Objective:To evaluate the hemostatic effects of our self-designed pelvic band with inflatable balloon in a swine model of hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture.Methods:"Open-book like" fractures were created with the external iliac blood vessels exposed in 24 12-month-old female Bama miniature pigs which were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=6). Group C (the control group) was subjected to no treatment other than exposure of the external iliac blood vessels, group D to no treatment following destruction of the external iliac blood vessels, group T1 to fixation with simple pelvic band after destruction of the external iliac blood vessels, and group T2 to fixation with our self-designed pelvic band with inflatable balloon after destruction of the external iliac blood vessels. The 4 groups were compared in terms of 40-min survival rate, bladder pressure, peak lactate value, total blood loss, bleeding rate, infusion rate, and angiographic images. Results:There was no significant difference in the baseline indexes among the 4 groups before experiment, showing comparability ( P>0.05). The 40-min survival rate in group T2 was 83.3% (5/6), significantly higher than that in groups D and T1 [0% (0/6) and 0% (0/6)] ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences among groups C, D, T1 and T2 in bladder pressure [(6.67±1.03) mmHg, (5.83±1.94) mmHg, (6.00±1.55) mmHg, and (6.00±1.10) mmHg] or in total blood loss among groups D, T1 and T2[(1,198.0±182.9) mL, (1,252.0±148.4) mL, and (1,150.0±125.7) mL] (all P>0.05). The peak lactate value in group T2 [(2.26±0.24) mmol/L] was significantly lower than that in group D [(5.00±0.60) mmol/L] and group T1 [(3.86±0.57) mmol/L], and the bleeding rate and infusion rate in group T2 [(25.83±5.49) mL/min and (26.00±4.69) mL/min] were also significantly lower than those in group D [(83.50±19.85) mL/min and (71.50±29.11) mL/min] and group T1 [(54.17±15.59) mL/min and (54.17±8.98) mL/min] (all P<0.05). Angiography showed contrast agent extravasation in group T2, especially from the artery, but the extravasation speed in group T2 was significantly slower than that in group D. Conclusion:In a swine model of hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture, our self-designed pelvic band with inflatable balloon has a definite hemostatic effect on vascular injury which is better than that of a simple pelvic band.

China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer. In recent years, with the deepening research, the value of neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer has been widely approved by clinicians, compared with surgery alone or adjuvant therapy. However, the survival results of different neoadjuvant therapy options may be quite different, and many problems remain unresolved. In this article, a systemic literature review was carried out to summarize the radiotherapy target, radiotherapy dose, chemotherapy regimen of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and time to surgery, as well as review the research status and progress on targeted therapy and immunotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer.

Objective : To investigate the effect of (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP⁃1) on inner ear hair cell injury with noise⁃induced hearing loss and its potential mechanism in rats. Methods : Twenty Specific pathogen⁃free (SPF) Sprague⁃Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group and noise exposure group. The rats of noise exposure were exposed to 4 kHz at 101 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 8 h. Auditory brainstem responses(ABR) were measured in animals before noise exposure and 24 h after noise exposure. Surface preparation , transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were performed on cochlea tissuesto elucidate changes in Epac expression in rat after noise exposure. The expression levels of Epac1、Rap1、CaMK⁃ Ⅱ、Bax、Bcl⁃2、cleaved caspase3(CC3) and cleaved caspase9(CC9) were analyzed using Western blot. Results : There was found a stable temporary threshold shift after noise exposure( P < 0. 05) . The missing of outer hair cells occurred after noise exposure(P < 0. 05) . Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the epidermis plate of HCs was partially dissolved , with loss or fusion of stereocilia , some HC organelles showed serious injuries after noise exposure. Epac1 immunostaining intensities were substantially enhanced in OHCs after noise exposure( P < 0. 05) . The expression levels of Epac1 , CaMK⁃ Ⅱ and Rap1 protein were significantly up⁃regulated after noise exposure(P < 0. 05) . The expression level of Bcl⁃2 was significantly down⁃regulated after noise exposure(P < 0. 05) . The expression levels of Bax , CC3 and CC9 were significantly up⁃regulated after noise exposure(P < 0. 05) . Conclusion Epac1 ⁃Rap1 signaling pathway mediates the early pathological damage in noise⁃exposed cochlea , and participates in the regulation of inner ear hair cells apoptosis. Epac1 ⁃Rap1 pathway is expected to become a new target for intervention in noise⁃induced hearing loss.

Objective To observe the oral Simotang plus traditional Chinese medicine enema in treatment of postoperative adhesion intestinal obstruction in patients with colon cancer.Methods The clinical data of 45 colon cancer patients with postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction was analyzed retrospectively.The patients were randomly divided into control group (22 cases) and treatment group (23 cases).The control group was given conventional treatment,the treatment group was treated with oral Simotang plus traditional Chinese medicine enema on the basis of conventional treatment.The clinical efficacy,traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral,serum endothelin (ET),tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and other indicators were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates in control group and treatment group were 86.4 ％ (19/22) and 91.3 ％ (21/23),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =5.201,P =0.016).The operation rates in control group and treatment group were 13.6 ％ (3/22) and 8.7 ％ (2/23),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =3.622,P =0.027).The treatment group had shorter gastrointestinal recovery time and hospitalization time,the difference was statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral in two groups had no significant difference (t =0.826,P ＞ 0.05),after treatment,the integral in treatment group was lower than that in control group (t =0.553,P ＜ 0.05).In treatment group,the differences of ET,TNF-α,IL-6 between 3,5,7 d and 1 d were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01),and compared with the control group at the same time,there were obvious advantages(all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The efficacy of oral Simotang and traditional Chinese medicine enema in treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction after resection of colorectal cancer is clear,it is worthy of clinical application.

The mechanisms of food allergy include IgE-mediated and non IgE-mediated immune responses.Food intolerance is the reaction of defected digestive function caused by many factors in which the immune system is not involved.Clinically,the cases of food intolerance are increasing and the symptoms of the disease are usually complicated.Clinicians are facing the problem of differential diagnosis of food allergy and food intolerance,this article reviews the mechanisms of these two diseases to provide the reference for differential diagnosis.

Objective To explore the correlation of the myeloid antigen expression and clinical characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children.Methods The clinical data of 77 newly diagnosed ALL patients in Department of Hematology,the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Jan.2010 to Dec.2013 were analyzed.The patients included 53 boys and 24 girls with a median age of 7.73 (2.00-15.00) years old.Based on flow cytometry (FCM) analysis of bone marrow,these patients were divided into 2 groups:one group included 26 patients with positive myeloid antigen expression (MyAg + ALL) and the other group included 51 patients with negative myeloid antigen expressions (MyAg-ALL).The correlation among myeloid antigen expression,clinical features,prednisone experiment,myelogram on the 15th day was analyzed through induction chemotherapy and minimal residual disease (MRD) on the 33rd day,and the rate of disease-free survival (DFS) was compared between the 2 groups.Results There were 26 cases with myeloid antigen expression among 77 patients (33.77％),CD13 + accounting for 19.48％ (15/77 cases),CD33 + 10.39％ (8/77 cases),and CD117 + 5.19％ (4/77 cases).Among these patients,there were 2 patients expressing both CD13 + and CD33 +,and 1 patient expressing both CD33 + and CD117 +.There was no difference between the MyAg + ALL group and MyAg-ALL group in gender (x2 =0.217,P =0.641),age (≥ 10 years old,x2 =0.011,P =0.918),white blood count(≥50 × 109/L,x2 =1.198,P =0.274),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (≥500 U/L,x2 =0.317,P =0.573),genetic abnormality (x2 =0.377,P =0.539),immunophenotype (B-ALL/T-ALL,x2 =0.397,P =0.529),and risk stratification (low-risk group,middle-risk group and high-risk group,x2 =0.260,P =0.878).Univariate Logistic regression showed that the reaction rate of prednisone experiment (P =0.023,OR =3.422) and positive rate of MRD (P =0.001,OR =0.133) of MyAg + ALL group were obviously higher than those in MyAg-ALL group.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that positive rate of MRD in CD13 + ALL group was obviously higher than that of CD13-ALL group (P =0.034,OR =120.765).The DFS rate of CD13 + ALL group and CD13-ALL group were (50.4 ± 13.8)％ and (77.4 ±6.7)％ respectively,and there was a significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =3.928,P =0.047).Conclusions There is no significant correlation between myeloid antigen expression and clinical characteristics of children patients with ALL.For the patients with myeloid antigens,the early reaction of induction chemotherapy is bad,and for patients with CD13,the prognosis is not good.

Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; immunology ; Multiple Myeloma ; immunology

Objective To estimate the value of detection of Merkel cell carcinoma polyomavirus (MCPyV)in the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).Methods Two cases of MCC were studied using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.PCR was performed to detect DNA sequences encoding MCPyV large T antigen(LT)and viral protein 1 (VP1) in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from the two patients with MCC,five patients with T cell lymphoma,two normal human controls,as well as in two T cell lymphoma cell lines MAC 1 and MAC2.DNA sequencing was also carried out.Results Both of the patients with MCC were male.The patient 1 presented with a mass in the right anterior shin for more than one year,and the patient 2 had a mass in the left knee for more than six months.Skin examination revealed densely distributed pink nodules in the right anterior shin,with confluence into an indurated plaque which measured 10 cm × 8 cm with superficial erosion,exudates and crusts and was surrounded by multiple irregularly sized erythematous nodules with limited mobility in the patient 1,as well as a royal blue,hard,poorly marginated nodular mass measuring 5 cm × 4 cm in the left medial knee with limited mobility in the patient 2.Pathological manifestations were similar in the two patients.Tumor cells were uniform with large hyperchromatic nuclei,eosinophilic and sparse cytoplasm,and fine chromatin.Mitotic figures were easily seen.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells stained positive for pan-cytokeratin,synuclein (Syn),neuron-specific enolase (NSE),chromogranin (CgA),CK20,and Ki-67 (＞ or =60％),but negative for S100 protein,HMB45,CD34,thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTT-1),CK7 and leukocyte common antigen (LCA).MCPyV DNA was detected in both MCC specimens,but absent in the other skin specimens or T cell lymphoma cell lines.Conclusions MCC has distinctive clinical and pathological appearance.Immunohistochemistry and detection of MCPyV DNA sequences using PCR may be beneficial to the definitive diagnosis of MCC.

The instability of secondary metabolite production is a ubiquitous problem in plant cell culture. In order to understand the instability in plant cell culture, we investigated anthocyanin accumulation in suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera, as a model system, in our laboratory. Not only the anthocyanin contents but also its composition exhibited instability along with the long-term subculture. New methods were developed to indicate the instability of plant cell culture. Both the definition of instability coefficient (delta) and the application of factor scores were the first time in this field. To examine the effects of culture conditions on instability of anthocyanin biosynthesis, different subculture cycles and inoculum sizes had been investigated. Subculture cycle and inoculum size were both environmental cues driving the instability. Compared with subculture cycle, inoculum size was more effective in working on the instability of anthocyanin accumulation. Among all the conditions investigated in our study, (6.5 d, 2.00 g), (7 d, 2.00 g), (7.5 d, 2.00 g), (7 d, 1.60 g) and (7 d, 2.40 g), the condition of 7 d-subculture cycle together with 1.60 g-inoculum size was the best one to keep the stable production of anthocyanins.
Anthocyanins ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Time Factors ; Vitis ; growth & development ; metabolism

Purpose: To investigate the clinical effect of Yin-reinforcing and Blood-nourishing Drink plus electroacupuncture in the treatment of senile skin pruritus. Methods: Eighty patients were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group was treated with Yin-reinforcing and Blood-nourishing Drink plus electroacupuncture and the control group, with Western medicine. Results: The total effective rate was 100.0% in the treatment group and 67.5% in the control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion: This therapy has a better effect on senile skin pruritus.