[Objective]To summarize the clinical experience of Professor CHEN Jian in treating periodic fever syndrome(PFS)in children from"latent fire".[Methods]Through outpatient follow-up study,collection of medical records and review of relevant literature,this paper summarized the etiology,pathogenesis and Professor CHEN's treatment experience of PFS in children from"latent fire",and a case was presented for verification.[Results]Professor CHEN believes that the core pathogenesis of PFS in children is"latent fire".Phlegm,poison and stasis are not only pathological products,but also important pathogenic factors throughout the course of the disease.Depression is the pathological state of the whole course of the disease.In the treatment,the method of supplementing Qi to remove heat or nourishing Yin to clear heat is used and combined with regulating Qi,and the self-prepared prescription is the effective treatment of PFS in children.The main symptom of the case was periodic fever,which was differentiated as Yin deficiency fever.The treatment of nourishing Yin and clearing heat,promoting Qi movement and relieving depression was applied,and good effect was achieved.[Conclusion]Professor CHEN's treatment of PFS in children from"latent fire"is effective,has certain guiding significance,and is worthy of clinical reference.

AIM:To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the mouse ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and RING finger domains 1(Uhrf1)gene,validate the expression of Uhrf1 in neonatal mouse cardiomyo-cytes and explored its role in hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced DNA damage.METHODS:The mouse Uhrf1 gene cod-ing sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),digested,and inserted into the pADM-CMV-C-FH vec-tor to create the recombinant adenoviral plasmid ADM-Uhrf1.Following transfection into HEK293T cells,we generated re-combinant adenoviral particles,amplified,purified,and determined the titer.Neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were infect-ed at an multiplicity of infection(MOI)of 50,UHRF1 protein expression was validated via Western blot and immunofluo-rescence staining.H2O2-induced DNA damage was explored along with adenovirus-mediated Uhrf1 overexpression to inves-tigate its role in DNA damage repair.RESULTS:ADM-Uhrf1 virus titer,determined by capsid immunofluorescence as-say,was 1.8×1013 pfu/L.Western blot confirmed a significant increase in UHRF1 protein expression(P＜0.05),with im-munofluorescence indicating predominant nuclear localization.Uhrf1 overexpression effectively inhibited the expression of the DNA damage marker,phosphorylated H2AX protein(γH2AX)(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:We successfully con-structed a recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the mouse Uhrf1 gene,facilitating Uhrf1 overexpression in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes.Furthermore,this overexpression effectively alleviated DNA damage in cardiomyocytes.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of non-drug interventions in hospice and palliative care(HPC)for improving cancer-related fatigue(CRF)in elderly individuals and its impact on quality of life.Methods:This study presents findings from a single-center randomized controlled trial conducted at Zhejiang Hospital, focusing on 40 elderly patients experiencing cancer-related fatigue(CRF)between February 2022 and February 2023.The participants were randomly assigned into a control group and an intervention group, each consisting of 20 individuals, using the random number table method.Both groups received routine comprehensive treatment, with the intervention group additionally receiving hospice and palliative care(HPC)non-drug intervention.Following 6 weeks of continuous treatment, the study compared the clinical efficacy, changes in CRF, and quality of life before and after treatment between the two groups.Results:Comparing the baseline data of the two groups of patients, the difference was not statistically significant(all P>0.05).After 6 weeks of treatment, patients in the intervention group reported lower levels of current fatigue, general fatigue, worst fatigue in the past 24 hours, and impact of fatigue on various aspects of their lives compared to the control group(all P<0.01).The clinical remission rate of cancer-related fatigue(CRF)in the intervention group was 60%, significantly higher than the 5% in the control group( P<0.01).Additionally, the intervention group showed improvement in overall quality of life and emotional function with decreased symptom areas scores(fatigue, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, sleep disorders, and loss of appetite)( P<0.01 for quality of life and emotional function, P<0.05 for symptom areas). Conclusions:Non-pharmacological interventions within the context of hospice and palliative care have been shown to alleviate cancer-related fatigue in elderly cancer patients, ultimately improving their quality of life.These interventions have demonstrated positive effects on various aspects such as overall quality of life, functional status, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, sleep disorders, and decreased appetite.Furthermore, these interventions are considered safe and effective in the treatment of elderly cancer patients experiencing fatigue.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA (miR)-4472 targeting PIN1 in regulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods:Between January 2022 and January 2024, sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups at The Second Hospital of Jiaxing using a random number table method: a normal control group, an HIE model group, an inhibition control group, a miR-4472 inhibition group, a miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group, and a miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group, with ten rats in each group. There was no significant difference in body mass among the six groups (all P > 0.05). Rat models of HIE were established using the Rice-Vannucci method. Behavioral performance was assessed using the Morris water maze test, while neurological function was evaluated using the Longa scoring method. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL assay, and the expression of NF-κB and STAT3 protein was measured using Western blot analysis. Results:Compared with the HIE model group, the miR-4472 inhibition group and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group showed a shortened escape latency, while the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group exhibited an extended escape latency (all P < 0.05). The number of platform crossings in the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group [(2.13 ± 0.54) times] was significantly lower than that in the HIE model group [(3.56 ± 0.71) times], the inhibition control group [(3.61 ± 0.87) times], the miR-4472 inhibition group [(5.47 ± 1.29) times], and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group [(5.58 ± 1.32) times] ( t = 5.07, 4.57, 7.55, 7.65, all P < 0.05). The Longa score in the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group [(3.03 ± 0.30) points] was significantly lower than that in the HIE model group [(2.45 ± 0.54) points], the inhibition control group [(2.38 ± 0.69) points], the miR-4472 inhibition group [(1.27 ± 0.46) points], and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group [(1.29 ± 0.51) points] ( t = 2.97, 2.73, 10.13, 9.30, all P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons in the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group [(25.34 ± 6.16)%] was significantly lower than that in the HIE model group [(18.42 ± 5.46)%], the inhibition control group [(17.95 ± 4.38)%], the miR-4472 inhibition group [(8.89 ± 2.10)%], and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group [(9.13 ± 2.57)%] ( t = 2.97, 2.73, 10.13, 9.30, all P < 0.05). Compared with the HIE model group, the miR-4472 inhibition group and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group exhibited decreased gray values of NF-κB and STAT3 protein, while the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group showed increased gray values of NF-κB and STAT3 protein (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:miR-4472 targets and regulates PIN1, which contributes to HIE injury through the activation of the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objectives:Present study analyzed the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)using the distal transradial access(dTRA)for patients with complex coronary lesions. Methods:A total of 10 033 patients with complex coronary artery lesions(type B2 and type C lesions)who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)via dTRA or conventional transradial access(TRA)at Fuwai Hospital between June 2021 and May 2022 were included(9 625 patients in the TRA group and 408 patients in the dTRA group).After propensity score matching,391 patients were included in each group.Baseline data,PCI intraoperative data(including lesion characteristics,intervention success rate,etc.),and incidence of major bleeding related to the access were compared between the two groups before and after propensity score matching. Results:Before propensity score matching,the proportions of patients with hypertension,hyperlipidemia,family history of coronary heart disease,history of myocardial infarction,and history of coronary artery bypass grafting were significantly higher in the dTRA group than in the TRA group(all P<0.05).After propensity score matching,the baseline data of the two groups were similar(all P>0.05).Before propensity score matching,compared with the TRA group,patients in the dTRA group had a higher proportion of patients with type B2 lesions,while the proportions of patients with type C lesions and those using intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)were lower(all P<0.05).The proportion of patients with chronic complete occlusion was similar between the two groups(P>0.05).After propensity score matching,compared with the TRA group,patients in the dTRA group had a lower proportion using IVUS and had a higher percent of stent implantation(both P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of SYNTAX score,guide catheter size,target lesion distribution,proportion of patients using intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation,success rate of intervention procedures,and incidence of major bleeding events related to the access(all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the conventional TRA,interventional treatment of complex lesions through dTRA is equally safe and effective for patients with complex coronary lesions.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To investigate the central mechanism of moxibustion in treating chronic inflammatory visceral pain(CIVP)and its analgesic effect from the perspective of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/Ets-like transcription factor 1(ELK1)signaling pathway in the spinal cord. Methods:Clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,a herb-partitioned moxibustion(HPM)group,a sham-HPM group,a p38 MAPK inhibitor group,and a dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group.CIVP rat models were prepared using an enema mixture of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid solution and 50%ethanol.The HPM group was treated with HPM;the sham-HPM group was treated the same as the HPM group,but the moxa cones were not ignited;rats in the p38 MAPK inhibitor group received L5-L6 intrathecal injection of p38 MAPK inhibitor(SB203580);rats in the DMSO group received L5-L6 intrathecal injection of 2%DMSO.Abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR),mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT),and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were used to observe pain-related behaviors in each group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphological changes in rat colon tissue.Western blotting and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the phosphorylated protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1),MAPK kinase(MKK)3/6,p38 MAPK,ELK1,and mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1(MSK1)in the spinal cord. Results:Compared with the normal group,CIVP rats had severe colonic inflammatory injuries,and the pathological injury scores increased significantly,along with increased AWR scores under different colorectal distension(CRD)stimulation pressures and decreased MWT and TWL;the mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression of p38 MAPK,ELK1,MSK1,ASK1,MKK3,and MKK6 all increased in the spinal cord(P<0.01).After HPM treatment,the colon injuries were repaired,and the pathological injury scores decreased;under different CRD stimulation pressures,the AWR scores decreased,and the MWT and TWL increased;the mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression of p38 MAPK,ELK1,ASK1,and MKK3 in the spinal cord also decreased,with statistically significant differences compared with the model group and the sham-HPM group(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the above indicators between the HPM group and the p38 MAPK inhibitor group(P>0.05),and the same was true regarding the comparisons between the model group and the DMSO group. Conclusion:HPM exerted analgesic effects via downregulating the mRNA and phosphorylated protein expression of ASK1,MKK3,p38 MAPK,and ELK1 in the spinal cord of CIVP rats.The inhibition of spinal p38 MAPK/ELK1 signaling pathway activation may be one of the mechanisms by which HPM relieves pain in CIVP.

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of treating lumbar muscle strain(LMS)with Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)plus Chinese medication hot compress. Methods:A total of 147 LMS patients were randomized into a Tuina group,a Chinese medication hot compress group,and a combined group,each consisting of 49 cases.The Tuina group received Tuina treatment;the Chinese medication hot compress group received Chinese medication hot compress treatment;and the combined group received the forementioned two therapies alternately.The three groups of patients were assessed using the visual analog scale(VAS)and Oswestry disability index(ODI)before treatment and after 2 weeks of treatment.A 2-month follow-up was also conducted to observe the relapse rate. Results:The VAS and ODI scores dropped significantly after treatment in all three groups compared with their baseline(P<0.05),and the combined group surpassed the other two groups in comparing the ODI score(P<0.05).The 2-month follow-up showed that the combined group had the lowest relapse rate among the three groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared to each therapy used alone,Tuina plus Chinese medication hot compress can relieve pain,improve daily living function,and reduce the short-term relapse rate better in treating LMS patients.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of neck Gongfa exercise in intervening people at high risk for cervical spondylosis. Methods:A total of 212 participants from 8 companies at high risk for cervical spondylosis were divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 105 participants in the control group receiving health education and 107 participants in the trial group receiving an additional neck Gongfa exercise.After successive 3-month interventions,the two groups were compared in terms of cervical soft tissue tension and neck disability index(NDI)score.The incidence of cervical spondylosis was observed 3 months later. Results:During the process,10 cases dropped out in the trial group,and the control group had 9 dropout cases.After the intervention,the cervical soft tissue tension value and NDI score improved in both groups(P<0.05)and showed significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05).At the 3-month follow-up,the trial group had a lower incidence rate of cervical spondylosis than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:For people at high risk for cervical spondylosis,neck Gongfa exercise can effectively improve cervical soft tissue tension and motor dysfunction and lower the incidence of cervical spondylosis in the short run.

The microsphere drug delivery systems have been extensively exploited for providing controllable drug release kinetics, enhancing drug stability and localized drug delivery. In past decade, dozens of microsphere drug delivery systems have been developed for clinical therapy of cancer, schizophrenia and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinsonism). In this review article, we comprehensively summarized the fabrication methods of drug delivery systems and highlighted their advances for clinical application. Furthermore, we analyzed the potential and the challenges for clinical translation of the drug delivery systems.