【Objective】 To analyze the associations between different types of video screen time and psychological behaviors of preschool children, in order to provide evidence for promoting the development of children′s mental health. 【Methods】 From February to March 2023, a total of 1 361 parents of children aged 3 - 6 years from 6 kindergartens of Lanzhou were surveyed by cluster sampling method.Parents were surveyed to obtain information about the video use, and the children′s Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (parent version) was used to assess children′s psychological and behavioral problems. 【Results】 The rate of daily screen time exceeding standard was 36.96% (503/1 361).The screen time was mainly spent in watching TV cartoons, followed by educational APP.The detection rate of abnormal total difficulty score was 11.61% (158/1 361), and the abnormalities of peer communication (32.26%) and prosocial behavior (12.34%) were the most prominent.After adjusting for related factors by multiple Logistic regression analysis, total screen time≥2h/d (OR=1.802) was found to be a risk factor for abnormal total difficulty score; watching TV cartoons≥2h/d was a risk factor for abnormal total difficulty score (OR=2.409) and peer communication (OR=2.222); playing games≥1h/d was a risk factor for abnormal total difficulty score, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactive behavior, and abnormalities of peer communication, the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05).However, educational APP screen time<1h/d was a protective factor for abnormal total difficulty score(OR=0.615) and prosocial behavior (OR=0.549), but educational APP screen time≥2h/d was a risk factor for conduct problems (OR=2.302), the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 The screen time of preschool children in Lanzhou cannot be ignored, and there is a significant correlation between overuse and children′s psychological and behavioral problems.Parents and schools should attach importance to the parent-child and peer interaction of preschool children and strengthen the intervention of preschool children′s video behavior.

Objective To explore the value of quantitative chest CT in early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods The clinical data of 138 cases of COPD high-risk patients in Shanghai community and COPD high-risk respondents in outpatient clinic of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from September 20,2013 to May 20,2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All high-risk participants underwent pulmonary function and chest CT examination at baseline and 1 year later.Chest CT images were imported into quantitative CT analysis software to collect quantitative CT data.These participants were divided into COPD group(n=40)and non-COPD group(n=98)based on their lung functions after 1 year.The differences in baseline lung function and quantitative CT measurements between the two groups were compared.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictors of COPD in high-risk individuals after 1 year of follow-up,and the efficacy of the logistic regression model was evaluated by ROC curve.Results There were no significant differences in gender,body mass index(BMI),the percentage value of forced expiratory volume in 1 second predicted(FEV1%pred),airway wall area ratio(WA%),total airway count(TAC),and airway wall thickness(WT)between the two groups at baseline.Compared to the non-COPD group,the square root of the tracheal wall area at 10 mm from the inner circumference of the airway(Pi10),(3.43[3.30,3.54]vs 3.23[3.15,3.36],P＜0.001),and the percentage area of low attenuation regions below ﹣950 HU(LAA%﹣950),(2.06[0.32,6.29]vs 0.57[0.25,1.89],P=0.015)were significantly higher in the COPD group.The mean lung density(MLD)in the COPD group was lower than that in the non-COPD group([﹣799.89±35.62]vs[﹣783.60±43.52],P=0.038).Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age and Pi10 were risk factors for COPD(P＜0.05),with an area under the ROC curve of 0.791(95%CI 0.714-0.868).Conclusions In the COPD high-risk population with normal lung function,patients with elevated Pi10 and LAA%﹣950 have a higher incidence of COPD one year later,suggesting that quantitative chest CT measurements such as Pi10 and LAA%﹣950 can assist clinicians in identifying early-stage COPD.

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder. Early life social experience assessment before symptoms of ASD might be helpful for determining the causal link between social experiences and early childhood ASD. Younger children are exposed to excessive screen time in recent years. This paper summarizes the association between screen exposure with ASD in preschool children, and proposes future research directions and provides evidencebased guidance to optimize and support children s early media experiences.

Objective To evaluate the predictive values of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), urine NGAL, serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and serum creatinine (Scr) for early delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplant recipients. Methods Clinical data, blood and urine samples of 159 kidney transplant recipients were collected. All recipients were divided into the DGF group (n=42) and immediate graft function (IGF) group (n=117) according to the incidence of DGF. Clinical data of all recipients were analyzed. The changes of serum NGAL, urine NGAL, Cys-C and Scr levels were statistically compared between two groups. The predictive values of different markers for early DGF were assessed. Results Among 159 kidney transplant recipients, DGF occurred in 42 cases with an incidence rate of 26.4%. There were statistically significant differences in donor age, cold ischemia time of donor kidney and complement-dependent cytoxicity (CDC) between the two groups(all P < 0.05). Within postoperative 2 weeks, the serum NGAL levels in the DGF group were higher than those in the IGF group (all P < 0.05). The Cys-C, Scr and urine NGAL levels in the DGF group were higher compared with those in the IGF group within 3 weeks after kidney transplantation(all P < 0.001). Serum NGAL, urine NGAL, Cys-C and Scr levels had certain predictive values for early DGF in kidney transplant recipients. Cys-C yielded the highest predictive value with a cut-off value of 4.73 mg/L, sensitivity of 0.833, specificity of 0.812 and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.895. Conclusions Cys-C has higher predictive value for early DGF in kidney transplant recipients compared with serum NGAL, urine NGAL and Scr.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .in the human leucocyte antigen-B27(HLA-B27) gene and gene typing detection of ankylosing spondy-litis (AS) patients .Methods A total of 43 clinical blood samples of AS and 56 samples of healthy controls were collected in Shenzhen Futian hospital for rheumatic diseases from January 2014 to March 2015 .HLA-B27 gene was detected by flow cytometry .HLA-B27 gene and gene typing was also detected by the fluorescence PCR method .Results Among 43 samples ,40 samples were HLA-B27 positive(93 .02%) by flow cytometry while 39 samples were HLA-B27 positive (90 .70%) by fluorescence PCR .The total coincidence rate was 97 .50% .Among 39 positive samples ,32 samples were HLA-B2704 positive (82 .05%) and 7 samples were HLA-B2705 positive (17 .95%) .Conclusion The fluorescence PCR is an accurate method to detect HLA-B27 gene and presents high consistency with flow cytometry .It can also detect the HLA-B27 gene typing .It may have great clinical application value and prospects .

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and provide fundamental data for reducing the incidence of TBI and improving its treatment efficacy.Methods Medical histories of TBI inpatients from January 2011 to December 2016 were collected from the TBI database of Neurosurgical Department at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.Information including gender,age,causes of TBI,injury severity,sources of the inpatients,interval from injury to treatment,diagnosis,and treatment were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 2 368 TBI patients were enrolled,aged mainly 30-60 years.There were more male patients (n =1 741) than female patients (n =627) (2.78 ∶ 1),while the gender ratio was reversed among patients above 60 years old (2.09 ∶ 1) (P ＜ 0.05).Traffic accident (60.14％) remained the major cause of TBI,while the proportion of electric motorcycle accident was 17.35％,followed by fall from height (13.64％).The proportion of mild TBI patients from suburb counties was lower than that of patients from the six urban areas (P ＜ 0.05),while the proportion of heavy TBI patients from other provinces was higher than those of both urban and suburb counties (P ＜ 0.05).The average interval from injury to specialist treatment was 7.53 hours.Patients who received treatment within 3 hours had better improvement than those who were treated 3 hours after TBI (P ＜ 0.05).The main injuries were skull fracture (33.07％) and brain contusion (30.32％).A total of 783 patients (33.07％) underwent surgery,among which 693 patients received the most common procedure of craniotomy hematoma evacuation (including decompressive craniectomy).The improvement rate of patients with intracranial pressure monitoring was higher than those without intracranial pressure monitoring (P ＜ 0.05).The improvement rate of the surgery group was significantly higher than that of the non surgery group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The ratio of elderly female TBI patients is on the rise;TBI presents an increase in traffic accidents;mild TBI patients choose to receive treatment in close hospitals while those with severe TBI choose comprehensive hospitals;and the interval from injury to treatment is long.The following strategies including improving the traffic facilities,strengthening the education of traffic safety on elderly females and pedestrians,and optimizing the TBI medical treatment process would reduce the incidence of TBI and improve the efficiency of treatment.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion targeted biopsy (TB) and systematic biopsy (SB) in the patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) in grey area.Methods The patients who received MRI/US fusion TB and SB in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between October 2015 and March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.Eligibility criteria included:tPSA ranged 4 to 10 ng/ml;prebiopsy MRI found at least 1 suspected lesion;no prostate-related treatment history;no prostate biopsy history.A total of 93 patients were invloved.The median age,tPSA and prostate volume were 66 (30-85) years,7.18 (4.11-9.95) ng/ml and 42.01 (14.93-119.15) ml,respectively.Prebiopsy MRI found 136 suspected lesions,with the median PI-RADS of 3 (3-5) and lesion size of 7 (3-20) mm.All patients underwent MRI/US fusion TB followed by SB.The comparison of two protocols in detecting any prostate cancer (PCa) as well as clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) were analyzed.Results Cancer detection rates for PCa in TB [34.40％ (32/93)] was not different with SB [36.55％ (34/93),P =0.759].There was no significant difference in the detection rate of CsPCa between TB and SB [20.43％ (19/93) vs.24.73％ (23/93),P=0.483].A total of 1 374 biopsy cores were sampled,among which 266 were TB cores and additional 1108 were SB cores.The positive rate of TB cores [24.81％ (66/266)] was significantly higher than SB cores [9.84％ (109/1 108),P ＜0.001].Conclusions In the patients with PSA in grey area,MRI/US fusion TB achieved similar cancer detection rate compared with SB using only few biopsy cores.Therefore,TB was appropriate for patients with MRI suspicions.Moreover,combination of TB with SB can achieve the highest cancer detection rate.

Objective To estimate the value of transrectal ultrasound/magnetic resonance imaging (TRUS/MR) fusion targeted prostate biopsy(targeted biopsy,TB) in the biopsy naive patients.Methods Between September 2015 and September 2016,91 patients with PI-RADS ≥ 3 suspicious regions on the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were retrospectively evaluated.The age of patients was 46-83 years (median 68).Serum PSA level before biopsy was 1.2-85 ng/ml (median 11.2 ng/ ml),in which 36 cases with PSA ＜ 10 ng/ml,30 cases 10-20 ng/ml,and 25 cases ＞ 20 ng/ml.Two-core TB using real-time virtual sonography (RVS) platform for mpMRI-suspicious lesions was followed by 12-core systematic biopsy (SB).The detection rates for any cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) were compared between TB and SB.Results The total detection rate for PCa was 57.1％,with a comparable positive rate between TB (44.0％) and SB (51.7％) groups which did not significantly differ (P =0.14).The proportion of CsPCa in TB group was higher than that in SB group (80.0％ vs.68.1％,P =0.21).In TB group,detection of PCa for grade 5 lesions was significantly higher than that for grade 3 lesions (77.1％ vs.10.3％,P ＜0.001).Detection of PCa was comparable between TB and SB groups in different regions of PSA ＜ 10 ng/ml,10 ～ 20ng/ml and ＞ 20ng/ml (27.8％ vs.36.1％,50％ vs.56.7％,60％ vs.68％,respectively).Conclusions This study revealed a similar rate of prostate cancer detection between 2-core targeted biopsy guided by TRUS/MR fusion and 12-core random biopsy in different PSA regions for no prior biopsy men.TB maybe tend to detect high proportion of CsPCa.PI-RADS is instructive to select appropriate patients for TB.

AIM:To investigate the change of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) expression during cardiomyocyte apoptosis and to explore the relationship between SCAD and cardiomyocyte apoptosis .METHODS: The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) were used as the model of cardiomyocyte apoptosis . The cell viability , the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels , the activity of SCAD and the content of free fatty acids were determined .RESULTS:The mRNA and protein expression of SCAD decreased in the cardiomyocyte apoptosis model.Compared with negative control group , SCAD expression and activity were both significantly decreased in siRNA-1186 group, but the content of free fatty acids were obviously increased in the cardiomyocytes .Meanwhile, SCAD siRNA treatment triggered the same apoptosis as cardiomyocytes treated with tBHP .CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of SCAD may play an important role in primary cardiomyocyte apoptosis .Increase in the expression of SCAD may become an impor-tant part in intervening cardiomyocyte apoptosis .

Objective To elucidate the function way of micro RNA(miR)-155 in the differentiation of Th17 cells.Methods CD4+T cells were separated from mice spleens using MACS CD4+T cells separatinge kit and cultured with interleukins [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-23 and IL-6] which could induce CD4+ T cells differentiate into Th17 cells.IL-17 was detected by flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after transfected with miR-155 mimics or inhibitor lentiviral vectors.The expression levels of miR-155, IL-17A mRNA and Ets-1 mRNA were detected using fluorescent quantitation real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The si-Ets and miR-155 co-function for Th17 differentiation was analyzed.Data analysis was perfoemed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Dunnett test for pair-wise comparison and t test.P＜0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results The CD4+T cells were divided into four groups (the untreated control untreat group, the treatment control treat group, the miR-155 mimnics group and miR-155 inhibitor group).IL-17 was scarcely expressed and secreted in the untreated control untreat group.The cells expression of IL-17 were significantly different among the four groups (F=160.549, P＜0.01).The cells expressing of IL-17 were higher in the miR-155 mimics group (39.86±4.62)％ than those at the miR-155 inhibitor group (22.02±2.81)％, P＜0.01) and in the treated control treat group [(19.44±1.49)％, P＜0.01].The level of IL-17 was also significantly different among the four groups (F=260.813, P＜0.01).The level of IL-17 was higher in the miR-155 mimics group [(1 509±136) pg/ml] than that in the miR-155 inhibitor group [(923± 42) pg/ml, P＜0.01);and in the treated control group [(767±94) pg/ml, P＜0.01).The expression of miR-155 (12.53±0.80 vs 1.78±0.14, 7.16±0.62, 6.47±0.92, P＜0.01) and IL-17A mRNA (46.55±6.71 vs 1.01±0.19,15.62±1.26, 14.20±2.73, P＜0.01) was significantly higher than that in the other three groups, while the expression of Ets-1 mRNA was significantly lower (0.66±0.10 vs 1.19±0.04, 1.01±0.16, 1.37±0.27, P＜0.01).si-Ets-2 was screened because it markedly inhibited the expression of Ets-1 mRNA among the three designed siRNAs.The expression of IL-17A mRNA was higher (17.19±3.58 vs 10.08±0.76, t=-3.361, P=0.028) and the expression of Ets-1 mRNA was lower (0.27±0.01 vs 0.74±0.03, t=-30.275, P＜0.01) in si-Ets-2 group than that in si-Con group when si-Ets-2 or si-Con was co-transfected with miR-155 mimics or inhibitor lentiviral vectors.The expression of Ets-1 protein was lower in si-Ets-2 group than that in si-Con group by Western blotting and the decrease was markedly obvious in the miR-155 mimics group.Conclusion miR-155 can induce CD4+T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells by inhibiting the gene expression of Ets-1.