AIM:To analyze differential proteins associated with the pathogenesis of dry eye(DE)using bioinformatics methods, in order to reveal their potential molecular mechanisms.METHODS: Articles published in PubMed and EMBASE databases from the inception of the database to August 31, 2023, that used proteomic methods to detect protein expression in clinical samples of dry eye were searched. Differential proteins were selected and further analyzed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software for hub gene screening and module analysis. Protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis, gene ontology(GO)functional annotation, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed.RESULTS: A total of 21 articles were included, identifying 74 differentially expressed proteins. The most frequently occurring differential proteins were calgranulin A(SA1008), lipocalin-1(LCN1), lysozyme C(LYZ), mammaglobin-B(SCGB2A1), proline-rich protein 4(PRR4), transferrin(TF), and calgranulinB(S100A9). The top 10 hub genes were serum albumin(ALB), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), interleukin 6(IL6), IL1B, IL8, matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9), alpha-1-antitrypsin(SERPINA1), IL10, complement component 3(C3), and lactotransferrin(LTF). Module analysis suggested MMP9 and PRR4 as seed genes. KEGG analysis showed that differential proteins were mainly enriched in the IL17 signaling pathway(61.9%).CONCLUSION: The results reveal potential molecular targets and pathways for DE and confirm the association between the pathogenesis of DE and inflammation. Further in-depth research is needed to confirm the significance of these biomarkers in clinical practice.

Objective To assess the current state and influencing factors of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among front-line employees in the assembly workshop of an automobile manufacturing enterprise. Methods A total of 394 front-line workers in the assembly workshop of an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Beijing City were selected as the research subjects using the judgmental sampling method. The Chinese version Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to assess the presence of WMSDs over the past 12 months in nine body regions: neck, shoulders, upper back, lower back, elbows, wrists, hips and thighs, knees, ankles and feet. The multivariable logistic regression was employed to investigate the influencing factors. Results The detection rate of overall WMSDs was 32.7% (129/394), with the top three single-site WMSDs being in the neck, shoulders, and lower back, and their detection rates were 14.0%, 12.7% and 9.6%, respectively. The detection rate of multi-site WMSDs was 17.8% (70/394). The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that workers who turned or bent their upper body while keeping their legs stationary, frequently performed wrist flexion/extension/lateral bending/rotation, or stood for prolonged period of time had significantly higher risks of developing multi-site WMSDs compared with those who did not (all P<0.05). Workers who perceived uncomfortable workplace lighting had higher risk of multi-site WMSDs than those who perceived it as comfortable (P<0.01). Conclusion The development of multi-site WMSDs among workers in the assembly workshop of this automobile manufacturing enterprise is strongly related to poor working postures at work.

OBJECTIVE To explore the antidepressant effect and potential mechanism of icariside Ⅱ （ICSⅡ） based on the GABAergic nervous system. METHODS The male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a control group （group C， 10 mice） and a modeling group （50 mice）. The depression model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） method in the modeling group. After 21 days of stimulation， the rats of modeling group were randomly divided into depression model group （NS group）， positive control group [ECS group， oxalate escitalopram 15 mg/（kg·d）] and ICSⅡ low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups [ICSⅡ-L group， ICSⅡ-M group， ICSⅡ-H group； ICSⅡ 10， 20， 30 mg/（kg·d）]， with 10 mice in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. The sugar water preference rate， total exercise distance， immobility time in tail suspension and forced swimming experiments were detected in each group. The morphology of neurons and Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA3 region were observed； the contents of γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and glutamic acid （Glu）， GABA/Glu ratio， and the expressions of GABAergic nervous system-related proteins （GABA A receptor α1， GABA B receptor 1， vesicular GABA transporter， glutamate decarboxylase 67， GABA membranal transporter 3） were detected in hippocampus. RESULTS Compared with group C， the sugar water preference rate and the total exercise distance significantly reduced in NS group， while the values of immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly prolonged （P＜0.05）. The morphology of neurons in the CA3 area of the hippocampus was irregular and the Nissl bodies were reduced， with a significant decrease in the number of structurally intact neurons （P＜0.05）； the content of Glu was significantly increased， while the content of GABA， GABA/Glu ratio， and the expressions of GABAergic nervous system-related proteins were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Compared with NS group， depression behavior in each administration group was improved， and the above indexes were mostly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ICSⅡ can improve depression behavior of depression model mice. The mechanisms may be associated with regulating the balance of GABA and Glu， increasing the synthesis， transport and release of GABA， and regulating the expressions of GABA-related receptors， so as to improve GABAergic nervous system.

Background The current increasing trend of new cases of occupational noise-induced deafness indicates that the hearing loss of occupational population has not been effectively controlled in China. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers and its related factors. Objective To investigate characteristics and influencing factors of hearing loss among occupational noise-exposed workers in a large machinery maintenance enterprise, and to provide a scientific basis to prevent and control noise-induced hearing loss. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate male Han occupational noise-exposed workers in a large mechanical maintenance enterprise. We acquired demographic characteristics, occupational exposure history, and individual life behavior characteristics of the workers through questionnaires, collected occupational exposure level data from annual occupational disease hazard factor surveillance reports, obtained pure tone hearing threshold test data through occupational health examinations, and estimated individual noise exposure levels using cumulative noise exposure (CNE). According to the results of pure tone air conduction hearing threshold test, the workers were divided into a hearing loss group and a normal hearing group. The chi-square test was employed to compare the occupational exposure characteristics and individual life behavior characteristics between the two groups. Additionally, the trend chi-square test was utilized to analyze the changing trends of age, length of service, CNE, and hearing loss rate within the two groups. The relationship between high-frequency hearing loss in both ears and its related influencing factors was assessed by a multiple logistic regression model. Results The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of CNE for the 2531 occupational noise-exposed workers was 97.51 (95.39, 99.96) dB(A)·year. The incidence of hearing anomaly, binaural high-frequency hearing anomaly, random ear high-frequency hearing anomaly, binaural low-frequency hearing anomaly, and random ear low-frequency hearing anomaly were 22.48%, 16.59%, 22.13%, 2.77%, and 3.52%, respectively. High-frequency hearing threshold increase was the main reason for hearing anomaly (98.42%). In comparison to the CNE ≤ 97 dB(A)·year group, the 97 dB(A)·year100 dB(A)·year group experienced a 36.4% and 52.3% increase in the risk of bilateral high-frequency hearing loss, respectively. The smoking group exhibited a 43.5% elevated risk of bilateral high-frequency hearing loss when compared to the non-smoking group. Conversely, the group frequently wearing hearing protection equipment demonstrated a 23.6% lower risk of bilateral high-frequency hearing loss in comparison to the group occasionally wearing protective equipment. The data suggested that CNE＞97 dB(A)·year and smoking might be independent risk factors for bilateral high-frequency hearing loss, and frequently wearing hearing protection equipment might be an important protective factor. Conclusion Increased CNE and smoking can elevate the risk of high-frequency hearing loss, while personal hearing protection can effectively reduce the risk of hearing loss.

BACKGROUND:Gingival thickness is an important indicator to determine gingival phenotype.The correct evaluation of gingival phenotype is helpful for the smooth going of periodontal surgery,implant implantation and orthodontic treatment.The search for a comfortable,accurate and convenient method of measuring gingival thickness has always been a research hotspot in this field. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the gingival thickness in different dental positions and to study the consistency of cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)image and digital intraoral scanners and cone-beam computed tomography(DIS-CBCT)superimposition image for measuring gingival thickness and determining whether the gingiva is thick or thin. METHODS:Twenty volunteers(10 males and 10 females)with complete maxillary dentition were recruited.The thickness of the gingiva 2 mm below the buccal gingival margin of 160 teeth was measured by CBCT image and DIS-CBCT digital superimposition image.Gingival thickness was used to determine whether the gingiva was thick or thin.Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences in gingival thickness measured by the two methods.Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the gingival thickness results of the two methods.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)and Bland-AItman chart were used to analyze the repeatability and consistency in measuring gingival thickness using the two methods.Kappa value was used to analyze the consistency in determining whether the gingiva was thick or thin using the two methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The gingival thickness measured by CBCT image and DIS-CBCT digital superimposition image was(1.47±0.39)and(1.42±0.36)mm,respectively(t=5.673,P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the gingival thickness measured by the two methods was positively correlated(r=0.968,P＜0.001).In the CBCT group,the values of intraobserver and interobserver ICC were 0.980-0.982 and 0.984,respectively;in the DIS-CBCT group,the values of intraobserver and interobserver ICC were 0.941-0.984 and 0.964,respectively(P＜0.001).The intergroup ICC value of gingival thickness measured by the two methods was 0.967(P＜0.001).Bland-AItman analysis showed that 4.37%(7/160)of the points measured by both methods for gingival thickness was outside the 95%limits of agreement.There were 71 cases of thick-gingiva and 89 cases of thin-gingiva measured by CBCT imaging,and 59 cases of thick-gingiva and 101 cases of thin-gingiva measured by DIS-CBCT digital superimposition image.The Kappa value of the two groups was 0.845(P＜0.001).These findings indicate that there is a significant difference in the thickness measurement of the gingiva 2 mm below the gingival margin between the CBCT group and the DIS-CBCT group,but the correlation is very strong.The repeatability and consistency of gingival thickness measurement are both high,and there is a good consistency between the two methods when used to determine whether the gingiva is thick or thin.

AIM:To elucidate the possible biological mechanism of silica-induced acute lung injury in rats.METHODS:Sixteen Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and acute silicosis model groups,and instilled intratracheally with 1 mL of normal saline and 50 g/L silica suspension,respectively.After 7 d,the rats were sacrificed for collection of lung tissue and serum.The serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by using ELISA.The protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)were measured by immunohistochemistry.Bacterial DNA was ex-tracted from the lung tissue for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize changes in the composition of lung flo-ra.The differences in the structure of bacterial flora between control and model groups were analyzed by bioinformatic analy-ses.RESULTS:Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and GSDMD were higher in the lungs of the rats in model group.In addition,serum cytokine profiling showed that IL-1β,IL-18 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in model group.The most abundant bacterial genera in the lung flora of the rats in model group were Bifidobacterium,Clostridium sensu stricto 1,and Parasutterella.The NLRP3 and GSDMD levels in the lung tissue and IL-1β and TNF-α levels in serum were positively correlated with the abundance of Parasutterella.CONCLU-SION:The alterations in lung flora structure and increased inflammation levels may be the actual biological mechanisms underlying silica-induced acute lung injury.The modulation of lung flora may provide a basis for the prevention and treat-ment of silica-induced acute lung injury.

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with multivessel disease is one of the high-risk types of coronary heart disease.Early opening of infarct-related artery and reperfusion of myocardium could significantly reduce the mortality in acute phase.However,the presence of non-culprit lesions in non-infarct-related arteries is still at risk and has an important impact on the long-term prognosis of patients.It remains controversial on how to precisely evaluate the clinical significance and revascularization value of non-culprit lesions.This article aims to review the research status and progress of guidance strategies of non-culprit lesion revascularization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease.

OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid and accurate PCR method for detecting 24 strains of Burkholderia cepacia complex(Bcc) by comparing three detection methods of loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP), SYTO 9 dye method based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and TaqMan probe real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method( TaqMan probe method). METHODS According to the molecular biological information of 24 strains of Bcc in the NCBI database, multiple candidate sequence fragments unique to Bcc were screened out, and specific primer and probe that could simultaneously detect 24 strains of Bcc were designed. At the same time, the detection methods of LAMP, SYTO 9 dye method based on PCR and Taqman probe were explored, and the optimal annealing temperature was optimized and screened. The 39 experimental strains were used to verify the Bcc detection method. RESULTS LAMP method could not effectively detect Bcc, SYTO 9 dye method and TaqMan probe method could effectively detect more than 20 strains of Bcc, while TaqMan probe method had higher amplification effect, better detection sensitivity, repeatability and stability, which could meet the requirements of this study. CONCLUSION In this study, a TaqMan probe method for rapid detection of Bcc was established. Compared with LAMP method and SYTO 9 dye method, this method has the advantages of fast, simple and high sensitivity, and provides technical support for the rapid detectionof Bcc.

Objective:To investigate the effect of laboratory indicators on hair loss in patients with female pattern hair loss (FPHL).Methods:Patients with FPHL who visited the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Medical Aesthetics in Hangzhou First People’s Hospital from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected as the study group, and healthy women who matched the age of the study group in the physical examination center during the same period were selected as the control group. The general information of the patient was recorded, and was also tested by trichoscopy to rule out other patterns of alopecia. Representative indicators including testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S), thyroid-stimulating hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and serum ferritin were selected from laboratory tests for further analysis. Otherwise, the proportion of deficiency in vitamin D(<20 ng/ml) was calculated based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (number of deficiency cases/total number of cases in each group×100%). Count data were presented as samples (percentages), and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Normally distributed continuous data were presented with Mean±SD, independent samples t-test was used for comparison between groups, M( Q1, Q3) was used for non-normally distributed continuous data, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of FPHL. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 37 patients were selected in both groups. The mean age was (28.8±1.3) years in the study group and (29.6±0.9) years in the control group ( t=0.49, P=0.625). The body mass index was (22.8±0.4) kg/m 2 in the study group, and (23.5±0.3) kg/m 2 in the control group ( t=1.26, P=0.211). The testosterone level was 0.58 (0.49, 0.79) nmol/L in the study group, and 0.54 (0.50, 0.78) nmol/L in the control group( Z=1.42, P=0.157). The level of DHEA-S was 6.21 (5.18, 9.60) μmol/L in the study group, and 6.20 (5.20, 9.34) μmol/L in the control group ( Z=2.75, P=0.006). The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone was 2.56 (1.55, 3.66) mU/L in the study group and 1.49 (1.05, 2.65) mU/L in the control group ( Z=2.51, P=0.012). The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 15.44 (11.80, 21.20) ng/ml in the study group, and the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 20.32 (12.07, 21.20) ng/ml in the control group ( Z=2.30, P=0.021), and the proportion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the study group was 64.9% (24/37), which was higher than that in the control group [40.5% (15/37)] ( χ2=4.39, P=0.036). The serum ferritin level was 64.44 (39.47, 133.45) μg/L in the study group and 67.75 (52.63, 143.83) μg/L in the control group ( Z=0.70, P=0.484). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of FPHL was increased by the high level of DHEA-S and thyroid-stimulating hormone, and the low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Abnormal level of DHEA-S, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be risk factors for FPHL.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of hsa_circRNA_000596 (circ-596) in promoting invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer cells. Methods The cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissue, normal cervical tissue adjacent to cancer and clinical data of 69 cases with CSCC were collected. RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) was used to detect the expression of circ-596 and analyze its association with clinical data of CSCC. The invasive ability of cervical cancer cells was detected by Transwell assay; the regulation of downstream target gene by circ-596 was detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Dual luciferase reporting experiment was used to verify the regulation of miR-197-3p on the downstream target gene RNF146; the regulation of miR-197-3p/RNF146 by circ-596 and its effect on invasion ability were analyzed in rescue experiment. Results Circ-596 was mainly positively expressed in CSCC tissues, and the positive expression rate was 63.77%(44/69), which was higher than 17.39% (12/69) in adjacent normal tissues (χ²=8.254, P=0.004). Circ-596 positive expression was closely correlated with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The results of Transwell experiment showed that compared with the control cells, the number of cervical cancer cells with overexpression of circ-596 increased, and the number of cells with knockdown expression of circ-596 decreased (P < 0.05). Bioinformatics prediction results showed that miR-197-3p was the downstream target gene of circ-596, and RNF146 was the downstream target gene of miR-197-3p. The results of qRT-PCR showed that overexpression of circ-596 could down-regulate the expression of miR-197-3p, and down-expression of circ-596 could up-regulate the expression of miR-197-3p (P < 0.05). The results of dual luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that miR-197-3p bound to the 3'UTR of RNF146 gene, thereby inhibiting the relative activity of luciferase. Rescue experiment results showed that circ-596 could inhibit the expression of miR-197-3p, and thereby promoting the expression of RNF146, and enhancing the invasion ability of cervical cancer cells. Conclusion Circ-596 is mainly positively expressed in CSCC tissues, and its positive expression is closely related to the degree of tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Circ-596 promotes the expression of RNF146 by binding to miR-197-3p, thereby promoting the invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer cells.