The pathogenesis of male infertility is intricate and complex,and now,Western medicine is primarily based on empirical drug treatment.Male infertility is one of the advantageous diseases of traditional Chinese medicine,and traditional Chinese medicine has obvious effect in improving male reproductive function,which is one of the important means of clinical treatment of this disease.Based on the classical ancient books and modern research,and based on the traditional tonifying kidney method,we have innovatively put forward the concept of treating male infertility with the principle of"deficiency of kidney essence as the root,tonifying kidney and benefiting essence as the method,and regulating yin and yang mildly as the rule",which has achieved good clinical efficacy.At the same time,combined with the long-term clinical practice of our team,we have proposed five major diagnosis and treatment strategies for male infertility,i.e.,combining disease identification with syndrome identification,combining macroscopic with microscopic approaches,combining holistic with localized treatments,combining traditional Chinese medicine with surgery,and combining treatment of the disease and treatment of the person.In addition,we have summarized some of the current problems in the treatment of male infertility with traditional Chinese medicine and put forward corresponding suggestions,with a view to promoting the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of male infertility.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of skull base reconstruction failure after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 228 EESBS cases at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2018 to 2023. The clinical features associated with skull base reconstruction and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage were collected and analyzed. Lasso regression was initially used for exploratory analysis, and risk factors for reconstruction failure were subsequently evaluated using multifactorial logistic regression.Results:A total of 157 cases of EESBS were included, with an overall reconstruction failure rate of 11.5% (18/157). No patients who underwent second-stage reconstruction with a tipped mucosal flap or multilayered free mucosal and fascial repair experienced further postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Variables identified through Lasso regression included history of surgery, history of radiotherapy, and site of leakage. Multifactorial logistic analysis showed that history of radiotherapy ( OR=5.96, P=0.021) and site of leakage in the posterior skull base ( OR=8.70, P=0.003) were significant risk factors for failure of skull base reconstruction. Conclusion:In cases with a history of radiotherapy and/or posterior skull base lesions in the operative area, reconstruction strategies should be strengthened to improve the success rate of one-stage repair, in particular, when intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurs.

Objective:To investigate various clinical treatment measures for thoracolumbar fractures and provide new diagnosis and treatment methods.Methods:The case data of 5 patients(3 males, 2 females, and the age ranged from 39 to 59 years with an average of 51 years) with thoracolumbar fractures were treated with Waveflex semi-rigid internaI fixation system from May 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, imaging indexes and clinical effects were followed up, and analyzed and summarized in combination with relevant literatures.Results:The operations of all 5 patients were successfully completed, and the follow-up period was 6 months. At the last follow-up, the internal fixation position was good, the height of the injured vertebra was maintained satisfactorily, and the clinical effect was satisfactory.Conclusion:Waveflex semi-rigid internal fixation system combines the advantages of fusion and non-fusion, providing a new idea for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, but its long-term effect still needs further follow-up.

Objective:To investigate the etiological characteristics of nasal bacterial infection in patients with nasal lymphoma. Methods:The results of bacterial culture of nasal secretions from 39 healthy people and 86 patients with nasal lymphoma in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences in nasal bacteria distribution between nasal lymphoma and healthy people were analyzed and compared. Results:Corynebacterium（38.90%） was the most common bacteria in the nasal cavity of healthy people, followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus（31.95%）, Staphylococcus epidermidis（15.28%） and Staphylococcus aureus（6.95%）. The most common bacteria in nasal lymphoma patients was Staphylococcus aureus（30.37%）, followed by Corynebacterium（9.63%）, Staphylococcus epidermidis（7.41%） and coagulase negative Staphylococcus（6.67%）. A total of 81 nasal lymphoma patients were detected with bacteria, positive rate is as high as 94.19%（81/86）. Conclusion:Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogenic bacteria in nasal secretion of patients with nasal lymphoma, which provides guiding significance for the clinical prevention and treatment of nasal lymphoma complicated with infection or not.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Coagulase ; Nasal Cavity ; Bacteria ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Rhinitis/complications* ; Staphylococcal Infections

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF) will bring heavy economic and medical burden to patients, families and society, which has become an increasingly serious clinical and social problem, the clinical should pay great attention to it. Although the minimally invasive method of diagnosis and therapy of OVCF, which is the most common type of osteoporosis fracture (fragility fracture or low-energy traumatic fracture), has been widely developed, it is urgently needed to receive bone mineral density examination and accept standardized treatment for patients with osteoporosis. This article will focus on the crucial diagnosis and therapy problems and the latest progress of spinal OVCF, looks forward to the future development trend, and provides reference for the standardized clinical diagnosis and therapy of OVCF.

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effectiveness of trolamine for preventing and treating radiation dermatitis （RD） and evidence quality， and to provide reference for clinical use. METHODS： Retrieved from PubMed， Cochrane library， Embase， CNKI， Wanfang and VIP database， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about trolamine （trial group） versus usual care （control group） for preventing and treating RD were collected. After data extraction， Cochrane bias risk assessment tool 5.0.2 was used to assess the bias risk， and Rev Man 5.3 statistical software was used to perform the Meta-analysis. GRADE evidence quality grading system was used to evaluate the evidence quality of outcome indexes. RESULTS： Seven RCTs were included， involving 782 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in total incidence of RD [OR＝0.50， 95％CI （0.23， 1.11）， P＝0.09]， and the incidence of grade Ⅰ RD [OR＝1.32， 95％CI（0.96，1.81）， P＝0.09]， grade Ⅱ RD [OR＝1.07， 95％CI（0.80，1.42）， P＝0.66]， grade Ⅲ RD [OR＝0.69， 95％CI（0.45，1.04）， P＝0.07] or grade Ⅳ RD [OR＝0.43， 95％CI（0.17，1.05）， P＝0.07] between 2 groups. Results of Grade evidence quality evaluation showed that total incidence of RD， and the incidence of grade Ⅱ RD and grade Ⅳ RD were recommended by moderate-level evidence in 2 groups， while the incidence of grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅲ RD were recommended by low-level evidence. CONCLUSIONS： Trolamine is not effective in preventing and treating RD， and can not reduce the incidence of RD.

With the introduction and development of the concept of precision surgery,3D printing individualized guide template has been gradually applied in the field of spinal surgery because of its advantages of increasing surgical precision,reducing the difficulty and risk of surgery,reducing the operation time,and reducing the intraoperative transmission dose,etc..Individualized guide plates designed and manufactured according to the patient~ surgical site,self-conditions and individual differences before surgery can accurately restore the preoperative design during surgery to meet the needs of modernized spine surgery for individualization and precision.Individualized guide template has great guiding significance for complex spinal surgery.This article reviews the current clinical application of 3D printing individualized guide template in spine surgery,summarizes its produce principles and procedures,advantages and limits,and make prospect for it's future applications.

Objective To investigate whether capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6A and 6B contained in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV13 ) could induce cross- protective antibodies against newly discovered serotypes 6C and 6D and the differences between them. Methods New Zealand rabbits were radomly divided into three groups and respectively muscularly administrated with three doses of PCV13, PCV6A and PCV6B on days 0, 14 and 28. PCV6A and PCV6B were conjugates of capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6A and 6B chemically coupled with diphtheria toxin mutant CRM197. Serum samples were collected on days 0 and 35. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) was used to quantitatively measure serotype-specific antibodies to capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D. Opsonophagocytosis assay ( OPA) of WHO pneumococcal serology reference laboratory was used to determine antibody functional activities targeting serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D. Results Immunization rabbits with PCV13 induced the secretion of antibodies to capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6A and 6B. These antibodies were able to not only cross-react with capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6C and 6D but also recognize and bind to target Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D, resulting in the activation of complements and further phagocytosis of target bacteria by differentiated HL60 cells. Bactericid-al titers were largely even among these serotypes except for serotype 6D which was slightly lower. PCV6A could induce antibody against capsular polysaccharide of serotype 6A, which was able to cross-react with capsular pol-ysaccharides of serotypes 6B, 6C and 6D and showed higher bactericidal titers to serotypes 6A, 6B and 6C over serotype 6D. PCV6B could induce antibody against capsular polysaccharide of serotype 6B, which was able to cross-react with capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6A, 6C and 6D and showed higher bactericidal titers to se-rotypes 6A, 6B and 6C over serotype 6D. Antibody concentrations and bactericidal titers specific to serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D were significantly increased following immunization with PCV13, PCV6A or PCV6B (P<0. 01). Conclusion PCV13 containing pneumococcal serotypes 6A and 6B induced antibodies against capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6A and 6B in New Zealand rabbits, which were able to cross-react with capsular polysaccharides of serotypes 6C and 6D and provide cross-protection to bacteria of serotypes 6C and 6D. Both serotypes of 6A and 6B contained in PCV13 contributed to the induction of cross-protective antibodies, especially to serotype 6C.

Objective To establish an animal model for evaluating immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Methods New Zealand rabbits were intramuscularly administrated with three doses of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) with two weeks interval between each injection.Serum samples were collected at different time points before and after vaccination.Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) that were in conformity with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards were used to detect the concentrations of serotype-specific antibodies and their bactericidal activities.Results The concentrations (Geometric mean concentration, GMC) of serotype-specific antibodies in rabbit serum samples were well correlated with their bactericidal activities (Geometric mean titer, GMT) following vaccination.Moreover, the dynamic changes of GMC and GMT of the same serotype-specific antibody remained consistent as time went by.Conclusion Rabbit model can be used to analyze the immunogenicity of PCV13 vaccine with quantitative ELISA and OPA, which indicates that it is a suitable animal model for evaluating immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between maternal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) exposure during pregnancy and neonatal neurobehavioral development. METHODS: A total of 296 pairs of pregnant women and their newborns in hospital A in Changzhi City and hospital B in Taiyuan City were selected as research subjects by convenience sampling method. The air PAHs levels in these two hospitals were measured using high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). The pregnant women were investigated by questionnaires. The levels of PAHs metabolites in prenatal 24-hour urine samples were measured as indicators of exposure using HPLC. The pregnant women were divided into PAHs low-,medium-and high-exposure groups based on the 25th and the 75th percentile levels. The neonatal birth weight,head circumference and birth length were measured,and the neonatal neurobehavioral development was measured by neonatal behavioral neurological assessment( NBNA). RESULTS: The median level of total PAHs metabolite in maternal urine was 0. 94 mg/mo L creatinine. The newborn total NBNA scores,behavioral abilities and active muscle tension scores in the PAHs high-exposure group were lower than that of PAHs low-and medium-exposure groups( P < 0. 05). The newborn total NBNA scores and active muscle tension scores in the PAHs medium-exposure group were lower than that of PAHs lowexposure group( P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in scores of neonatal weight,head circumference,birth length,passive muscular tension,primary reflexes and general reaction among these three groups( P > 0. 05). The multiple stepwise linear regression analysis results showed that the level of PAHs metabolite in maternal urine were negatively correlated with the total NBNA scores,behavioral abilities score,active muscle tension scores and general reaction score( P < 0. 05),and showed no correlation with the neonatal birth weight,head circumference,passive muscular tension score,birth length and primary reflexes scores( P > 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The level of total PAHs metabolites in maternal prenatal urine is associated with neonatal neurobehavioral development. This result indicates that maternal PAHs exposure during pregnancy may have adverse effects on neonatal neurobehavioral development.