ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on severe acute pancreatitis induced acute lung injury （SAP-ALI） by regulating formyl peptide receptors （FPRs）/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） inflammatory pathway. MethodsSixty rats were randomly divided into a sham group， a SAP-ALI model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose XBJ groups （4， 8， and 12 mL·kg^-1）， and a positive drug （BOC2， 0.2 mg·kg^-1） group. For the sham group， the pancreas of rats was only gently flipped after laparotomy， and then the abdomen was closed， while for the remaining five groups， SAP-ALI rat models were established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate （Na-Tc） via the biliopancreatic duct. XBJ and BOC2 were administered via intraperitoneal injection once daily for 3 d prior to modeling and 0.5 h after modeling. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta 6 h after the completion of modeling， and the expression of interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in plasma was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The amount of ascites was measured， and the dry-wet weight ratios of pancreatic and lung tissue were determined. Pancreatic and lung tissue was taken for hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe pathological changes and then scored. The protein expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue were detected by the immunohistochemical method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the SAP-ALI model group showed significantly decreased dry-wet weight ratio of lung tissue （P<0.01）， serious pathological changes of lung tissue， a significantly increased pathological score （P<0.01）， and significantly increased protein and mRNA expression levels of FPR1， FPR2， and NLRP3 in lung tissue （P<0.01）. After BOC2 intervention， the above detection indicators were significantly reversed （P<0.01）. After treatment with XBJ， the groups of different XBJ doses achieved results consistent with BOC2 intervention. ConclusionXBJ can effectively improve the inflammatory response of the lungs in SAP-ALI rats and reduce damage. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of FPRs and NLRP3 in lung tissue， which thereby reduces IL-1β and simultaneously antagonize the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α.

ObjectiveBased on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated the brain activity characteristics of gross motor tasks in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and motor dysfunctions (MDs) to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of MDs in children with ASD and designing targeted intervention programs from a central perspective. MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 children with ASD accompanied by MDs were recruited into the ASD group and 40 children with typically developing (TD) into the TD group. The fNIRS device was used to collect the information of blood oxygen changes in the cortical motor-related brain regions during single-handed bag throwing and tiptoe walking, and the differences in brain activation and functional connectivity between the two groups of children were analyzed from the perspective of brain activation and functional connectivity. ResultsCompared to the TD group, in the object manipulative motor task (one-handed bag throwing), the ASD group showed significantly reduced activation in both left sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and right secondary visual cortex (V2) (P<0.05), whereas the right pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex (PMC&SMA) had significantly higher activation (P<0.01) and showed bilateral brain region activity; in terms of brain functional integration, there was a significant decrease in the strength of brain functional connectivity (P<0.05) and was mainly associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and V2. In the body stability motor task (tiptoe walking), the ASD group had significantly higher activation in motor-related brain regions such as the DLPFC, SMC, and PMC&SMA (P<0.05) and showed bilateral brain region activity; in terms of brain functional integration, the ASD group had lower strength of brain functional connectivity (P<0.05) and was mainly associated with PMC&SMA and V2. ConclusionChildren with ASD exhibit abnormal brain functional activity characteristics specific to different gross motor tasks in object manipulative and body stability, reflecting insufficient or excessive compensatory activation of local brain regions and impaired cross-regions integration, which may be a potential reason for the poorer gross motor performance of children with ASD, and meanwhile provides data support for further unraveling the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of MDs in the context of ASD and designing targeted intervention programs from a central perspective.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy-driving mechanism of Danhong injection （DHI） in the treatment of stable angina pectoris （SAP） based on the composition-activity relationship of target modules and clarify the pharmacological effects of DHI. MethodAccording to the angina frequency （AF） in the Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） that was obtained in the previous clinical trial， the patients before and after DHI treatment were grouped based on efficacy. The transcriptomic data of the patients before treatment and in the best efficacy group 30 days post-treatment were selected as the data source， and then weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA） was employed to construct the co-expression network. Relevant modules in the network were identified and associated with clinical features. In addition， the On-modules （Z value below 0） were identified by Zsummary. The topological indicators such as density， centrality， and clustering coefficient were adopted to explore the dynamics of DHI efficacy at the network level and module level， respectively. In addition， the driver genes were screened by the personalized network control （PNC） algorithm. Finally， rat H9C2 cells were used to establish the model of hypoxia/reoxygenation （H/R）， which was used to confirm the potential therapeutic target of DHI for SAP and provide a scientific basis for revealing the therapeutic mechanism of DHI. ResultWe identified 19 modules in the best efficacy group of DHI for SAP， and the comparison between day 0 and day 30 revealed 12 On-modules. The changes of network topological indicators at the network and module levels confirmed the correlation between the best efficacy of DHI treatment and topological dynamics. Finally， the driver genes， Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 22 （FGF22）， in DHI treatment of SAP were verified by the H9C2 cell model of H/R. ConclusionBased on clinical transcriptome data， this study determined the composition-activity relationship of target modules of DHI for SAP， which provided a scientific basis for deciphering the efficacy-driven mechanism of DHI for SAP.

Objective:To understand the prevalence and characteristics of Rhinovirus (HRV) infection in influenza-like Illness (ILIs) patients in Mianyang, Sichuan province, China.Methods:Throat swabs were collected from patients of ILIs in sentinel hospitals in Mianyang during 2021—2022. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect 16 common pathogens. The VP4/VP2 coding region genes of HRV positive samples were amplified by nest PCR. The phylogeny, consistency and amino acid variation of different serotypes were analyzed and compared with reference sequences from GenBank database.Results:A total of 332 ILIs′ samples were collected with a virus detection rate of 58.73% (195/332) in Mianyang. Among them, 23 samples (23/332) were HRV-positive, and 18 VP4/VP2 sequences of HRV strains were successfully amplified. It was found that 13 HRV serotypes were detected in ILIs samples in Mianyang, which belonged to three genotypes, namely HRV-A (12 strains), HRV-B (5 strains) and HRV-C (1 strain).Conclusions:HRV was one of the pathogens of ILIs cases in Mianyang during 2021—2022, with HRV-A types as the dominant strains.

Objective To investigate the association between the serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio(SCr/Cys C)as a Sarcopenia index(SI)and the incidence of in-hospital adverse events in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Additionally,we evaluate the predictive efficacy of the SI in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)during hospitalization.Methods A total of 306 patients with AMI who underwent emergency PCI in the 904th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force from January 2020 to March 2023 were consecutively included in this retrospective analysis.Patients were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of MACEs during hospitalization:MACEs group(n=43)and non-MACEs group(n=263).Clinical characteristics and pre-PCI laboratory test results were collected.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for MACEs.The predictive performance of SI was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results The incidence of in-hospital MACEs in AMI patients was 14.1%.The results of the independent samples t-test showed that the SI level in MACEs group was significantly lower than that in non-MACEs group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.001).The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that new-onset atrial fibrillation,Killip class 2-4,SI,and TG were independent risk factors for in-hospital adverse events after emergency PCI.The ROC curve results showed that the predictive value of SI(AUC=0.741,95%CI 0.666-0.816)using the SCr/Cys C ratio was superior to that of single Cys C(AUC=0.658,95%CI 0.570-0.746)for predicting post-PCI MACEs,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05),and the optimal cutoff value for SI was 78.14.After stratifying SI based on the cutoff value,the results of the independent samples t-test showed that compared to the higher SI group,the lower SI group had a higher occurrence of specific adverse events such as heart failure(P<0.001),malignant arrhythmias(P=0.009),and strokes(P=0.003),with statistically significant differences.Conclusions The results highlight SI as an independent risk factor for MACEs during hospitalization after emergency PCI in AMI patients.Furthermore,SI has proven to be an effective prognostic index for patient outcomes.

Objective To investigate the high-frequency ultrasonic anatomical features of the adjacent C7 transverse process and its clinical value in stellate ganglion block(SGB).Methods High-frequency ultrasound was applied to obtain ultrasonographic anatomical sonogram features in the plane of bilateral C7 transverse processes in 52 cases(104 sides in total)of healthy adults and then stored for the operator to learn and correctly label each tissue structure.Fifty patients who underwent ultrasound-guided SGB were selected and divided into the BC7 group(25 cases before study)and AC7 group(25 cases after study).The operation time,SGB success rate,number of adjusted needle tips,dosage of anaesthetic and adverse reaction of patients in both group were recorded.Results The main muscles observed in the C7 plane were the longissimus and anterior scalene muscles,the ultrasonographic anatomical relationships of the vagus nerve located in the carotid sheath,the pleura located posterior to the subclavian artery,and the recurrent laryngeal nerve located in the vicinity of the branches of the inferior thyroid artery are described,and the stellate ganglion was illustrated as a flattened hypoechogenic structure visible on the deep surface of the prevertebral fascia in the region of the external cervical longissimus muscle,vertebral artery and vein,and the medial aspect of the anterior oblique muscle,and emanated the sonographic features of several hypoechoic nerve bundles.Ultrasound guided SGB was completed uneventfully in patients of both groups,and all patients developed Horner syndrome,with the SGB success rate of 100%.The operation time[(5.36±1.11)minutes]of patients in the BC7 group was longer than that in the AC7 group[(3.08±0.86)minutes],the number of adjusted needle tips[(4.20±1.00)times]of patients in the BC7 group was more than that in the AC7 group[(2.24±0.87)times],and the dosage of anaesthetic[(1.82±0.28)mL]of patients in the BC7 group was more than that in the AC7 group[(1.64±0.22)mL],all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reaction between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion After ultrasonic learning of adjacent structures through C7 transverse process,SGB is safe and easy to perform.

Mytilus is one of bivalves with great economic and ecological values.The innate immune de-fense of Mytilus shows great significance in the study of marine biological immunology.Hemolymph is the main immune tissue for Mytilus.The Nanopore full-length transcriptome of Mytilus coruscus hemocytes,and the serum differential proteomics based on SDS-PAGE analysis were performed to identify key pro-teins involving in the immune response of Mytilus hemolymph in response of different bacteria and fungi stresses.A total of 44 proteins were identified in the serum induced by different microorganisms.Among them,26 proteins showed significant differential expression level in response to different microbial stres-ses,and their functions were involved in protein folding protection,cell autophagy and apoptosis regula-tion,reactive oxygen species production,energy metabolism regulation,cell detoxification,and immune regulation.The changes in expression levels of these proteins varied in response to different bacterial and fungal stresses,suggesting that Mytilus has different immune response strategies to different bacterial and fungal stresses.The results provide a new scientific basis for understanding the differential immune mech-anism of Mytilus innate immune system in response to different types of microbial invasion,as well as the screening of specific biomarker proteins for microbial infection,and provide ideas for the healthy develop-ment and disease prevention of shellfish aquaculture.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics,molecular characteristics,treatment and prognosis of pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia(Ph-like ALL)with a therapeutic target.Methods:A total of 27 patients of Ph-like ALL with targeted drug target were initially diagnosed in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from December 2017 to June 2021.The data of age,gender,white blood cell(WBC)count at initial diagnosis,genetic characteristics,molecular biological changes,chemotherapy regimen,different targeted drugs were given,and minimal residual disease(MRD)on day 19,MRD on day 46,whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)were retrospective analyed,and the clinical characteristics and treatment effect were summarized.Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results:The intensity of chemotherapy was adjusted according to the MRD level during induced remission therapy in 27 patients,10 patients were treated with targeted drugs during treatment,and 3 patients were bridged with HSCT,1 patient died and 2 patients survived.Among the 24 patients who did not receive HSCT,1 patient developed relapse,and achieved complete remission(CR)after treatment with chimeric antigen receptors T cells(CAR-T).The 3-year overall survival,3-year relapse-free survival and 3-year event-free survival rate of 27 patients were(95.5±4.4)％,(95.0±4.9)％and(90.7±6.3)％respectively.Conclusion:Risk stratification chemotherapy based on MRD monitoring can improve the prognosis of Ph-like ALL in children,combined with targeted drugs can achieve complete remission as soon as possible in children whose chemotherapy response is poor,and sequential CAR-T and HSCT can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of Ph-like ALL in children whose MRD is continuously positive during induced remission therapy.

Objective To observe the effect of BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe(BOC2)on the expression of six types of mitochondrial N-formyl peptides(NFPs)in blood and two formyl peptide receptors(FPRs)in pancreatic tissue of rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and to explore its mechanism of alleviating inflammatory damage of SAP.Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:the sham group,the SAP model group,the BOC2 low-dose and the BOC2 high-dose group(0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg),with 10 animals in each group.The SAP model was prepared by retrograde injection of 5%sodium taurocholate(50 mg/kg)into biliary and pancreatic ducts in the last 3 groups.BOC2 was intraperitoneally injected at 0.5 hours after SAP modeling,and samples were taken 4 hours after modeling.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in pancreas.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of NFPs in plasma.IHC staining was used to detect the expression of FPRs in pancreatic tissue.ELISA was used to detect interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α levels in plasma.qPCR was used to detect expression levels of inflammatory factors in local pancreatic tissue.Results Compared with the model group,the BOC2 high-dose group and the BOC2 low-dose group showed improvement in pathological phenomena,such as pancreatic bleeding,acinar cell necrosis,inflammatory cell infiltration and edema.The pancreatic injury score,pancreatic FPRs expression,plasma MT-ND1,MT-ND2,MT-ND3,MT-ND5,MT-ND6 expression,as well as expression levels of three inflammatory factors in plasma and local pancreatic tissue,were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusion BOC2 can reduce the production of inflammatory factors and alleviate SAP inflammatory damage by antagonizing mitochondrial NFPs/FPRs signaling pathway.

Objective To develop a damage control operation(DCO)simulation training platform for traumatic brain injury(TBI)in wartime based on mixed reality to open up a new path for surgical skills training of military surgeons.Methods The platform mainly consisted of wartime TBI DCO simulation training software,a surgical manikin and a HoloLens 2 MR device.The simulating training software was developed with C# language and the technologies of MR,basic gestures,spatial scanning positioning and etc on the basis of constructed surgical decision-making training system,virtual surgical environment and functional modules.The surgical manikin was customized with reference to the standard body type of an adult male with a height of 180 cm,and an electronic chip was developed and placed inside the head of the manikin to execute data matching with the simulation training software.The simulation training software was installed and run in the HoloLens 2 MR device to realize TBI DCO simulation training on the virtual reality interactive model.Results The platform developed implemented the functions of virtual reality interactive model reset positioning,operation simulation training,examination and on-site demonstration,which gained advantages in stimulating learning interest and facilitating risk-free,time-and space-indepen-dent,immersive and interactive learning and was generally recognized by the trainees.Conclusion The simulation training platform can be a supplementary to other training means to improve the ability of military surgeons in damage control operation.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(2):17-21]