The signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)proteins, which can transmit signals from extracellular to nucleus, play important roles in biological processes. The abnormal activation of STAT3 signaling pathway usually results in many malignant diseases such as tumors(leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer and lung cancer), inflammation or immune and rheumatoid arthritis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the activation of STAT3, which means the phosphorylation of the residue 705, can inhibit apoptosis, induce cell proliferation and angiogenesis and finally lead to malignant diseases mentioned above. In this review, the biological functions of STAT family proteins and the related diseases of STAT3 are introduced, and the inhibitors of STAT3 are summarized simply. Further development of STATs is also proposed.

Nerve agent not only inhibit acetylcholinesterase ( AChE) at an early stage, but also induce prolonged and progressive neuroinflammation and delayed neurodegeneration.Recently, the US National Institute of Health ( NIH) has sponsored some major programs of toxic mechanisms and treatment of nerve agents, which aims at the development of quick and effective treatment to acute intoxication and delayed effect.The experimentally effective new antidotes mainly include AChE-targeting drugs, broad-spectrum reactivators and scavengers, antiinflamatory and nerve protection drugs.

Objective To explore the effect of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide(CEES) poisoning on keratinocyte migration and the regulatory role of microRNA(miR)-34a.Methods MTS was used to detect the viability of cells exposed to CEES in order to select an appropriate dose of CEES exposure in this in vitro model.The protein level of keratin 5 and keratin 10 was detected to assess cell differentiation status .Scratch assay was applied to evaluate cell migration ,and miR-34a silencing in keratinocytes was achieved by transfecting chemically synthesized miR-34a specific miRNA inhibitor.t-ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 levels closely related to cell migration were detected using Western blotting .Results An in vitro CEES exposure model of keratinocytes was established at the optimal concentration of 0.5 mmol/L CEES in the viability test , and this dose was chosen to evaluate cell migration changes .The migration of cells was significantly inhibited 24 h after CEES exposure , accompanied by no changes in morphology and keratin 5/10 levels.Silencing of miR-34a significantly increased the migration of cells exposed to CEES , which could be blocked by adding 5 μmol/L U0126 , an ERK1/2 phosphorylation selective inhibitor.Conclusion Silencing of miR-34a can significantly increase keratinocyte migration and partially reverse the inhibition of CEES-caused migration , which could be mediated by ERK 1/2 pathway activation .

Objective To compare the changes in energy metabolism in 2-chloroethyl ethryl sulfide(CEES)-poisoned bronchial epithelial cell 16HBE cultured in media at different glucose concentrations .Methods Bronchial epithelial cell 16HBE was cultured in high (4.5 mg/ml) or low (1.1 mg/ml) glucose medium and exposed to a sulfur mustard simulant CEES of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mmol/L.Cell growth and cytotoxicity were tested using MTS .ATP, ADP and AMP were detected by HPLC and the value of ATP/ADP, total adenine nucleotides ( TAN) and energy charge ( EC) was subsequently calculat-ed.Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins, COX-10 and ISCU, were detected using Western blotting . Rhodamine 123 was applied to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometry .Results Low glucose accelerated the growth and energy metabolism of 16HBE cells in regular culture , and the contens of ADP , TAN, COX-10 and ISCU in low glucose group were significantly higher than those in high glucose group .CEES exposure (≥0.5 mmol/L) significantly affected cell viability in both high and low glucose groups , with significant difference between the two groups exposed to 1.0 mmol/L CEES.In high glucose group, 24 h after 0.5 or 1.0 mmol/L CEES exposure, the contents of ATP, ADP and TAN were significantly increased , while ATP/ADP and EC decreased .In low glucose group , ADP, AMP and TAN significantly decreased, while ATP/ADP and EC increased 24 h after 1.0 mmol/L CEES exposure.The mi-tochondrial membrane potential (MMP) also changed differently after 0.5 mmol/L CEES exposure.MMP in high glucose group marginally increased at 3 h, and significantly increased at 8-12 h (P<0.05), and returned to normal at 24 h. MMP in low glucose group showed a transient decrease at 5 h (P<0.01), and back to normal at 8 h.The protein levels of COX-10 and ISCU were significantly increased in high glucose group 24 h after 0.5-1.0 mmol/L CEES exposure , but sig-nificantly decreased in low one 24 h after 1.0 mmol/L CEES exposure .Conclusion When 16HBE is cultured at a high or low glucose concentration , the cell growth, stress responses and energy metabolism including MMP , COX-10, ISCU and ATP production are in different status before or after CEES exposure .High glucose could protect against CEES exposure .

Objective To apply the real-time gray scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) with quantitative analysis technique to monitor the change of the renal cortex blood perfusion before and after Salvia miltiorrhiza treatment of rabbit renal is-chemia-reperfusion injury and to investigate the application value of the ultrasound contrast for evaluating the effect of medication in the treatment of rabbit renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) .Methods The rabbit right kidney was resected and the left renal pedicle was occluded for 60 min ischemia ,then the perfusion was recovered for establishing the IRI model .Salvia miltiorrhiza injec-tion was given for observing the pathological changes of the left kidney and the renal cortex blood prefusion under the contrast-en-hanced ultrasonography .The parameters of renal cortex blood perfusion were quantitatively analyzed by the time-intension curves . Results After IRI occurrence ,the time-intensity curve (TIC) of the rabbit renal cortex was slowly ascended .The time to peak (TTP) was extened and the rising slope(Grad) of the curve ascending branch was declined (P< 0 .05);after Salvia miltiorrhiza treatment ,TTP decreased and Grad increased obviously(P<0 .05) .Conclusion CEUS combined with quantitative analysis can re-flect the renal blood perfusion abnormity caused by ischemia-reperfusion and discover the change of the renal blood perfusion after medication treatment .

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical manifestations of infant cytomegalovirus infection in different age. MethodThe clinical data of 237 infants who suffered from cytomegalovirus infection was analyzed retrospectively and divided into three groups: 0-3 months old (77 cases,group A) ,4-6 months old ( 65 cases , group B ) , 7-12 months old ( 95 cases , group C ). ResultsThe incidence of respiratory infection was the highest among all infectious organs in three groups, the numbers of patients who had wheeze in group A was less than that in the other two groups[24.7％(19/77) vs. 61.5％ (40/65), 61.1％( 58/95 )](P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidence of jaundice decreased gradually as the babies grew up[23.4％( 18/77 )→7.7％(5/65 )→1.1％( 1/95 )](P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in diarrhoea and bleeding among three groups (P＞0.05 ). The proportion of alanine aminotransferase], aspartate amino transferase increasing was similar among three groups, but gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was different, the proportion of GGT increasing was 77.9％ (60/77) in group A which was higher than that in the other two groups[10.8％ ( 7/65 ), 2.1％ ( 2/95 )].Granulocytopenia in group B was obviously decreased compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05 ), anemia was easily occurred in group C (P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionThe injury of cytomegalovirus infection may be related to month old.