χ² test, and epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens were explored from the perspectives of time dimension and infection type. [Results] Among the 12 169 samples, 8 241 were positive for six respiratory pathogens with a positive rate of 67.72% of which 6 823 (56.07%) were detected with single infection and 1 418 (11.65%) were detected with multiple infection. The detection rate of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) ranked first (21.81%). Among the six pathogens, only human rhinovirus (HRV) showed statistically significant differences in gender (P=0.003). There were significant differences in the pathogens detection rate between the age groups (P<0.001), with the highest pathogens detection rate in the 6-14 years of age group (72.49%). In terms of monthly pathogen detection rate, there showed statistical differences between different months (P<0.001); except HRV, which had two peak detection rates throughout the year, the other five pathogens had only one peak detection rate and the peak months were not completely overlapping. The monthly pathogen detection rate in each age group showed a trend consistent with the overall trend, but in all months of the year, adenovirus (ADV) and MP showed higher detection rates in the age group of 3-14 years, while respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) showed higher detection rates in the age group of <3 years. Among 8 241 children infected with respiratory pathogens, the proportion of fifteen types of dual infections showed significant statistical differences (P<0.001) and ADV+ MP co-infection accounted for the highest proportion (4.02%). There were significant differences in the proportion of dual infection types among different age groups. HRV+ RSV co-infection was the highest pattern in the <1 year group (1.55%) and the 1-<3 years group (1.77%). while ADV+ MP was the most common type of co-infection in 3-<6 years group (2.94%) and 6-14 years group (5.26%). [Conclusion] Between 2023 and 2024, the pathogen patterns of respiratory tract infection of children in Xi’an were mainly single infection type and the detection rate of MP was the highest. With the increase of age, the detection rates of ADV, influenza virus B and MP increased, but RSV decreased. Except HRV, which had two peak detection rates in spring and autumn, the other five pathogens showed a trend of "staggered outbreaks" in winter and spring. While the multiple infection types were mostly dual infection, HRV+ RSV co-infection was the dominant infection type in infants (<3 years), while ADV+ MP co-infection was the dominant infection type in school-age children (3-14 years).

Objective:To construct and verify a prognosis model of nomogram for the patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:7 118 clinical cases with locally advanced OSCC from 2010 to 2015 in SEER database were in-cluded and randomly divided into training set(TS)and validation set(VS)by a 7:3 ratio.In TS,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to screen and determine the prognostic factors of locally advanced OSCC,and a nomogram predic-tion model was constructed to predict the cancer specific survival rate(CSS)of patients in 3 and 5 years.In TS and VS,the consis-tency index(C-index)and ROC curves were used to evaluate the differentiation of the model,the calibration curves were used to eval-uate the prediction accuracy of the model,and the decision curve analysis(DC A)method was used to evaluate the clinical applicabil-ity of the model.Results:4 984 and 2 134 cases were respectively included in TS and VS.No statistical difference of the analysis in-dexes was found between the 2 sets(P＞0.05).10 risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with locally advanced OSCC were identified in TS,including age,sex,race,marital status,location of onset,degree of histological differentiation,T stage,N stage,with or without operation and radiotherapy(P＜0.05).In the TS and VS,the C-index of the nomogram was 0.702 and 0.704 respectively,and the AUC of the 3-year and 5-year CSS was between 0.727 and 0.736.The calibra-tion curves showed that the 3-and 5-year CSS predicted by the nomogram model was in good agreement with the actual CSS.The DCA curves showed that the clinical benefit of the nomogram was better than that of the 7th e-dition of the AJCC TNM staging system.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed in this study can accurately predict the survival rate of OSCC patients with locally advanced tumor.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women, and early diagnosis, coupled with optimized treatment strategies is crucial for improving the prognosis. In recent years, with the advancement of nanotechnology, manganese-based nanomaterials have shown potential in various aspects of early breast cancer diagnosis, drug delivery, and tumor treatment. Compared to other nanomaterials, manganese-based nanomaterials exhibit excellent biocompatibility and have become a significant focus in the research of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Complicated crown root fracture is a serious combined fracture of the enamel,dentin,and cementum in dental trauma.The treatment method is complicated.During the procedure,the condition of pulp,periodontal,and tooth body should be thoroughly evaluated,and a multidisciplinary approach combined with sequential treatment is recom-mended.This case reported the different treatment and repair processes of one case of two affected teeth after complicat-ed crown root fracture of upper anterior teeth,including regrafting of broken crown after flap surgery at the first visit,di-rect resin repair to remove broken fragments,and pulp treatment and post-crown repair at the second visit.After 18 months of follow-up,the preservation treatment of the affected teeth with complicated crown root fracture was achieved.Therefore,fragment reattachment and post-crown restoration are feasible treatment options for children with complicated crown root fracture.

Objective:To investigate the strategies and clinical effects of free tissue flaps in repairing massive destructive burn wounds.Methods:This study was a retrospective observational study. From June 2014 to October 2023, 51 burn patients with 53 massive destructive burn wounds which met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, including 47 males and 4 females, aged 21 to 77 years. After debridement, the wound area needed to be repaired by tissue flaps ranged from 20.0 cm×12.5 cm to 50.0 cm×15.0 cm. Emergency, early, or delayed transplantation of tissue flaps was performed to repair the wounds. Six head, face, and neck wounds, 5 upper limb wounds, and 1 lower limb wound were repaired with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. Eleven upper limb wounds and 6 lower limb wounds were repaired with anterolateral thigh flaps. Seven upper limb wounds, 5 lower limb wounds, and 2 face and neck wounds were repaired with paraumbilical perforator flaps. One lower limb wound was repaired with lower abdominal flap. Two face and neck wounds, 2 upper limb wounds, and 1 lower limb wound were repaired with inguinal flaps. One upper limb wound was repaired with scapular flap. One trunk wound was repaired with the "fillet flap" from the abandoned upper limb after amputation. Three head, face, and neck wounds, 3 lower limb wounds, and 1 upper limb wound were repaired with omental flaps. Four wounds were repaired by combined transplantation of the above-mentioned tissue flaps. Three wounds were repaired by fractional transplantation of the above-mentioned tissue flaps. The size of a single harvested tissue flap ranged from 15.0 cm×5.0 cm to 45.0 cm×25.0 cm. The arterial and venous anastomoses were added as the circumstances might require to improve tissue flap circulation. The wounds in the flap donor sites were sutured directly or repaired by split-thickness skin grafts from head. The general condition of patients during treatment was recorded. After surgery, the survival of tissue flaps, the healing of wounds in the recipient sites, limb salvage, the healing of wounds in the flap donor sites, and the survival of skin grafts were observed. The healing of wounds in the recipient sites was observed during follow-up. At the last follow-up, the upper limb function after successful limb salvage was evaluated by the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Disability Scoring Scale, the weight-bearing walking ability of patients with successful lower limb salvage was evaluated by the Holden walking ability classification, and the patient's satisfaction with the efficacy was assessed by 5-grade Likert scale.Results:During treatment, one case with electrical burn of the head suffered from aggravated cerebral edema, cerebral hernia and coma recurred. After dehydration, hormone therapy, and so on, the patient recovered and incomplete hemiplegia on the right limb was left. The shock symptoms of 4 patients got worse, which were gradually controlled after anti-shock with fluid supplement and colloid injection. One patient developed hemorrhagic shock after tissue flap transplantation, which was corrected by fluid infusion and red blood cell suspension transfusion. Vascular crisis occurred in 3 tissue flaps after surgery, of which 2 survived and 1 eventually became necrotic after exploration. Partial necrosis occurred in 2 tissue flaps and slight necrosis occurred at the edge of 5 tissue flaps, which all healed after tissue flap trimming, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), and skin grafting treatment. All the other tissue flaps survived. There were 12 recipient wounds with residual necrotic tissue after surgery, which healed after debridement, VSD, and skin grafting treatment. The remaining 41 wounds healed well. Among the 40 limb wounds of 39 patients, 5 patients had 3 upper limb and 2 lower limb amputations. The remaining 35 limbs of 34 patients were successfully salvaged. The donor site wounds healed well, and the skin grafts survived well. During the follow-up of 6 to 52 months, all the head, face, neck, and trunk wounds were well repaired. The fester recurred in 7 limb wounds 3 to 9 months after surgery and healed after debridement, drainage, and tissue flap repair. At the last follow-up, the functional scores of 22 upper limbs after successful limb salvage ranged from 0 to 100 (with an average of 50), and the Holden walking ability classification of 12 patients with 13 lower limbs after successful limb salvage was level Ⅴ in 8 cases, level Ⅳ in 2 cases, and level Ⅲ in 2 cases. The patients were very satisfied with the efficacy in 33 cases, relatively satisfied in 12 cases, and not quite satisfied in 6 cases.Conclusions:Systematic evaluation and treatment of the whole body condition, choosing the appropriate repair time, and using appropriate tissue flaps to repair massive destructive burn wounds will help ensure the safety of treatment, improve the repair effect, and reduce the injury of donor sites, thus optimizing the repair effect.

Objectives:To explore the clinical use and observe the clinical efficacy of the Pivox system in oblique lateral interbody fusion(OLIF)in treating single-segment lumbar spinal diseases.Methods:The clini-cal data of patients with single-segment lumbar spinal diseases(Discogenic low back pain,lumbar spondylolis-thesis,lumbar spinal stenosis)who underwent OLIF without posterior instrumentation from May 2020 to Jan-uary 2021 in our hospital were collected,including 36 males and 33 females,aged 32-79 years old(59.1±5.9 years).And the patients were divided into OLIF stand-alone group(39 patients)and Pivox+OLIF group(30 pa-tients).The perioperative parameters of the two groups of patients were compared,including incision length,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,and length of hospital stay.The visual analogue scale(VAS)and Os-westry disability index(ODI)were assessed before operation,at 1 week,1,3,6 and 12 months after operation for clinical efficacy.The intervertebral disc height,foraminal height and foraminal area before and after oper-ation,and the fusion rate were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Complications were recorded and compared as well.Results:The patients were followed up for 14.0±0.3 months(12-18 months).No signif-icant differences were found between the two groups in gender,age,disease type,operative level,bone min-eral density(BMD),or body mass index(BMI)(P＞0.05).The operative time in OLIF group was shorter than that in Pivox+OLIF group(P＜0.05),while there were no significant differences in blood loss,incision length and hospital stay(P＞0.05).The VAS score and ODI index in both groups before surgery were higher than those at 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(P＜0.05).No significant differences in VAS and ODI were found at 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery between the two groups,respectively(P＞0.05).The intervertebral disc height,foraminal height and foraminal area at postoperative 1 week,6 and 12 months were all greater than those before operation in both groups,while the increase values of intervertebral disc height,foraminal height and foraminal area in Pivox+OLIF group were greater than those in OLIF group at 1 week,and 6 and 12 months after surgery,but without statistical differ-ences(P＞0.05).Cage subsidence occurred in both groups,and cage displacement was noticed in two cases in the OLIF group,while none was there in the Pivox+OLIF group.There were no significant differences in fu-sion rate and incidence of complications between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:The short-term effect of Pivox+OLIF procedure in the treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative diseases is satisfactory,but comparing with stand-alone OLIF,Pivox+OLIF has no obvious advantage in spinal canal decompression and preventing cage subsidence.

Objectives:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of unilateral approach contralateral under-cutting decompression assisted with ultrasonic osteotome in treating severe degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods:174 patients with severe degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis who were treated with ultrasonic os-teotome assisted unilateral approach contralateral undercutting decompression between June 2018 and June 2021 were collected[unilateral approach bilateral decompression transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLID group,group A],and 129 patients undergone bilateral transforaminal decompression during the same period were randomly selected as control(bilateral small incision TLIF group,group B).The perioperative parameters such as incision length,operative time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage,and length of hospital stay were recorded and compared between the two groups.Creatine phosphokinase(CPK)test was performed to evaluate muscle damage conditions,and visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry disability index(ODI)were used to evaluate the postoperative therapeutic effects.The complications and fusion conditions were compared between the two groups.Results:There wasn't significant difference in average length of bilateral incisions and length of hospital stays between the two groups(P＞0.05).Group A was less significantly than group B in terms of operative time,intraoperative blood loss,and postoperative drainage,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The preoperative CPK value was comparable between the two groups(P＞0.05),and on postoperative 1d and 3d it was statistically greater in group B than in group A(P＜0.05),but on postoperative 5d it wasn't sig-nificantly different between the two groups(P＞0.05).The postoperative VAS scores and ODI improved com-pared with the preoperative values in both groups on postoperative 3d,at 1 month,3 months,and 12 months(P＜0.05),and there was no statistical difference between the two groups respectively at the same follow-up period(P＞0.05),even though group A was better in ODI and VAS than group B at 12 months after operation.There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative complications such as dural tear,incision fat liquefaction,cerebrospinal fluid leakage and postoperative infection.Group A was less in the pro-portion of postoperative worsening lower limb numbness and rebound of hip/lower limb symptoms than in group B(P＜0.05).1 year after operation,12 cases in group A were not fused,and 8 cases in group B were not fused.There was no statistically significant difference in the bone graft fusion between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Comparing with bilateral small incision TLIF,ultrasonic osteotome assisted unilateral ap-proach contralateral undercutting decompression also can achieve good treatment results,which features in less trauma,less effects on spinal stability,shorter operative time,and less intraoperative blood loss,and therefore worth in clinical promotion.