ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Dihuangyin on 2， 4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB） -induced model mice with atopic dermatitis （AD）. MethodA mouse model with AD was established by repeatedly stimulating the back skin of mice with DNCB. After successful modeling， the mice were randomly divided into model group， Runzao group （0.78 g·kg^-1）， and high， medium， and low dose （40.30， 20.15， and 10.08 g·kg^-1） groups of Dihuangyin， with 12 mice in each group， and the blank group consisted of 12 mice， 72 in total. The administration groups were given the corresponding liquid by dose， and the blank group and model group were given the same dose of pure water by intragastric administration， once a day. The skin lesions and scratching times of mice were observed after continuous administration for two weeks. The back skin lesions of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and toluidine blue to observe the pathology. The contents of serum immunoglobulin E （IgE）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interferon-γ （IFN-γ） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ， IL-4， IL-6， Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）， and transcriptional activator 3 （STAT3） in skin lesion tissue were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expressions of JAK1， phosphorylation（p）-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 proteins in skin lesion tissue were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the back skin of the model group showed large-scale scab， dryness， erosion， hypertrophy with scratching， epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis， hyperacanthosis with edema， and a large number of mast cell infiltration in the dermis， some of which were degranulated. The contents of IgE， IL-4， IL-6， and IFN-γ in the serum of mice were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of p-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 and mRNA expressions of IL-4， IL-6， IFN-γ， JAK1， and STAT3 in skin lesion tissue were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， only a small amount of dryness and desquamation were observed in the back skin of mice in each administration group， and cell edema was reduced. The inflammatory infiltration was significantly reduced， and the number of mast cell infiltration was significantly decreased. The serum IgE， IL-4， IL-6， and IFN-γ of mice were decreased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of p-JAK1， STAT3， and p-STAT3 and mRNA expressions of IL-4， IL-6， IFN-γ， JAK1， and STAT3 in skin lesion tissue were significantly decreased， and the effect of high dose group of Dihuangyin was the best （P<0.01）. ConclusionDihuangyin can improve skin lesions and pruritus in mice with AD， and its mechanism may be related to the effective regulation of cytokines on the helper T cells （Th1）/Th2 axis by interfering with the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway and affecting skin barrier function.

Background::Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are known to be at a significant risk of experiencing long-term adverse events, emphasizing the importance of regular assessments. Evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL) serves as a direct method to gauge prognosis. Our objective is to ascertain the prognostic significance of consecutive HRQoL assessments using the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) derived from the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) health survey in CABG patients.Methods::The study population consisted of 433 patients who underwent isolated elective CABG at Fuwai Hospital between 2012 and 2013. SF-36 assessments were conducted during both the hospitalization period and follow-up. The primary endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality, while the secondary outcome was a composite measure including death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization. We assessed the relationships between the PCS and MCS at baseline, as well as their changes during the first 6 months after the surgery (referred to as ΔPCS and ΔMCS, respectively), and the observed outcomes.Results::The patients were followed for an average of 6.28 years, during which 35 individuals (35/433, 8.1%) died. After adjusting for clinical variables, it was observed that baseline MCS scores (hazard ratio [HR] for a 1-standard deviation [SD] decrease, 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.30) and ΔMCS (HR for a 1-SD decrease, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.09–2.56) were associated with all-cause mortality. However, baseline PCS scores and ΔPCS did not exhibit a significant relationship with all-cause mortality. Notably, there was a dose-response relationship observed between ΔMCS and the likelihood of all-cause mortality (HRs for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles compared to the 1st quartile, 0.33, 0.45 and 0.11, respectively).Conclusions::Baseline MCS and changes in MCS were independent predictors for long-term mortality of CABG. Better mental health status and recovery indicated better prognosis.

PURPOSE: This cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to analyze the anatomical characteristics of alveolar bone at mandibular first molar (MFM) and their implications for immediate implant placement surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients with 140 MFMs were reviewed retrospectively. We first performed a 3D reconstruction of the patient’s CBCT data to determine a reference plane with ideal implant placement and orientation. The following parameters of MFM region were analyzed: mesial-distal socket size (MDSS), buccal-lingual socket size (BL-SS), root furcation fornix to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) distance (RF-I), interradicular bone thickness (IRB), mesial/distal root apex to the IAN distance (MRA-I/DRA-I), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the mesial root (MR-B/MR-L), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the distal root (DR-B/DR-L). RESULTS: The MD-SS of MFM was 8.74 ± 0.76 mm, and the BLSS was 8.26 ± 0.72 mm. The MR-B, DR-B was 1.01 ± 0.40 mm and 1.14 ± 0.50 mm, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .001). The values of the MR-L, DR-L were 2.71 ± 0.78 mm and 3.09 ± 0.73 mm, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < .001). The mean distance of RF-I was 15.68 ± 2.13mm, and the MRA-I was 7.06 ± 2.22 mm, which was greater than that of DRA-I (6.48 ± 2.30 mm, P < .001). The IRB at 2 mm, 4 mm apical from the furcation fornix, and at apex level was 2.81 ± 0.50 mm, 3.30 ± 0.62 mm, and 4.44 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION There is relatively sufficient bone mass in interradicular bone in height, but an adequate width is lacking for the bone between the mesial and distal root after the extraction of the MFM for immediate implantation. The thickness of the MFM buccal bone is relative thin, especially for the mesial root.

Objective:To investigate influences of ginsenoside Rg1 regulating miR-144-3p on neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier damage in rats with experimental cerebral hemorrhage,and its regulation on formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2)/p38 path-way.Methods:Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into control group,cerebral hemorrhage group,ginsenoside Rg1 low-dose group(10 mg/kg),ginsenoside Rg1 high-dose group(40 mg/kg),ginsenoside Rg1 high-dose+ago-miR-144-3p group(40 mg/kg ginseno-side Rg1+ago-miR-144-3p),with 18 mice in each group.Except for control group,experimental intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was constructed by injecting collagenase Ⅱ into right caudate nucleus,and then each group was given intraperitoneal administration and intracerebral injection as required.Neurological damage in rats was scored;rat brain water content was determined by dry-wet spe-cific gravity method;levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in rat brain tissues homogenate were determined by ELISA;ultrastructure around cerebral edema was observed by electron microscope;permeability of blood-brain barrier in rats was determined by Evans blue(EB)method;expressions of miR-144-3p/FPR2/p38 pathway were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Results:Compared with control group,blood-brain barrier damage was aggravated in cerebral hemorrhage group,neurological function damage score,brain water content,miR-144-3p,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,p38 mRNA,p-p38/p38 expressions in brain homogenate were increased(P<0.05),FPR2 mRNA and protein expressions were decreased(P<0.05);compared with cerebral hemorrhage group,blood-brain barrier damage was reduced in ginsenoside Rg1 low-dose group and ginsenoside Rg1 high-dose group,neurological function damage score,brain water content,miR-144-3p,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,p38 mRNA,p-p38/p38 expressions in brain homogenate were decreased(P<0.05),FPR2 mRNA and protein expressions were increased(P<0.05);ago-miR-144-3p was able to reverse protective effects of gin-senoside Rg1 on blood-brain barrier and neuroinflammation in rats(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rg1 may inhibit blood-brain barrier damage and neuroinflammation in rats by regulating miR-144-3p/FPR2/p38 axis.

BACKGROUND: Primary lung squamous carcinoma that produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is rare and only four related cases have been reported so far. The specific reasons for elevated serum level of AFP and effective treatment regimens for AFP-producing lung squamous carcinoma are not clear. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of AFP-producing lung squamous carcinoma so as to provide some references for similar cases in clinical practice. METHODS: The diagnosis and treatment of an AFP-producing lung squamous carcinoma patient admitted to the Shandong Cancer Hospital on October 23, 2020 was retrospectively analyzed, and literatures were reviewed. RESULTS: A 52-year-old male patient was diagnosed as T4N3M0 stage, IIIc right upper lobe lung squamous cell carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node metastasis and multiple metastases in the lung. The main tumor marker was abnormally increased serum AFP. After the rapid progression of two lines chemotherapy, the patient was given anlotinib combined with carrizumab as third-line treatment. The efficacy evaluation reached to partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) after 2 and 4 cycles of treatment, respectively. The treatment regimen was replaced with albumin paclitaxel plus carrizumab due to gastrointestinal bleeding after the fifth cycle. The patient's condition was under continuous control. CONCLUSIONS The AFP-producing lung squamous carcinoma patient had a good response to anlotinib and immunotherapy in the case report, which may provide some guidances for the clinical practice and the research on AFP-producing lung squamous carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; alpha-Fetoproteins

At present , methamphetamine has become a major hidden danger in global public health safety. In order to judge methamphetamine addicts and methamphetamine abstainers more scientifically and reliably, this study analyzed the endogenous metabolites in plasma, serum and urine of methamphetamine addicts, methamphetamine abstainers and healthy volunteers by highly sensitive high-throughput liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analytical instrument. The obtained metabolomic data were processed by univariate analysis (t-test) and multivariate analysis (PLS-DA and OPLS-DA) and eligible potential biomarkers were then screened.The identified biomarkers set enrichment analysis to find the connection between metabolites and metabolic pathways.Multivariate statistical results showed that methamphetamine acute group, recovery group and healthy group were clearly separated.3, 18 and 6 regulated metabolites were identified in serum, plasma and urine, respectively, suggesting that lipid metabolism was abnormal in methamphetamine acute group, and that fatty acid metabolism, sulfate/sulfite metabolism and sex hormone metabolism were abnormal in methamphetamine recovery group.The selected potential biomarkers in this study provide the possibility for scientific judgment of the clinical stage of methamphetamine detoxification.

In this study,a fluorescent(FL)aptasensor was developed for on-site detection of live Salmonella typhimurium(S.T.)and Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.P.).Complementary DNA(cDNA)of aptamer(Apt)-functionalized multicolor polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-perovskite quantum dots(cDNA-POSS-PQDs)were used as encoded probes and combined with dual-stirring-bar-assisted signal amplification for pathogen quantification.In this system,bar 1 was labeled with the S.T.and V.P.Apts,and then bar 2 was functionalized with cDNA-POSS-PQDs.When S.T.and V.P.were introduced,pathogen-Apt complexes would form and be released into the supernatant from bar 1.Under agitation,the two complexes reached bar 2 and subsequently reacted with cDNA-POSS-PQDs,which were immobilized on MXene.Then,the encoded probes would be detached from bar 2 to generate FL signals in the supernatant.Notably,the pathogens can resume their free state and initiate next cycle.They swim between the two bars,and the FL signals can be gradually enhanced to maximum after several cycles.The FL signals from released encoded probes can be used to detect the analytes.In particular,live pathogens can be distinguished from dead ones by using an assay.The detection limits and linear range for S.T.and V.P.were 30 and 10 CFU/mL and 102-106 CFU/mL,respectively.Therefore,this assay has broad application potential for simultaneous on-site detection of various live pathogenic bacteria in water.

Objective:To evaluate the possible mediation effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the association between educational level and the risk of lung cancer incidence.Methods:After excluding individuals with missing educational levels and cancer information at baseline, 446?772 participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) prospective cohort study were included. Cox regression models were used to investigate the associations of educational level and smoking and healthy diet score with the incidence of lung cancer. Mediating effect analysis was conducted to analyze the mediating effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the correlation between educational level and lung cancer.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.13 years, 1?994 new- onset lung cancer cases were observed. Per 1 standard deviation (5 years) increase in educational level was associated with a 12% lower risk of lung cancer ( HR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.84-0.92). The corresponding level 1-5 in the International Standard Classification for Education (ISCED) were mapped to UKB self‐report highest qualification to estimate the educational level. A higher rank means a higher educational level. Compared with level ISCED-1, the HR(95% CI) of level ISCED-2, ISCED-3, ISCED-4 and ISCED-5 were respectively 0.83 (0.72-0.94), 0.67 (0.53-0.85), 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.72 (0.64-0.80) for lung cancer. Education years were negatively correlated with smoking, with β coefficients (95% CI) being -0.079 (-0.081- -0.077), but positively correlated with healthy diet score ( β=0.042, 95% CI: 0.039-0.045). Analysis of mediating effect indicated that the association of educational level with lung cancer risk was mediated by smoking and healthy diet score, the proportions of mediating effect were 38.952% (95% CI: 31.802%-51.659%) and 1.784% (95% CI: 0.405%-3.713%), respectively. Conclusion:Smoking and healthy diet score might mediate the effect of educational level on the incidence of lung cancer, indicating that improving the level of education can reduce the risk of lung cancer by changing lifestyles such as smoking and diet.

Although genome-wide association studies have identified more than eighty genetic variants associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk, biological mechanisms of these variants remain largely unknown. By integrating a large-scale genotype data of 15 581 lung adenocarcinoma (AD) cases, 8350 squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) cases, and 27 355 controls, as well as multiple transcriptome and epigenomic databases, we conducted histology-specific meta-analyses and functional annotations of both reported and novel susceptibility variants. We identified 3064 credible risk variants for NSCLC, which were overrepresented in enhancer-like and promoter-like histone modification peaks as well as DNase I hypersensitive sites. Transcription factor enrichment analysis revealed that USF1 was AD-specific while CREB1 was SqCC-specific. Functional annotation and gene-based analysis implicated 894 target genes, including 274 specifics for AD and 123 for SqCC, which were overrepresented in somatic driver genes (ER = 1.95, P = 0.005). Pathway enrichment analysis and Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that AD genes were primarily involved in immune-related pathways, while SqCC genes were homologous recombination deficiency related. Our results illustrate the molecular basis of both well-studied and new susceptibility loci of NSCLC, providing not only novel insights into the genetic heterogeneity between AD and SqCC but also a set of plausible gene targets for post-GWAS functional experiments.
Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics* ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective:To compare the difference of LLD (leg length discrepancy) between robot-assisted and conventional methods of total hip arthroplasty (THA).Methods:Data of 38 patients who had THA performed by robot-assisted or conventional methods from January 2019 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 38 cases (54 hips) in robot-assisted THA group (robot group) with 18 males and 20 females (age 53.5±13.6 years, BMI 26.2±3.4 kg/m 2), and there were 21 cases (32 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head, 17 cases (22 hips) with Crown typeⅠandⅡdevelopmental dysplasia of the hip. There were 38 cases (54 hips) in conventional THA group (conventional group), with 19 males and 19 females, (age 52.3±14.7 years old, BMI 25.7±2.9 kg/m 2), and there were 19 cases (30 hips) with developmental dysplasia of the hip, and 19 cases (24 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The operative time, postoperative LLD, Harris score, forgotten joint score-12 (FJS-12) and the difference between preoperative and postoperative LLD between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between surgical methods and the change of hip length was also evaluated. Results:The operation time of the robot group was 73.3±14.1 min and which was 59.3±12.6 min in conventional THA group ( t=2.732, P=0.003). In the robot group, the postoperative LLD was 2.3±3.4 mm, which was less than that of the conventional group 6.7±5.4 mm ( t=3.521, P < 0.001). When the absolute value of LLD was larger than 5 mm as an abnormal value, it was 2.6% (1/38) in the robot group and 47.3% (18/38) in the conventional group. The difference of hip length (HL) in planning and post-operation in the robot group was 2.8±2.2 mm, which was smaller than that in the conventional THA group 7.9±5.3 mm ( t=2.357, P < 0.001). In addition, there was a correlation between the change of hip length results and the postoperative measurement of hip length in the robot group ( r=0.983, P < 0.001). At the last follow-up, Harris score and FJS-12 were recorded in the robot group and coventional group. The scores were 83.1±5.3 and 32.5±4.9 respectively in the robot group, 82.9±7.2 and 31.9±6.7 in the conventional group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( t=0.221, 0.356; P=0.819, 0.731). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 1 case in the robot group with postoperative suture healed well. The fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum was found in the conventional group and the patient avoids weight bearing 4 weeks after operation. The postoperative recovery was good and no other related complications were found. Conclusion:Robot-assisted THA can accurately restore the length of both legs and reduce LLD compared with conventional THA. The real-time monitoring of LLD during robot operation can give the operator an accurate reference.