Objective To evaluate the application of three deep learning algorithms in automatic segmentation of clinical target volumes (CTVs) in high-dose-rate brachytherapy after surgery for endometrial carcinoma. Methods A dataset comprising computed tomography scans from 306 post-surgery patients with endometrial carcinoma was divided into three subsets: 246 cases for training, 30 cases for validation, and 30 cases for testing. Three deep convolutional neural network models, 3D U-Net, 3D Res U-Net, and V-Net, were compared for CTV segmentation. Several commonly used quantitative metrics were employed, i.e., Dice similarity coefficient, Hausdorff distance, 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance, and Intersection over Union. Results During the testing phase, CTV segmentation with 3D U-Net, 3D Res U-Net, and V-Net showed a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.90 ± 0.07, 0.95 ± 0.06, and 0.95 ± 0.06, a mean Hausdorff distance of 2.51 ± 1.70, 0.96 ± 1.01, and 0.98 ± 0.95 mm, a mean 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance of 1.33 ± 1.02, 0.65 ± 0.91, and 0.40 ± 0.72 mm, and a mean Intersection over Union of 0.85 ± 0.11, 0.91 ± 0.09, and 0.92 ± 0.09, respectively. Segmentation based on V-Net was similarly to that performed by experienced radiation oncologists. The CTV segmentation time was < 3.2 s, which could save the work time of clinicians. Conclusion V-Net is better than other models in CTV segmentation as indicated by quantitative metrics and clinician assessment. Additionally, the method is highly consistent with the ground truth, reducing inter-doctor variability and treatment time.

Objective We aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of precise electro-acupuncture stimulation in the pterygopalatine fossa for the treatment of chronic sinusitis.Methods In total,40 patients with chronic sinusitis who visited the Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences between January 2022 and January 2023 were selected.The subjects were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group(receiving precise electro-acupuncture in the pterygopalatine fossa)and the control group(receiving standard western medical treatment),with 20 cases in each groups.The treatments were administered twice a week for a period of 12 weeks.The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated through computed tomography(CT)of the sinus changes and the Lund-Mackay scoring system.Results In cases of total opacity and partial opacity,there were significant differences between the two patient groups before and after treatment(P<0.05).Intra-group comparison revealed statistically significant improvements in both groups before and after treatment(P<0.05).The treatment group exhibited significant improvement in various sinus conditions(P<0.05),while in the control group,a significant improvement was only observed in the left maxillary sinus(P<0.05).Inter-group comparison also demonstrated that the treatment group's improvements were superior to those of the control group across multiple indicators(P<0.05).Conclusion The precise electro-acupuncture stimulation technique in the pterygopalatine fossa demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of chronic sinusitis,with superior outcomes with respect to radiological changes compared to standard western medicine treatment.

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated(HCN)channels are widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems.They can generate hyperpolarization-activated current(Ih)that regulates the resting membrane potential and excitability of neurons.Furthermore,it can affect the precise processing and con-duction of hearing,which plays a crucial role in the accurate analysis of temporal information.Therefore,through the review of HCN channel structure and distribution,as well as electrophysiological effects,the role and mecha-nism of HCN channels in the auditory pathways of the normal and unilateral or bilateral deafness patients will be fur-ther investigated.

Objective To study the relationship between the cognitive function and speech recognition ability in young patients with OSAHS.Methods We selected 60 young male patients,according to the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)and the severity of hypoxemia.They were divided into three subgroups on the basis of their syndrome severities:mild group (n= 19;AHI 5~15/h,85%≤minimum SaO2≤90%),moderate group (n= 20;AHI>15~30/h,80%≤minimum SaO2<85%),and severe group (n= 21;AHI>30/h,minimum SaO2<80%).First,we used the MoCA scale for cognitive function tests and recorded the scores.Then 15 lists of sentence Mandarin Speech Test Materials(MSTMs)were utilized to test each group.A data analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results The total MoCA scores(mild group:27.32±1.16;moderate group:25.85±1.23;severe group:24.52± 1.69;control group:28.52 ±1.16)decreased progressively as the disease severity increased,showing significant differences between the control group and the mild,moderate and severe groups of OSAHS patients (allP<0.05). When sound stimuli were presented at 22,24,and 26 dB SPL,the speech recognition rates in the patients with se-vere(35.4±22.6,56.3±23.9,75.2±16.5)lower than the other groups (mild group:38.4±23.5,58.3±25.5,79.2 ±18.5;moderate group:38.8±21.6,58.7±22.7,78.5±16.7;control group:39.4±23.5,60.3±24.3,80.2±16.4, respectively,allP<0.05).The differences in intensity of 50% recognition rate between the severe group(4.15± 0.80)and the control(3.62±0.41),mild (3.66±0.50)and moderate groups(3.72±0.55)of OSAHS patients were statistically significant(allP<0.05).Conclusion With hypoxia and disease severity increased,speech recogni-tion abilities in OSAHS patients decreased.This may be an important factor associated with cognitive assessment scale score.

In patients with single-sided deafness (SSD), the interaural time difference and the interaural level difference signals are insufficient or missing, which result in the lack of sound localization ability and the decrease of speech comprehension in the noise environments. SSD can also cause the morphological and functional changes of the central auditory system, resulting in auditory deprivation. In early stage of the development, the auditory center is more susceptible to ambient environment and auditory inputs. It is a critical period of auditory function and morphological refinement. It is also sensitive period of central adaptability after auditory deprivation. SSD in the sensitive period of development can cause significant laterality activities of bilateral sound localization pathway. Unilateral auditory deprivation can distort tonotopic maps, disrupt the binaural integration, reorganize the neural network and change the synaptic transmission in the primary auditory cortex or sub cortex. In order to compensate for the deficiency of the interaural time difference and interaural level difference cues, the auditory pathway is used to improve the ability of sound source localization by using the spectral-shape cues remaining unchanged. In order to improve the effectiveness of the functional areas of the cortex, auditory center is also reorganized by cross-modal. However, central compensation after SSD is a double-edged sword. If SSD onset in the sensitive period, the laterality of auditory pathway will be continued and difficult to reverse by even long term bilateral hearing in the post-sensitive period. Therefore, in order to improve the understanding of the characteristics of unilateral auditory deprivation, this paper reviewed the evidence for adaptive changes in spatial hearing following a developmental hearing loss in one ear.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of modified test system for sound localization (SL) in children. Methods: Modified system (6 male, 9 female) and traditional method ( 5 male, 5 female) were used for evaluation of minimum audible angle(MAA) and root-mean-square error(RMS) error of 4 to 6 years old children, and the results were compared to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the modified test system for children sound localization.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data(t test). Results: (1) Comparison of veracity of modified system and traditional test: when tested at the positive front position using modified system, MAA and RMS error were(3.23±1.00)° and (13.68±5.18)° respectively.When using traditional method, MAA and RMS error were(3.17±0.59)°and (13.96±4.56)° respectively. No statistical differences were found between two groups(t value was 0.16, -0.14, both P>0.05). (2) Comparison of time used were as followed: when using modified system, it was (14.67±1.95) min for MAA, and (6.67±1.35) min for RMS error. When using traditional method, it was (36.30±6.81) min for MAA, and (21.00±3.50) min for RMS error. Time used were significant shorter in modified system than in traditional method (t value was-9.78, -12.37, both P<0.05). Conclusion Modified test system for children sound localization is useful and reliable in children′s horizontal SL test.The time used of modified test system is shorter than that of traditional test system.

Objective To investigate the correlation between reproductive hormone concentration and the amplitude and latency of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) in young adults, and to explore the effects of reproductive hormone on the speech processing ability of young people.Methods Speech-ABR of thirty five normal hearing young adults, including seventeen females (27.29±1.83 years old) and eighteen males (28.17±2.50 years old) were recorded.The speech syllable /da/ was transmitted as a stimulus sound to the right ears through insert earphones in speech-ABR test.All participants had air conduction hearing thresholds of 20 dB HL or better across the standard audiometric frequencies (250~8 000 Hz) in both ears, and click-ABRs were also within normal limits.At the same time, the concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the serum were examined.Results ① Females had a shorter latency than males in transient responses (waves V, A and O) and sustained responses (waves D, E and F) of speech-ABR (P<0.05, respectively).The amplitude of transient response (waves V and A) and sustained response (waves D, E and F) in females was also significantly larger than that in males (P<0.05, respectively), except for amplitude of peak O (P>0.05).The V/A slope in females was significantly steeper than that in males (P<0.05).② Estradiol levels in females (118.77±102.66 pg/ml) were significantly higher than that in males (52.91±14.77 pg/ml) (P<0.05), and the total testosterone concentration in females (457.65±140.82 pg/ml) was significantly lower than that in males (3 677.37±1 155.80 pg/ml) (P<0.05).③ A correlation analysis between speech-ABR and estradiol or total testosterone showed that all peak latencies of speech-ABR in transient responses (waves V, A and O) and sustained responses (waves D, E and F) were negatively correlated with the estradiol concentration (P<0.05 respectively), in which the correlation coefficient was between 0.2~0.4.All peak latencies of speech-ABR were positively correlated with the total testosterone concentration (P<0.05 respectively), in which the correlation coefficient was between 0.4~0.7.④ The amplitudes of speech-ABR increased with estradiol concentration growing, the wave V and estradiol concentrations were positively correlated (P<0.05).The estradiol concentrations showed a significant negative correlation with wave A, D, E, F and O wave (P<0.05 respectively), with a correlation coefficient between 0.2~0.7.On the contrary, the amplitudes of speech-ABR decreased with the increasing of total testosterone concentration, and the wave V, wave A, V/A slope and total testosterone concentration were moderately correlated (P<0.05),with a correlation coefficient between 0.4-0.6.The correlation between the amplitudes of D wave and total testosterone concentration was not statistically significant (P>0.05), and the correlation between wave E and wave F and total testosterone concentration was weakly correlated (P<0.05).In addition, the amplitudes of the wave O were also independent with testosterone levels (r=0.133, P>0.05).Conclusion There are correlations between the level of reproductive hormone and the amplitude and latency of speech-ABR.It is one of the reasons for the gender difference in the brainstem speech coding ability of normal young adult.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of IL-6,S100β,NT-3 and the cognitive functions in first-episode schizophrenia characterized by positive or negative symptoms.Methods44 first-episode schizophrenic patients characterized by positive symptoms (positive group),36 first-episode schizophrenic patients characterized by negative symptoms (negative group) and 50 healthy controls (controls) were collected.The serum levels of IL-6,S100β and NT-3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The systematic evaluation tool-MCCB was applied to assess cognitive function in patients and controls.ResultsNT-3 serum levels in positive or negative groups were lower than those in controls and the differences were significant((118.39±37.50) ng/L,(112.55±32.29) ng/L vs (141.18±29.67) ng/L) (P<0.01).IL-6 and S100β serum levels in positive or negative groups were higher than those in controls and the differences were statistically significant((5.74±1.00)ng/L,(5.07±1.17)ng/L vs (4.23±0.91)ng/L),((132.98±46.71)ng/L,(124.99±43.14)ng/L vs (103.63±31.57)ng/L)(P<0.01).IL-6 serum levels in the positive group ((5.07±1.17)ng/L) were lower than those in the negative group ((5.74±0.99)ng/L) and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).In MCCB test,the TMT scores in patients characterize by positive symptoms or patients characterize by negative symptoms were higher than those in healthy control group (P<0.01).BACS SC,HVLT-R WMS-Ⅲ,SS,NAB,BVMT-R,CF in patients characterize by positive symptoms or by negative symptoms were lower than those in healthy control group(P<0.01).There were no statistical difference in the MCCB scores between the patients with positive symptoms and negative symptoms.In positive group,there was a positive correlation between the IL-6 serum concentration and the general symptom scores in PANSS (P<0.05).In positive group,NT-3 serum concentration was positively correlated with the general symptom scores or total scores of PANSS (P<0.05).BVMT-R scores in MCCB were also positively correlated with IL-6 or NT-3 serum concentration in positive group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe impairment of part of cognitive functions for schizophrenic patients may be related to the serum protein factors.There may be different in pathophysiology between the first-episode schizophrenic patients characterized by positive symptoms and those characterized by negative symptoms.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to clarify whether the fusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with tumor cells can promote tumor angiogensis.

METHODSHuman glioma stem/progenitor cells (GSPCs) (SU3 cells) were transfected with red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were harvested from nude mice with whole-body green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene expression. Then the two kinds of cells were co-cultured in vitro. At the same time SU3-RFP was transplanted into the brain of GFP-expressing nude mice to establish xenograft tumors. The co-cultured cells, GFP/RFP double positive (yellow) cells and blood vessels obtained from the xenograft tumors were observed under fluorescent microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope.

RESULTSAfter five passages in vitro, MSCs maintained the proliferative activity and highly expressed CD105. CD105 was also expressed in the femurs of GFP-expressing nude mice, tumor cells, blood vessels of SU3 xenograft tumors, and clinical malignant gliomas. When MSCs were co-cultured with SU3-RFP, the ratio of yellow cells co-expressing RFP and GFP was significantly increased after extended time and continuous passages. According to the flow cytometry, yellow cells co-expressing RFP and GFP were 83.7% of the cultured cells. In tissue slices of the xenograft tumors, bundles of yellow vessel-like structure and cross-sectioned yellow vascular wall structures including vascular wall stroma cells were observed with RFP and GFP expression, and were identified as de novo formed vessels derived from fusion of MSCs with SU3-RFP cells.

CONCLUSIONCell fusion occurs between tumor cells and host MSCs and it promotes tumor angiogenesis.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Cell Communication ; Cell Fusion ; Cells, Cultured ; Glioma ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Neoplasms ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Stem Cells ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Objective To establish a new congenic inbred mouse strain carrying and expressing EGFP and Foxn1nugene for cancer research including human glioma as well .Methods According to criterion of GB14923-2010, the male Foxn1nu nude mice backcross the female C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP) transgenic mice for 10 times, Then identify the phenotype using the methods and equipment as below: fluorescent flashlight and matching glasses; multifunction vivo imager; fluorescence microscopy.Results The congenic inbred mouse strain named Foxn1nu.B6-CAG-EGFP/SU ( Soochow University ) .All the 14 biochemical loci are homozygous and same with Balb/c mouse in addition to the Pep3 loci (“b” type instead of “a” type).Peripheral blood lymphocyte count shows the lymphocytes occupy 15%of nucleated cells;T lymphocytes occupy 0.3%, meet the requirement of inbred strain of EGFP nude mice .Conclusions Established a new congenic inbred strain -Foxn1nu.B6-CAG-EGFP/SU which both express EGFP stably, and own immunodeficiency with lack of T lymphocytes .The phenotype “b” of biochemical loci “Pep3” is the unique characteristic that distinguish SU to Foxn1nu.