BACKGROUND:Wogonin is a flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis.Previous studies have shown that baicalein has protective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,and can also reduce blood sugar and complications in diabetic mice,but its role and mechanism in diabetic cerebral infarction remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of wogonin on nerve injury in rats with diabetic cerebral infarction and its mechanism. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups:control group,model group,low-dose wogonin group,medium-dose wogonin group,high-dose wogonin group,and high-dose wogonin+Ras homolog gene family member A(RhoA)activator group.Except for the control group,the other rats were established with diabetes and cerebral ischemia models using intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and middle cerebral artery occlusion.Low,medium-and high-dose wogonin groups were intragastrically given 10,20,40 mg/kg wogonin,respectively;high-dose wogonin+RhoA activator group was intragastrically given 40 mg/kg wogonin and intraperitoneally injected 10 mg/kg lysophosphatidic acid;control group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline once a day for 7 consecutive days.Rats in each group were evaluated for neurological deficits and their blood glucose levels were measured after the last dose.TTC staining was applied to detect the volume of cerebral infarction.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe pathological changes in brain tissue.ELISA kit was applied to detect tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,malondialdehyde,and superoxide dismutase levels in brain tissue.Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of RhoA and Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK)2 in brain tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the neuronal structure of rats in the model group was severely damaged,with cell necrosis and degeneration,the neurological deficit score,blood glucose level,and infarct volume were significantly elevated(P<0.05),the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and malondialdehyde,and the protein expression of RhoA and ROCK2 in brain tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the superoxide dismutase level was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the low-,medium-,and high-dose wogonin groups showed improved neuronal damage,reduced cell degeneration and necrosis,a significant reduction in neurological deficit score,blood glucose level,infarct volume,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and malondialdehyde,and the protein expression of RhoA and ROCK2 in brain tissue,and an increase in the superoxide dismutase level(P<0.05).Compared with the high-dose wogonin group,the high-dose wogonin+RhoA activator group significantly weakened the improvement in the above indexes of rats with diabetic cerebral infarction(P<0.05).To conclude,wogonin can improve the blood glucose level in rats with diabetic cerebral infarction,reduce cerebral infarction and nerve injury,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Objective:To compare the efficacy between dual stability constructs and modified Scott techniques for treatment of symptomatic spondylolysis in active adolescents.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical date of 64 active adolescents who had been treated for symptomatic spondylolysis at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force from January 2017 to October 2021. There were 59 males and 5 females with an age of (24.9±5.2) years. Responsible vertebral bodies were L 3 in 2 cases, L 4 in 10 cases, L 5 in 47 cases, and L 4 to L 5 in 5 cases; spondylolisthesis was accompanied in 9 cases. Depending on the surgical methods, the patients were divided into a dual stability constructs (pedicle screws and laminar screws) group (observation group, 31 cases) and a modified Scott group (control group, 33 cases). The 2 groups were compared in terms of operative time, bleeding volume, postoperative drainage volume, isthmus healing rate, rate of internal fixation failure, visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and the good and excellent rate by JOA at postoperative 1 month, 3 months, and the last follow-up, and the incidence of complications. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up. The operation time in the observation group [(94.7±14.9) min] was significantly longer than that in the control group [(84.4±16.4) min] ( P=0.011), but there was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding volume or postoperative drainage volume ( P>0.05). The healing rate of bilateral isthmi in the observation group was 93.5% (29/31), significantly higher than that in the control group [60.6% (20/33)], and the rate of internal fixation failure in the observation group (0) was significantly lower than that in the control group (12.1%, 4/33) ( P<0.05). At postoperative 1 month, 3 months, and the last follow-up, the VAS scores were significantly lower than the preoperative value in all patients while the JOA scores significantly higher ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, in the observation group the VAS score [0 (0, 1.0)] was significantly lower than that in the control group [1(0, 2)], and the JOA score [(27.1±1.2) points] and the excellent and good rate by JOA [93.5% (29/31)] were significantly higher than those in the control group [(25.7±2.1) points and 75.8% (25/33)] ( P<0.05). In the control group, follow-ups revealed internal fixation failure in 4 cases due to the cable cutting out of the spinous processes, yielding a failure rate of 12.1%, while no internal fixation failure was observed in the observation group. Conclusions:Both dual stability constructs and modified Scott techniques can relieve the clinical symptoms of spondylolysis in active adolescents to various extents. However, dual stability constructs with pedicle screws and laminar screws may lead to a higher isthmus healing rate and better curative effects.

Irradiation based on accelerator is the main method of radionuclide production. In recent years, with the development of theranostics of nuclear medicine, there is a new demand for the preparation of accelerator radionuclides. In this paper, the nuclides and nuclide pairs of theranostics prepared by accelerators are divided into the three categories: nuclides of theranostics, nuclide pairs of theranostics of same element and different elements. The physical properties and current applications of some nuclides and nuclide pairs are introduced. The problems in the application of accelerator radionuclides preparation in China are analyzed, and the application prospect of the integration of accelerator radionuclides diagnosis and treatment is prospected.

ObjectiveTo understand the cooperative work and mechanism in the corona virus disease 2019 containment action by the support-to-Hebei epidemiological investigation group formed by five provinces， summarize the existing challenges， and discuss the relevant mechanism， so as to provide evidence for future support actions. MethodsA questionnaire survey was used to investigate the members from five provinces of the support-to-Hebei epidemiological investigation team. The content included basic information， work situation， problems in cooperative work， and suggestions in support mechanisms. ResultsA total of 104 questionnaires were issued， of which 101 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective response rate of 97.12%. The proportions of respondents who participated in the epidemic-related data preparation， case investigation， technical training， supervision of key venues， and specimen collection was 93.07%， 85.15%， 81.19%， 65.35%， and 44.55%， respectively. The respondents believed that information sharing channel of local epidemic situation was blocked （95.05%）， coordination mechanism among local departments was insufficient （84.16%）， communication and coordination mechanism among the dispatch institutions， support team， and local departments was unperfect （84.16%）， management of the dispatch institutions to the support team was relatively loose （79.21%）， dispatch institutions failed to make full use of professional advantages of the support team （72.28%）， and majority of the support team members engaged in a single profession （59.41%）. The respondents suggested that local departments should improve the information sharing mechanism （95.05%）， strengthen communication and coordination among the dispatch institutions， support team， and local departments （92.08%）， and dispatch institutions should clarify the tasks and responsibilities of the support team （91.09%）， formulate cross-regional emergency support plans （87.13%） and evaluation plans of support action （72.28%）. ConclusionIn order to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of future support actions， it is necessary to improve the mechanism of emergency coordination， communication and matching， response procedures， team management， and support evaluation.

Objective: To understand the possible transmission route of a family cluster of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou and the potential infectivity of COVID-19 in incubation period, and provide scientific evidence for the timely control of infectious source and curb the spread of the epidemic. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was conducted for a family cluster of COVID-19 (8 cases) with descriptive epidemiological method, and respiratory tract samples of the cases were collected for the nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV by RT-PCR. Results: Two primary cases, which occurred on 31 January and 1 February, 2020, respectively, had a common exposure history in Wuhan. The other six family members had onsets on 30 January, 31 January, 1 February (three cases) and 3 February, 2020. Conclusions In this family cluster of COVID-19, six family members were infected through common family exposure to the 2 primary cases. Five secondary cases had onsets earlier than or on the same day as the primary cases, indicating that COVID-19 is contagious in incubation period, and the home isolation in the early phase of the epidemic might lead to the risk of family cluster of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND:Atlantoaxial fusion is currently the main surgical treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation, but the premise is at the expense of atlantoaxial range of motion, especial y the rotation motion. Restricted non-fusion fixation is a method that can maintain the atlantoaxial stability, while retain the atlantoaxial range of motion. Further research should be performed to compare the biomechanical characteristics between the two methods. OBJECTIVE:To develop a three-dimensional finite element model of atlantoaxial instability, compare and determine the biomechanical properties of posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system and posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation system. METHODS:A verified intact finite element upper cervical (C0-C3) model was established and analyzed by Simpleware 3.0, Geomagic 8.0, Hypermesh 10.0, Abaqus 6.9, and Rhino 4.0 softwares based on the CT data col ected from a 31-year-old healthy male volunteer. The moment couple of 1.5 N?m was loaded, which made the model movement in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and rotating direction, respectively. The range of motion was recorded and compared with the in vitro biomechanical experimental data to verify the effectiveness of the model. The ranges of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model and the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation system model were analyzed using the finite element method under flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation;meanwhile, stress nephograms of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) There were 206 747 elements and 72 500 nodes in the intact model of upper cervical spine (C0-C3) in this experiment, and the range of motion of intact model validated with the reported cadaveric experimental data. (2) The range of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system group was similar to which of the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation system group in flexion-extension direction. (3) In lateral bending direction, the range of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model was obviously limited, respectively. The range of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model was larger than that of the atlantoaxial dislocation model and basical y same as that of the normal atlantoaxial model. (4) As to the rotating direction, the range of motion of the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system mainly disappeared at the atlantoaxial segment;by contrast, a majority of rotating motion was stil retained in the posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system group. (5) The stress concentration occurred in the contact part between the screw and the connecting rod in posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system model. (6) Results suggest that posterior atlantoaxial restricted non-fusion fixation system is effective and useful for atlantoaxial fixation. It not only restricted atlantoaxial flexion-extension, but also preserved axial rotation and lateral bending at the atlantoaxial joint.

Background:Drug-induced liver injury( DILI)is a kind of commonly seen diseases,in which typical clinical manifestations are lacking and misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis are frequently occurred. Aims:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with DILI. Methods:Clinical data of patients with DILI at Zhongshan Hospital,Xiamen University from January 2014 to December 2015 were collected. Clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed and the relationship between clinical characteristics and prognosis was investigated. Results:A total of 51 patients with DILI were enrolled,the ratio of male to female was 1∶ 1. 32,the average age at diagnosis was(50. 6 ± 17. 9)years old,the highest proportion(43. 1% )of patients were aged 60 and older. Hepatocellular damage was the main type of liver injury (84. 3% ). Chinese herbs,cardiovascular drugs,hormone and endocrine drugs were the most common drugs causing DILI, which accounted for 51. 0% ,19. 6% and 9. 8% ,respectively. Concomitant diseases of DILI covered many systems. The clinical manifestation of DILI was atypical,and the laboratory examination also lacked specificity. The positivity rate of autoimmune antibody was 5. 9% . Most patients had good prognosis,and the cure rate and improvement rate were 21. 6%and 66. 7% ,respectively. The mortality rate was 5. 9% with the cause of death being liver failure. Levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),albumin,prothrombin time(PT) and international normalized ratio( INR) at admission were correlated significantly with prognosis( P ﹤ 0. 05 ). Conclusions:DILI commonly occurs in elderly population,and inappropriate use of Chinese herbs maybe the important cause. The clinical manifestation of DILI is not typical,and most patients have good prognosis. Levels of ALT,AST, TBIL,albumin,PT and INR at admission are correlated significantly with prognosis.

Objective To analyze the serum samples of young and middle-aged patients with hypertension of different syndromes and healthy patients by means of metabonomics; To confirm its biomarker; To reveal the nature of phlegm dampness retention syndrome in essential hypertension. Methods The syndrome types of 34 hypertension patients were differentiated into 14 cases of liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome group, 14 cases of phlegm dampness retention syndrome group and 6 cases of yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group. 15 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. 1H-NMR technique combined with partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) method was used to look for the biomarkers. And the levels of UA, TC and TG were recorded. Results The level of UA in phlegm dampness retention syndrome group was significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.05). The level of TC in yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group was higher and had significantly difference with the control group (P<0.05). The level of TG in phlegm dampness retention syndrome group was higher and had significantly difference with control group (P<0.05). The metabonomics study based on the 1H-NMR method could distinguish the phlegm dampness retention syndrome group from the normal control group, liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome group and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group. Compared with the control group, the levels of acetone, VLDL, and LDL were significantly higher and the levels of lactate, serine, glucose, methionine, alanine were significantly lower in phlegm dampness retention syndrome group; compared with the liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome group, levels of citrate, alanine, VLDL, and LDL were significantly higher and the levels of glucose, lysine, glutamate, proline lactate were significantly lower; compared with yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group, the level of creatinine was significantly higher. Conclusion There are lipoprotein metabolism, amino acid metabolism and glucose metabolism disorder in the young and middle-age hypertensive patients with phlegm dampness retention syndrome.

Objective To investigate the infection status of Mycoplasma pirum among male HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu and analyze the risk factors.The genome sequencing of Mycoplasma pirum was completed for the first time.Methods Male HIV infected individuals and AIDS patients confirmed in Jiangsu province were enrolled for 4 repeated cross-sectional studies by means of detecting the first flow urine sample and venous blood sample collected and questionnaire survey after informed consent.Genome sequencing was conducted for Mycoplasma pirum by using Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing platform.Results A total of 1 541 HIV/AIDS patients were surveyed in this study.The infection rates of Mycoplasma pirurm was 15.4％.The patients who received no HAART had higher risk to be infected with Mycoplasma pirum (OR=1.344,95％CI:1.008-1.792).Otherwise,high CD4+T counts was a protective factor for Mycoplasma pirum infection (OR=0.600,95％CI:0.444-0.810).Based on the sequencing result,the genome size of Mycoplasma pirum was 850 704 bp,the GC content was 24.21％ the genome contained 708 genes,the total length of genes was 734 085 bp,the average length was 1 037 bp,accounting for 86.29％ of genome.Conclusion More attention should be paid to the high infection rate of Mycoplasma pirum among male HIV/AIDS patients in the future AIDS prevention and control.The first genome sequencing of standard Mycoplasma pirum strain was completed in this study (registering Serial number:AZHZ00000001),which can provide evidence for the further research of gene function and pathogenic mechanism of Mycoplasma pirum.

Objective To investigate the effect of Kangxin Capsule on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque in rabbits. Methods Forty purebred male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into model group, atorvastatin group, Kangxin Capsule high and low dose groups, and normal control group, 8 rabbit for each group, and were given corresponding administration. Atherosclerosis model was made by intimal injury and high cholesterol diet except for normal control group. After 6 W, aortic vascular pathomorphology were observed, and immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and VCAM-1 in atherosclerotic plaques. Results Compared with model group, the ratio of the thickness of wall to the area of lumina (W/L), average optical density, and the percentage of positive area of Kangxin Capsule groups were less, also, the expression of MMP-2 and VCAM-1 were reduced. The differences were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01), especially in the high-dose group. Conclusion Kangxin Capsule can reduce the expression of MMP-2 and VCAM-1, which is the possible mechanism of stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaque.