Gliomas, especially high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, characterized by high proliferative capacity, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. The development of GBM relies heavily on continuous metabolic reprogramming to adapt to the unique intracranial microenvironment, with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) metabolic remodeling playing a pivotal role. Dysregulation of NAD⁺ and its associated metabolic pathways sustains increased intracellular NAD⁺ levels, which drive the malignant proliferation and invasive potential of GBM, correlating with worsened patient prognosis. This review systematically summarizes the current research landscape of NAD⁺ metabolic remodeling in GBM, elucidates the mechanisms by which NAD⁺ contributes to GBM pathogenesis and progression, and explores the clinical potential of NAD⁺-targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to provide novel insights and directions for the clinical management of GBM.

Acute respimtory distress syndrome(ARDS)is an acute diffuse inflammatory lung injury caused by various internal and external lung injury factors.It has complex pathogenesis,rapid onset and high mortality,which seriously endangers human life and health.Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the important pathologic processes of ARDS occurrence and development,and it is also an important cause of death in ARDS patients.To a certain extent,the severity of pulmonary fibrosis in ARDS is determined by the dynamic balance of macrophage-fibroblast interactions.Therefore,this article aims to review the interaction mechanism of macrophage-fibroblasts in the pro-cess of ARDS pulmonary fibrosis,and provide new methods and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of ARDS pul-monary fibrosis.

AIM:To explore the effects of CD38 on lysosome reformation and cholesterol efflux in macro-phages.METHODS:Bone marrow-derived macrophages from low-density lipoprotein(LDL)receptor knockout(LDLr-/-)mice were cultured as cell model.Live cell imaging system was applied to evaluate the effect of nicotinic acid adenine di-nucleotide phosphate(NAADP)on lysosome number.ELISA was conducted to measure NAADP level in macrophages.After the cells were treated with nicotinic acid(NA),RT-qPCR was conducted to detect CD38 mRNA expression,and Western blot was conducted to observe CD38 protein expression and phosphorylated transcription factor EB(TFEB)level.Laser scanning confocal microscopy was applied to evaluate the influence of CD38/NAADP signaling on lysosome number and cholesterol egression.RESULTS:NAADP remarkably increased lysosome number(P<0.05),and this effect was significantly inhibited by NAADP antagonist NED-19,Ca2+ chelator BAPTA,and calcineurin inhibitor CsA(P<0.05).CD38 markedly enhanced NAADP synthesis in macrophages(P<0.05).NAADP synthetic substrate NA prominently ele-vated the expression of CD38 mRNA and protein(P<0.05).NA significantly decreased the phosphorylated TFEB level;this effect was also attenuated by NED-19,BAPTA and CsA(P<0.05).Disrupting CD38/NAADP signaling pathway markedly inhibited NA-induced enhancement of lysosome number,lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester efflux in macrophages(P<0.05).NA-induced enhancement of lysosome number,lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester efflux abolished in LDLr/CD38 DKO macrophages(P<0.05),whereas these effects induced by NA were recovered after CD38 gene rescue.CONCLUSION:CD38 triggers lysosome reformation via TFEB and consequently pro-motes the efflux of lysosomal free cholesterol and cytosol cholesterol ester.

Objective:To systemically evaluate the characteristics of cytokine levels in intraocular fluid of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).Methods:Literature on the detection of cytokine levels in NVG published before June 2022 was searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP).Two investigators independently completed the literature search, inclusion, and data extraction following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Quantitative analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 software.Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, and effects were combined using the appropriate effect model to complete the meta-analysis. Results:A total of 24 studies were screened, including 771 NVG cases and 727 age-related cataract cases (control group).The standardized mean difference ( SMD) of the combined effect value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mass concentration in the aqueous humor between the two groups was 8.79, with a 95% confidence interval ( CI) of 6.43 to 11.14.The SMD of interleukin-6 (IL-6) between the two groups was 12.50, with a 95% CI of 9.41 to 15.58.The VEGF and IL-6 levels in aqueous humor and vitreous humor were significantly higher in NVG group than in control group (all at P<0.05).The pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) level in aqueous humor was lower in NVG group than in control group ( SMD: -3.03, 95% CI: -5.50--0.55, P<0.05).The levels of IL-8 ( SMD: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.14-6.85), erythropoietin (EPO) ( SMD: 9.62, 95% CI: 0.44-18.79), placental growth factor (PIGF) ( SMD: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.38-3.86), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ( SMD: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.87-4.87) were all significantly higher in NVG group than in control group (all at P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-1β level in aqueous humor between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In NVG patients, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, EPO, PIGF, TNF-α levels are obviously increased and PEDF level is obviously decreased.These biomarkers can be used as potential predictors or therapeutic targets for NVG.

Objective:To evaluate the dosimetric characteristics of Zap-X system and CyberKnife (CK) G4 system of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for single brain metastasis.Methods:Twelve patients with single brain metastasis had been treated with CK were selected retrospectively. The prescribed dose of planning target volume (PTV) was 18-24 Gy for 1-3 fractions. The PTV was ranged from 0.44 to 11.52 cm 3. The 12 patients were re-planned in the Zap-X planning system using the same prescription dose and organs at risk constraints, and the prescription dose of PTV was normalized to 70% for both Zap-X and CK. The planning parameters and dosimetric parameters of PTV and organs at risk were compared and evaluated between two plans. All data were read at MIM Maestro. A paired Wilcoxon' signed-rank test was adopted for statistical analysis. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Results:For the target coverage, CK was significantly higher than Zap-X (99.14±0.57% vs. 97.55±1.34%, P<0.01), but Zap-X showed a higher conformity index (0.81±0.05 vs. 0.77±0.07, P<0.05), a lower Paddick gradient index (2.98±0.24 vs. 3.15±0.38), and a higher gradient score index (GSI) than CK. The total monitor unit (MU) of Zap-X was significantly lower than that of CK (11 627.63 ±5 039.53 vs. 23 522.16 ±4 542.12, P<0.01) and the treatment time was shorter than that of CK [(25.08 ±6.52) vs. (38.08 ±4.74) min, P<0.01]. Zap-X had lower dose volumes than CK for the dose of brain ( P<0.05). Zap-X had a lower D mean and D max of brainstem (both P<0.05), but a higher value of eyes and lens. For optic nerves and optic chiasm, there were no significant differences between two groups. In addition, for the protection of skin (V 22.5 Gy), Zap-X seemed better than CK [(4.15±4.48) vs. (4.37±4.50) cm 3, P<0.05]. Conclusions:For SRS treating single brain metastasis, Zap-X could provide a high quality plan equivalent to or even better than CK, especially reducing the treatment time. With continuous improvement and upgrading of Zap-X system, it may become a new SRS platform for the treatment of brain metastasis.

Acute pancreatitis often progresses rapidly, and if it is not controlled in time, it may lead to multiple organ injury and even death due to organ failure. At present, there is still a high proportion of patients with acute pancreatitis who died due to liver failure. The liver and the pancreas are interrelated physiologically and affect each other pathologically. This article elaborates on the molecular mechanism of liver injury in acute pancreatitis from the six aspects of the physiological relationship between the pancreas and the liver, cytokines, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, microcirculation disturbance, and intestinal flora translocation.

It has been reported that ODB genes play an important role in homologous recombination-directed DNA repair, suggesting their potential applications in plant breeding. To analyze the expression characteristics of tobacco NtODB gene, the cDNA sequence of NtODB was obtained using in silico cloning technique. The physicochemical properties, signal peptide, and advanced structures of the predicted protein were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The results showed that the NtODB gene has a 579-bp open reading frame which encodes a protein with 192 amino acid residues. The protein NtODB is predicted to be alkaline and hydrophilic. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that NtODB was constitutively expressed in different tissues. Subcellular localization showed that NtODB was mainly expressed in cell membrane and chloroplast. These results may help us to better understand and elucidate the roles of ODB genes in the homologous recombination-directed DNA repair.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; DNA, Complementary ; Phylogeny ; Plant Breeding ; Tobacco/genetics*

Metabolic disorders are observed in women after menopause, and the postmenopausal women suffering from chronic liver diseases have an increased risk of progression to liver fibrosis, with a higher risk than male patients of the same age, which may be associated with the decline of ovarian function and the reduction of estrogen level after menopause. This article summarizes the research advances in the molecular mechanism of progression to liver fibrosis from the aspects of estrogen and oxidative stress, activation of hepatic stellate cells, accumulation of extracellular matrix, and immune regulation. It is pointed out supplementation with an appropriate amount of estrogen in the perimenopausal period and the early menopausal period can reduce the risk of liver fibrosis and delay or even reverse the process of liver fibrosis, thereby improving quality of life and prolonging survival time in elderly female patients.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by emotional regulation, interpersonal relationship, self-image and impulse control instability. It is a mental disorder with high morbidity, high mortality and difficult treatment. Psychotherapy is the main treatment for this disease. However, current mainstream psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), has certain limitations, so it is necessary to find a more convenient and effective treatment method. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as the representative therapy of the third generation of cognitive therapy, aims to make individuals accept inevitable pain, find their own value and commit to action, and finally improve their psychological flexibility to live a meaningful life. ACT has been used in the treatment of a variety of mental disorders, and the effect is significant. By expounding the pathogenesis of BPD and the theoretical model of ACT, this paper analyzed the rationality and feasibility of ACT intervention in BPD from the pathological model and treatment model of ACT. Finally, the research results of ACT treating BPD in recent years were summarized. The results show that ACT provides a promising method for the treatment of BPD patients, however, more studies are needed to prove its use in this group and its specific mechanism.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of viral pathogen spectrum and the epidemiological characteristics of each viral pathogen in hospitalized cases associated with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Luohe City, Henan Province from 2017 to 2019.Methods:Based the SARI Case Surveillance Platform, SARI cases were collected in Central Hospital of Luohe City, Henan Province from November 2017 to February 2019. In the end, 783 SARI cases were included, whose throat swabs were taken within 24 h of admission, as well as their demographic characteristics, onset time, clinical characteristics and other information recorded. At the same time, viral identification was performed, and the age and time distribution of each virus were analyzed.Results:The age of 783 SARI cases shown as M ( P 25, P 75) was 3 (1, 5) years old, ranging from 1 month to 95 years old. Children under 5 years old were the majority (71.01%). The males (61.81%) were more than females (38.18%). Among the 783 SARI cases, a total of 9 kind of viruses were identified with 64.88% (508/783) of the throat swabs tested positive for at least one virus. The positive rate of influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus were both 20.18% (158 cases), which was the highest among all the detected respiratory virus. The co-infection rate was 15.84% (124/783), among which double infection was the most common, accounting for 85.48% (106/124) of the co-infected cases. And human respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus and influenza virus were the most common pathogen in co-infection cases. Moreover, the viral positive rate was 68.71% in children aged 5 years and 63.27% in people aged 60-95 years. Influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus dominated in winter and spring, while human parainfluenza virus was the main infection in summer. Conclusion:Influenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses in throat swabs of SARI cases from 2017 to 2019 in Luohe City, Henan Province. There were differences in the age and seasonal epidemiological characteristics of each virus.