Objective: To explore the intervention effect of different intensity of classroom physical exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan first grade students at high altitude, so as to provide reference for improving the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan adolescents. Methods: From September to December 2020, 184 Tibetan students from five first grade classes in a middle school in Lhasa, Tibet, were randomly assigned into a control group (81 students in two classes) and an intervention group (103 students in three classes). Both groups followed the same teaching programme, but the intervention group received 36 sessions of moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity, one session per day, Monday,Wednesday and Friday, for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function were tested by 20m round trip running and Flanker s experimental paradigm, 2-back s experimental paradigm, and More odd shifting experimental paradigm for inhibitory control, refreshing memory, and switching flexibility, and the results were analysed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the results of the pre and post intervention periods. Results: The maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) of Tibetan first grade students in the intervention group increased by 2.25 mL/(kg〖WW）〗·〖WW(〗min) compared with the control group after the intervention ( t =-3.89, P <0.01); the response time of the inhibitory function was reduced by 4.40 ms, that of the refreshing function by 196.06 ms, and that of the switching function by 92.72 ms in the intervention group compared with the control group ( t =2.98, 4.82 ,3.21, P <0.05). Conclusion The 12 week moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity intervention has different degrees of improvement effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Tibetan adolescents.

ObjectiveAngle-closure glaucoma (ACG) is one of the major eye-blinding diseases. To diagnose ACG, it is crucial to examine the anterior chamber angle. Current diagnostic tools include slit lamp gonioscopy, water gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Slit lamp and water gonioscopy allow convenient observation of the anterior chamber angle, but pose risks of invasive operation and eye infections. UBM can accurately measure the structure of the anterior chamber angle. However, it is complex to operate and unsuitable for patients, who have undergone trauma or ocular surgery. Although AS-OCT provides detailed images, it is costly. The aim of this study is to explore a non-invasive, non-destructive optical reflection tomography (ORT) technique. This technique can achieve low-cost three-dimensional imaging and full-field anterior chamber angle measurement of the porcine eye. MethodsThe experiment involved assembling an optical reflection tomography system, which included a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera, a telecentric system, a stepper motor, and a white light source, achieving a spatial resolution of approximately 8.5 μm. The process required positioning the porcine eye at the center of the field of the imaging system and rotating it around its central axis using a stepper motor. Reflection projection images were captured at each angle with an exposure time of 1.0 ms and an interval of 2°. The collected reflection-projection data were processed using a filtered reflection tomography algorithm, generating a series of two-dimensional slice data. These slices essentially represented cross-sectional views of the three-dimensional structural image, and were reconstructed into a complete three-dimensional structural image. Based on the reconstructed three-dimensional structural image of the porcine eye, the anterior chamber angles at different positions were measured, and a distribution map of these angles was drawn. Simultaneously, the ORT measurements were compared with the standard results obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the accuracy of ORT measurements. ResultsIn this study, we successfully obtained the reflection projection data of a porcine eye using ORT technology, reconstructed its three-dimensional structural image, and measured the anterior chamber angle, generating the corresponding distribution map. To better distinguish the different structural parts of porcine eye, the three-dimensional structural image was marked with blue, green, and yellow dashed lines from the outer to the inner layers. The area between the blue and green dashed lines corresponded to the sclera. The area between the green and yellow dashed lines corresponded to the iris. The area inside the yellow dashed line corresponded to the pupil. The three-dimensional structural image clearly revealed the key anatomical features of the porcine eye. It was able to measure the anterior chamber angle at different positions. Additionally, the anterior chamber angle measurements of the porcine eye using ORT were compared with the measurements obtained using a TEL320C1 type OCT system, showing an average deviation of 0.51° and a mean square error MSE of 0.317. ConclusionORT is a non-invasive, non-destructive, low-cost, and high-resolution imaging technique capable of achieving three-dimensional structural imaging and full-field anterior chamber angle measurement of a porcine eye. This technology offers a new perspective for the diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma and is significant for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of eye diseases, potentially benefiting clinics and small hospitals in remote areas in the future.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the 3D-printed heart model on congenital heart disease (CHD) education through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods The literature about the application of the 3D-printed heart model in CHD education was systematically searched by computer from PubMed, Web of Science, and EMbase from inception to November 10, 2022. The two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the literature. Cochrane literature evaluation standard was used to evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials, and JBI evaluation scale was used for cross-sectional and cohort studies. Results After screening, 23 literatures were included, including 7 randomized controlled trials, 15 cross-sectional studies and 1 cohort study. Randomized controlled trials were all at low-risk, cross-sectional studies and and the cohort study had potential bias. There were 4 literatures comparing 3D printing heart model with 2D image teaching and the meta-analysis result showed that the effect of 3D printing heart model on theoretical achievement was more significant compared with 2D image teaching (SMD=0.31, 95%CI –0.28 to 0.91, P=0.05). Conclusion The application of the 3D-printed heart model in CHD education can be beneficial. But more randomized controlled trials are still needed to verify this result.

Acute liver injury (ALI) is one of the common severe diseases in clinic, which is characterized by redox imbalance and inflammatory storm. Untimely treatment can easily lead to liver failure and even death. Rosmarinic acid (RA) has been proved to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but it is not clear how to protect ALI through antioxidation and inhibition of inflammation. Therefore, this study explored the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of RA on ALI through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the mouse ALI model, the effects of RA on liver function and inflammatory indexes were studied, the pathological changes of liver were observed by HE, the effect of RA on reactive oxygen species in liver was detected by fluorescence method, and the level of F4/80 in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemical method. The levels of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (CASPASE-1) in liver tissue were measured by Western blot. All animal welfare and experimental procedures follow the rules of the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Minzu University. In vitro, human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was used to establish the model of oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method. The level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the supernatant was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the activity of lactatede hydrogenase (LDH) was detected by LDH kit, and the level of ROS was detected by fluorescence probe DCFH-DA labeling. The mRNA expression of Txnip, Nlrp3, Caspase 1, Il1β was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2), TXNIP, NLRP3 and CASPASE-1 were measured by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the model group, the degree of liver swelling, tissue injury, liver function index in RA group were significantly lower than those in model group. And RA significantly attenuated the increases of ROS in liver tissue. The expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3 and CASPASE-1 in liver tissue were significantly lower than those in model group. Additionally, RA inhibited the expressions of F4/80 and IL-1β. In vitro experiment, compared with model group, RA effectively inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and LDH. The level of ROS also decreased significantly. RA inhibited the mRNA expressions of Txnip, Caspase 1, Il1β. Furthermore, RA significantly increased the expression level of NRF2 protein in nucleus, and decreased the expression level of TXNIP and NLRP3 protein. Specifically, with the addition of ML385, the effect of RA on NRF2, TXNIP, NLRP3, CASPASE-1 protein expression was reversed. Collectively, these findings suggested that RA may inhibit the production of ROS by promoting NRF2 nuclear transfer, and then reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies by TXNIP, reduce cell death and inflammatory response to prevent the liver injury.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect and safety of Jiuxin Pill （救心丸） on exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with stable angina pectoris （SAP）. MethodsA randomised， double-blind， placebo-controlled， multicentre study design was used to enroll 170 patients of SAP from nine centres， which were divided into 85 patients each in the trial group and control group with 1∶1 ratio. Both groups maintained the original western medicine treatment plan， and added Jiuxin Pill or placebo respectively， 2 pills （0.05 g） each time twicely for 28 days. The main outcomes were total exercise time （TED） in the exercise treadmill test and Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） scores including physical limitation （PL）， angina stability （AS）， angina frequency （AF）， treatment satisfaction （TS）， and disease perception （DP）. The secondary outcomes were exercise treadmill test indicators including heart rate recovery in 1 min （HRR1）， metabolic equivalents （METs）， maximum magnitude of ST-segment depression， and the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale， the average number of angina attacks per week， withdrawal and reduction rate of nitroglycerin， traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores， incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Safety indicators were evaluated and the occurrence of adverse events during the trial was recorded. Data was collected before treatment， day 28±2 in treatment period， and follow-up at day 56 which is 28±2 days after treatment period finished. ResultsEighty-four and eighty-five patients respectively from trial group and control group were included to the full analysis set （FAS） and safety analysis set （SS）. Compared with the group before treatment and with the control group after treatment， the trial group had higher TED， HRR1， and METs， and lower maximum magnitude of ST-segment depression and Borg rating of perceived exertion scores after treatment （P＜0.01）. Compared with the group before treatment and with the control group after treatment and at follow-up， the total SAQ score and scores of AS， AF， TS and DP of the trial group after treatment and at follow-up elevated， while the average number of angina attacks per week and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores reduced （P＜0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the withdrawal and reduction rate of nitroglycerin between groups （P＞0.05）. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 1 case （1/84， 1.19%） in the trial group and 1 case （1/85， 1.18%） in the control group， and the difference between groups was not statistically significant （P＞0.05）. A total of 3 cases of adverse events occurred in the trial group （3/84， 3.57%）， and a total of 6 cases of adverse events occurred in the control group （6/85， 7.06%）， and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionIn the treatment of SAP， Jiuxin Pill combined with conventional western medicine can further enhance exercise tolerance， improve quality of life， and demonstrate great safety.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy of Huoxue Xiaozhong Powder(i.e.,Shuangbai San)for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis(KOA)of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.Methods Sixty patients with mild-to-moderate KOA of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,with 30 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with external application of Huoxue Xiaozhong Powder,and the control group was treated with external application of Voltaren(diclofenac diethylamide emulsion).Both groups were treated for one week as a course.The changes of visual analogue scale(VAS)score,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP)level and synovial thickness under ultrasound in the two groups before and after treatment were observed.Moreover,the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)After one week of treatment,the total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.33%(28/30),and that of the control group was 73.33%(22/30).The intergroup comparison(tested by rank sum test)showed that the clinical efficacy of the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the VAS score,WOMAC score,ESR,CRP level and synovial thickness under ultrasound in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the treatment group had stronger effect on the improvement of VAS score,WOMAC score,ESR,CRP level and synovial thickness under ultrasound than the control group(P＜0.01).(3)During treatment,no obvious adverse reactions such as skin redness,swelling and itching occurred in the two groups of patients,which had a high safety.Conclusion For the patients with mild-to-moderate KOA of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome,the use of Huoxue Xiaozhong Powder for external treatment alone can also achieve good short-term clinical effects,which can effectively alleviate the symptoms of pain,and reduce the levels of inflammatory indicators and synovial thickness.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative for addressing aortic valve-related pathologies.However,the occurrence of rapid arrhythmias linked to TAVR procedures is progressively drawing scrutiny.Presently,pharmacologic interventions constitute the mainstay of managing atrial arrhythmias related to TAVR,while the potential of ablation as a viable treatment modality remains undefined.Notably,in cases where the arrhythmia's genesis is presumed to be intricately linked to the prosthetic valve,the practicality and safety of ablation procedures remain unverified.Our institution has successfully ventured into radiofrequency ablation for a distinctive patient presenting with this intricate condition,thereby tentatively affirming the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation administered on the surface of prosthetic valves.

This study explored the antibiotic resistance and resistance gene carriage of 140 Salmonella strains isolated from environmental sewage in Guangzhou city between March 1,2022,and November 30,2022.The micro broth dilution method was used to select 17 antibiotics for susceptibility testing.According to whole genome sequencing results,the CARD resistance database was used to obtain corresponding resistance genes.High antimicrobial resistance rates above 80％were observed a-gainst ampicillin,tetracycline,streptomycin,chloramphenicol,and cotrimoxazole.The intermediation rate of polymyxin E and ciprofloxacin exceeded 60％.The multiple drug resistance status was severe,and the rate of multiple drug resistance was as high as 92.86％.The strains carried multiple types of resistance genes,particularly for aminoglycosides,with a carriage rate as high as 92.68％.The resistance of Salmonella in environmental wastewater in Guangzhou to one or more drugs was severe,and the overall multi-drug resistance rate gradually increased over time.The resistance spectrum was diverse,and the resistance mechanism,mediated by mobile genetic elements such as re-sistance genes,was found to be the main cause of resistance to one or more drugs.

This study was aimed at understanding the detection rate,drug resistance characteristics,virulence characteris-tics,multi-locus sequence typing,and other molecular epidemic and pathogenic characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in children in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022.Anal swabs or stool samples of suspected infection cases in children from 2020 to 2022 were collected from two hospitals in Guangzhou,Guangdong Province.Campylobacter was isolated and cultured through the filtration method,and identified with a microbial mass spectrometry system;antibiotic resist-ance was analyzed with the agar dilution method;bacterial genome nucleic acids were extracted,and whole-genome sequencing was conducted;and drug resistance genes,virulence genes,multi-locus sequence typing,and phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed from whole-genome sequencing results.First,53 strains of Campy-lobacter were detected through continuous routine monitoring in this study,with a positive detection rate of 2.94％.Among them,Campylobacter jejuni accounted for 81.13％(43/53)and Campylobacter coli accounted for 18.87％(10/53).In addition,16 strains of Campylobacter were screened through multi-pathogen surveillance,including 11 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and 5 strains of Campylobacter coli.Drug resistance ex-periments and whole genome sequencing were conducted on 46 Campylobacter isolates,including 33 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and 13 isolates of Campylobacter coli.The resistance rate of Campylobacter to erythromycin,a widely used clinical treatment,was21.73％(10/46);that to tetracycline was 80.43％(37/46);those to the quinolone antibiotics nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were 76.08％(35/46)and 71.73％(33/46)respectively;and that to chloramphenicol was lowest,at 2.17％(1/46).The drug resistance rate was generally higher for Campylobacter coli than Campylobacter jejuni,and the differences in the indicators of erythromycin,gentamicin,streptomycin,telithromycin,and clindamycin were statistically significant.A total of 30 isolates of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter were detected,including nine multidrug-resistant phenotypes.Whole-ge-nome sequence analysis indicated that 46 Campylobacter isolates carried antibiotic resistance genes for antibiotics such as quino-lones,tetracyclines,β-lactams,and aminoglycosides,and carried 128 virulence factor genes in five categories.All 46 isolates of Campylobacter were identified as 35 ST type through MLST typing,and phylogenetic analysis indicated no obvious dominant ST type.Campylobacter coli had more SNPs than Campylobacter jejuni.In conclusion,the positive detection rate of Campy-lobacter in Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province stabilized from 2020 to 2022,and the detection rate of Campylobacter jejuni was higher than that of Campylobacter coli.Campylobacter isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and quinolone,and showed a wide spectrum of multi-drug resistance,which was relatively severe among Campylobacter coli.Resistance genes and drug-resistant phenotypes were correlated and had predictive significance.The virulence genes of Campylobacter jejuni were more a-bundant than those of Campylobacter coli,possibly because of the higher detection rate and pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni.The phylogenetic tree showed clear branches with high genetic diversity and no clearly dominant clonal group.

Based on network pharmacology and in vitro assays,we conducted a collaborative investi-gation into the protective effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re on LPS-induced damage of porcine je-junal epithelial cells IPEC-J2.Network pharmacology was used to obtain and screen the intersec-ting targets of Rg1 and Re to alleviate intestinal barrier damage,and molecular docking technique was used to verify the predicted results of network pharmacology.The experiment included the Control group,LPS group,Rg1 group,and Re group.The effects of different concentrations of Rg1 and Re on cell survival rate,apoptosis rate,TEER value,FD4 permeability,and inflammatory fac-tors of IPEC-J2 were observed,and the effects of different concentrations of Rg1 and Re on the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes were also detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.The results of network pharmacology showed that the prevention of intestinal barrier damage by Rg1,Re mainly involved the processes of PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.The molec-ular docking results showed that the binding energy of Rg1 to all intersecting targets was less than 0,while that of ginsenoside Re to SRC targets only was less than 0.In vitro experiments showed that pretreatment with different concentrations of Rg1 and Re increased the survival rate and TEER value of LPS-treated IPEC-J2 to varying degrees,and reduced the apoptosis,the decrease of FD4 permeability,and the secretion of inflammatory factor TNF-α,suggesting that Re and Rg1 prevented the intestinal barrier from damage.It was shown that Re and Rg1 could effectively re-duce the effects of LPS treatment on IPEC-J2 cells.Rg1 significantly upregulated the mRNA ex-pression levels of MAPK8,MAPK10,HRAS,and significantly down-regulated the mRNA expres-sion levels of MAP2K1,PIK3CG,IL-2 and SRC;and Re significantly upregulated the mRNA ex-pression levels of MAPK8,MAPK10,HRAS,and PIK3R1,BCL2 gene mRNA expression levels.These results suggest that ginsenosides Rg1,Re and ginsenoside products containing Rg1 and Re deserve further investigation in preventing intestinal barrier damage in piglets.