Chinese medicinal materials are the basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine,as well as strategic resources related to the national economy and people's livelihood.In 2015,12 departments,including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,jointly formulated the Plan for the Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2015-2020)(hereinafter referred to as the Plan),focusing on seven major construction tasks for the protection and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Through the summary and evaluation of the Plan,it can be seen that the overall development goals and 7 specific indicators have been achieved by 2020.It has been focused on solving the problems of the loss and depletion of some wild Chinese medicinal materials resources and the shortage of Chinese medicinal materials supply.Promoting to alleviate the problems,including the abuse of chemical fertilizers,pesticides,and growth regulators.The extensive production and management of Chinese medicinal materials,as well as the poor exchange of supply and demand information were effectively improved.On the whole,the development and protection of Chinese medicinal materials were promoted.Moreover,the dependence on wild Chinese medicinal materials was reduced through scientific development of Chinese medicinal materials production.And the sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal materials industry was coordinated with the protection of the ecological environment.However,there were still some problems and deficiencies,such as a lack of accurate information guidance,an incomplete price formation mechanism,and an incomplete whole-process traceability system of Chinese medicinal materials.It is suggested that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,we should continuously strengthen the protection and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources,and build a new development pattern for traditional Chinese medicine industry based on the new development concept and requirement.

OBJECTIVE To reveal the role of the basal forebrain(BF)GABAergic neurons in the regulation of isoflurane anesthesia and to elucidate the underlying neural pathways.METHODS The activity of BF GABAer-gic neurons was monitored during isoflurane anesthesia using a genetically encoded calcium indicator in Vgat-Cre mice of both sexes.The activity of BF GABAer-gic neurons was manipulated by chemogenetic and opto-genetic approaches.Sensitivity,induction time and emer-gence time of isoflurane anesthesia were estimated by righting reflex.The electroencephalogram(EEG)power and burst-suppression were monitored by EEG recording.The effects of activation of GABAergic BF-thalamic reticu-lar nucleus(TRN)pathway on isoflurane anesthesia were investigated with optogenetics.RESULTS The activity of BF GABAergic neurons was generally inhibited during isoflurane anesthesia,obviously decreased during the induction of anesthesia and gradually restored during the emergence from anesthesia.Activation of BF GABAergic neurons with chemogenetics and optogenetics promoted behavioral emergence from isoflurane anesthesia,with decreased sensitivity to isoflurane,delayed induction and accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.Optogenetic activation of BF GABAergic neurons prom-oted cortical activity during isoflurane anesthesia,with decreased EEG delta power and burst suppression ratio during 0.8%and 1.4%isoflurane anesthesia,respectively.Similar to the effects of activating BF GABAergic cell bod-ies,photostimulation of BF GABAergic terminals in the TRN also strongly promoted cortical activation and behav-ioral emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.CONCLU-SION The GABAergic neurons in the BF is a key neural substrate for general anesthesia regulation that facilitates behavioral and cortical emergence from general anesthe-sia via the BF-TRN pathway.

Objective:To study the healthcare level (HCL) in China and its influencing factors.Methods:By using the data reported in the China statistical yearbook published by the National Bureau of Statistics and in other public literature, HCL was calculated in terms of the number of population and physicians in the whole country and various provinces. Multiple regression was used to analyze the relationship between HCL and regional population, area, number of administrative divisions and gross domestic product (GDP). Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between healthcare level and medical radiation frequency. Results:Since 2015, Chinese HCL value was lower than 1 000, but there were two provinces with HCL value greater than 1 000 in 2019. Population and GDP were the influencing factors for the HCL, with correlation coefficients of 0.416 and -0.583, respectively. There was a correlation between HCL and medical exposure frequency of Chinese population( r= -0.620, P=0.028). Conclusions:Chinese HCL value was 542 in 2020, but there has been great differences between various provinces. HCL as an indicator of medical exposure assessment needs further research in China.

Objective To obtain the medical exposure frequency data of residents through a questionnaire survey on mobile phone networks in the community, and to analyze the main influencing factors. Methods A snowball sampling method was used to expand the sampling from medical staff in a county hospital to the community. The questionnaire included personal information such as occupation category, type of medical insurance, and education level as well as basic radiation-related knowledge and medical exposure type and frequency of respondents received in 2021. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of medical exposure. Results A total of 223 respondents were investigated, and 12.56% of them received radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy in 2021. The proportion of males receiving medical exposure was significantly higher than that of females (19.64% vs 10.18%). The likelihood of the person receiving medical exposure increased considerably with age, with the proportion of residents receiving medical exposure at 20, 30, 40, and 50 years of age being 6.25%, 7.95%, 19.23%, and 33.33%, respectively. Of persons who received medical exposure, 57.14% underwent CT scans. Persons participating in the new rural cooperative medical system were likely less to receive radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy than urban workers and residents (OR = 0.55, CI:0.13-2.23, P > 0.05). Conclusion Questionnaire survey in the community can obtain more information about the medical exposure of residents, and age and type of medical insurance are important factors affecting the frequency of medical exposure.

The rapid development of medical application of ionizing radiation has seen a range of safety and protection problems that might be of importance. This paper aims to introduce the current situation and existing problems in the public medical exposure, and to propose the relevant suggestions, based on a combination of judgment of medical radiation exposure justification, quality assurance and control of equipment in radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, occupational protection of radiation workers, and health effects on patients undergoing radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy.

Objective:To find clues potentially valuable for fighting against infection with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), the differentially expressed genes in HEp-2 cells infected with HRSV were analyzed.Methods:Gene expression profiles of HEp-2 cells infected with HRSV were collected from the public gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes following HRSV infection at each time point of 4, 8, 12, and 15 hours were found using R language. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction network (PPI). Genes with relatively high protein interaction in PPI were randomly selected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verification at the transcription level from HEp-2 cells after HRSV infection at 4 hours.Results:A total of 101 differentially expressed genes were determined, including 92 upregulated genes and 9 downregulated genes. Function enrichment analysis revealed that HRSV infection could cause significant changes in multiple signaling pathways such as immune response in HEp-2 cells. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the trend of transcriptome data.Conclusions:The differentially expressed genes and the change of signaling pathways in HRSV-infected HEp-2 cells is of great significance to the studies on pathogenic mechanism and prevention of HRSV infection.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and prognostic factors of postoperative intensity modulated radiotherapy for grade Ⅱ gliomas. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with postoperative grade Ⅱ glioma in our hospital from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2018. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, and the secondary endpoint was overall survival. Correlative analyses of prognosis by age, gender, initial resection status, the maximum diameter of the lesions, bi-hemisphere, astrocytoma, chemoradiation, adjuvant chemotherapy were conducted. Results: A total of 109 cases with grade Ⅱ glioma were enrolled. The follow-up rate was 91.75%, including 10 cases dead and 27 relapsed. There were 24 cases (88.9%) of in-field failure, and 3 cases (11.1%) of out-field failure. 14 cases of recurrence occurred in 81 cases of total resection group, accounting for 17.3%, and 13 in 28 cases of subtotal resection group, accounting for 46.4%. The recurrence rate in the subtotal resection group was significantly higher than that in the total resection group (χ ²=9.484, P<0.05). The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 92.5%, 86.0%, 80.6%, 77.5% and 66.8%, respectively. The 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year overall survival rates were 97.2%, 90.8%, 87.7% and 84.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with subtotal resection(HR=3.608, P<0.05) and bi-hemisphere(HR=3.183, P<0.05)were significantly correlated with the progression free survival. Conclusions Postoperative intensity modulated radiotherapy for grade Ⅱ gliomas can achieve a better PFS. Recurrence in the radiation field is the main failure mode. Initial resection status and bi-hemisphere of tumor are important influential factors for PFS of grade Ⅱ gliomas patients.

Objective To find the best model parameters through Monte Carlo simulation of 6 MV flattening-filter-free (FFF) beams in TrueBeam accelerator, and establish the foundation for the further study of the clinical dosimetry on 6 MV FFF X-rays.Methods Using the BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc codes, the percentage depth dose (PDD) and the off-axis ratio (OAR) curves of field ranges from 4 cm ×4 cm to 40 cm × 40 cm were simulated for 6 MV FFF X-ray by adjusting the incident beam energy, radial intensity distribution and angular spread, respectively.The simulation results and measured data were compared, where the optimal Monte Carlo model input parameters were acquired.Results The simulation was most comparable to the measurement when the incident electron energy, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the spread angle were set as 6.1 MeV, 0.75 mm and 0.9°, respectively.The deviation of 1 mm (position)/1％ (local dose) could be met by the PDD of all tested field sizes and by the OAR when the fields sizes were no larger than 30 cm ×30 cm.The OAR of 40 cm ×40 cm field sizes fulfilled criteria of 1 mm (position)/1.5％ (local dose).Conclusions Monte Carlo simulation agrees well with the measurement and the proposed model parameters, which can be used for further clinical dosimetry studies of 6 MV FFF X-rays.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in suspected coronary heart disease patients with electrocardiogram abnormalities but normal coronary angiography. Methods The data of 25 suspected coronary heart disease patients with electrocardiogram abnormalities but normal coronary angiography were collected from Taiyuan central hospital between October 2010 and April 2012. Comparison was done in terms of anterior interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular end diastolic dimension, left ventricular end systolic dimension, left atrial diameterand ejection fraction measured by CMR and by UCG. Correlation of the aboved paremeters between the 2 imaging exams. Results 40%of patients had their diagnosis changed after CMR exam, 32%of the patients with adjusted assessment. The differences in anterior interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular enddiastolic dimension, left ventricular end systolic dimension, left atrial diameter, ejection fraction by CMR and by UCG were similar (P>0.05) with positive correlation (P<0.01). Conclusions CMR can provide diagnosis and evaluation information to chest pain patients with ECG abnormalities but normal CAG, and it is a good supplement for routine examination.

Objective To compare the dosimetric difference between jaw tracking technique (JTT) and static jaw technique (SJT) in dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer patients.Methods Jaw tracking and static jaw were used to develope the intensity-modulated plans for 10 patients respectively.For all the patients,the dose to surrounding tissues was minimized as low as possible,the 95％ volume of the planning target volume (PTV) and planning gross target volume (PGTV) satisfy the prescribed dose.The doses of the planning target volumes,organs at risk and normal tissue were detected by dose-volume histogram.Two groups of treatment plan dose were verified by ionization chamber array 2D-Array 729 and OCTAVIUS (PTW) phantom.Results The treatment plans of two groups could satisfy the clinical requirements.There was no significant difference between the maximum and the mean dose of target.The volumes of jaw tracking dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy were lower,including the V5,V10,V20,V30,V40 (volumes receiving 5,10,20,30 and 40 Gy,respectively),mean dose(D) for body and V10,V20,V30,D for bilateral femoral head,bladder,and small intestine.There was significant difference for the results (t =-2.32-12.24,P ＜0.05).The verification results showed that the treatment plans were all passed the dosimetric verification.Conclusions Jaw tracking intensity-modulated radiotherapy and jaw fixed IMRT plan could achieve equal dose coverage in patients with rectal cancer,while jaw tracking techniques could reduce normal tissue dose and organs at risk dose.