Humans ; Adolescent ; Acne Vulgaris/therapy* ; Skin Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Cognition ; China ; Skin

Abstract: Objective To explore the dynamic characteristics of stigmatization in HIV/AIDS patients and provide scientific evidence for psychological care. Methods HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment in Nanning Fourth People's Hospital were randomly selected for baseline and 1 year follow-up questionnaire survey including internalized HIV stigma, anticipated HIV stigma, exposure to HIV stigma. The differences between the two groups at different time points were dynamically compared to analyze the changing characteristics of stigma in HIV/AIDS patients. Results After one year of ART treatment, among the eight items of internalizing stigma, five items including the proportion of feeling ashamed of being infected with HIV/AIDS, feeling unclean because of being infected with HIV/AIDS, feeling inferior to others because of having HIV/AIDS, feeling guilty because of having HIV/AIDS, and having a poorer self-perception due to how others view HIV/AIDS decreased significantly from 34.0% to 43.5% at the baseline to 19.5% to 29.5%, showing significant improvement with statistical significance (χ2=18.586, 14.277, 10.473, 12.219, 9.934, P<0.05); among the nine items of anticipated stigma, four items including the proportion of community/community workers not taking my needs seriously, discriminating against me, refusing to provide services for me, and healthcare workers avoiding contact with me decreased significantly from 16.0% to 27.5% at the baseline to 7.0% to 15.5%, respectively, showing significant improvement with statistical significance (χ2=13.690, 15.787, 12.034, 12.593, P<0.05); among the 16 items of exposure to HIV stigma, six items including the proportion of experiencing physical attacks, psychological pressure from spouses/partners, being refused sexual relationships, losing jobs or other economic sources, being rejected or losing a job opportunity due to HIV/AIDS, changing job nature due to HIV/AIDS, or being refused medical services decreased significantly from 2.5% to 15.0% at the baseline to 1.0% to 8.0%, respectively, showing significant improvement with statistical significance (χ2=8.619, 15.558, 6.061, 9.049, 5.432, 8.156, P<0.05). Physical assaults on people with HIV/AIDS increased by 5.5 percent(χ2=5.368, P<0.05). Conclusions Through 1-year dynamic monitoring, 48.48% of the three dimensions of stigma of HIV/AIDS patients were alleviated. Treatment intervention, self-acceptance and the creation of a good non-discriminatory social environment have an important impact on the stigma of HIV/AIDS patients and deserve the attention of society as a whole.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of renal resistive index (RRI) joint with semiquantitative power Doppler ultrasound (PDU) score to acute kidney injury (AKI) in non-septic critically ill patients.Methods:This prospective observational study enrolled non-septic critically ill patients admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2018 to August 2019. In addition to general data, RRI and PDU scores were measured with medical ultrasonic instrument within 6 h after admission. Renal function was assessed on the 5th day in accordance with kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. The patients who progressed to AKI stage 3 within 5 days after admission were classified into the AKI 3 group, and the rest were classified into the AKI 0-2 group. The difference of each index was compared between the two groups in non-septic critically ill patients and patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Normal distributed continuous variables were compared using independent sample t-tests, whereas Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine the differences in variables without a normal distribution. Categorical data were compared with the Chi-square test. Receiver operator characteristic curves were plotted to examine the values of RRI, PDU score, RRI-RDU/10 (subtraction of RRI and 1/10 of PDU score), RRI/PDU (the ratio of RRI to PDU score), and RRI+PDU (the prediction probability of the combination of RRI and PDU score for AKI stage 3 obtained by logistic regression analysis) in predicting AKI 3. Delong's test was used to compare the area under the curve (AUC) between predictors. Results:A total of 110 non-septic critically ill patients (51 patients with no AKI, 21 with AKI stage 1, 11 with AKI stage 2, and 27 with AKI stage 3) were recruited. Among them, there were 63 patients with AHF (21 patients with no AKI, 15 with AKI stage 1, 7 with AKI stage 2, and 20 with AKI stage 3). Among the non-septic critically ill patients as well as its subgroup of AHF, compared with the AKI 0-2 group, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-Ⅱ score, sequential organ failure assessment score, arterial lactate concentration, mechanical ventilation rate, proportion of vasoactive drugs, 28-day mortality, serum creatinine, RRI, RRI-RDU/10, RRI/PDU, RRI+PDU, and rate of continuous renal replacement therapy were higher in the AKI 3 group, and urine output and PDU score were lower ( all P<0.05). As for non-septic critically ill patients, RRI/PDU [AUC=0.915, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.846-0.959, P<0.01] and RRI+PDU (AUC=0.914, 95% CI: 0.845-0.959, P<0.01) performed best in predicting AKI 3, and the AUCs were higher than RRI (AUC=0.804, 95% CI: 0.718-0.874, P<0.01) and PDU score (AUC=0.868, 95% CI: 0.791-0.925, P<0.01). The optimal cutoff for RRI/PDU was > 0.355 (sensitivity 92.6%, specificity 81.9%, Youden index 0.745). The predictive value of RRI-RDU/10 for AKI 3 (AUC=0.899, 95% CI: 0.827-0.948, P<0.01) was also better than RRI and PDU scores, but slightly worse than RRI/PDU and RRI+PDU, with statistically difference only between RRI and RRI-RDU/10 ( P<0.05). As for patients with AHF, RRI/PDU (AUC=0.962, 95% CI: 0.880-0.994, P<0.01) and RRI+PDU (AUC=0.962, 95% CI: 0.880-0.994, P<0.01) also performed best in predicting AKI 3, and the AUCs were higher than RRI (AUC=0.845, 95% CI: 0.731-0.924, P<0.01) and PDU score (AUC=0.913, 95% CI: 0.814-0.969, P<0.01) with statistically differences (all P<0.05). The optimal cutoff for RRI/PDU was > 0.360 (sensitivity 95.0%, specificity 90.7%, Youden index 0.857). The predictive value of RRI-RDU/10 for AKI 3 (AUC=0.950, 95% CI: 0.864-0.989, P<0.01) was also better than RRI and PDU score, but slightly worse than RRI/PDU and RRI+PDU, with statistically difference only between RRI and RRI-RDU/10 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The combination of RRI and PDU score could effectively predict AKI 3 in non-septic critically ill patients, especially in patients with AHF. The ratio of RRI to PDU score is recommended for clinical application because of its excellent predictive value for AKI and its practicability.

The differential diagnosis between pancreatic inflammatory mass and pancreatic cancer is difficult and is a challenge in clinical work. At present, a variety of CT and MRI imaging techniques have been applied in the differential diagnosis between these two conditions. This article reviews the progress in this aspect, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, to provide reference for clinical application.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic accuracy of bedside ultrasound measurement of limb skeletal muscle thickness for intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted. Patients receiving mechanical ventilation admitted to the emergency ICU of Cangzhou Central Hospital from June 2018 to March 2020 were enrolled. The demographic data were collected. Medical Research Council (MRC) score was used to assess muscle strength and to determine the presence of ICU-AW once the patients were awake. The thicknesses of biceps brachii (BB), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior (TA) were measured by bedside ultrasound. The difference of each index was compared between the patients in ICU-AW group and in non-ICU-AW group. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to examine the values of the thicknesses of these four muscles in diagnosing ICU-AW.Results:Forty-one patients receiving mechanical ventilation (15 patients with ICU-AW, 26 patients without ICU-AW) were recruited. Compared with the non-ICU-AW group, the MRC score, the thicknesses of FCR, RF and TA were lower in the ICU-AW group [MRC score: 36 (30, 40) vs. 60 (56, 60), FCR (cm): 1.09±0.19 vs. 1.30±0.28, RF (cm): 1.57±0.58 vs. 2.23±0.58, TA (cm): 1.76±0.33 vs. 2.21±0.43, all P < 0.05], and the length of ICU stay was longer [days: 15 (9, 26) vs. 10 (4, 12), P < 0.05]. Although the thickness of BB was also lower in the ICU-AW group, there was no statistical difference between the two groups (cm: 2.45±0.57 vs. 2.70±0.61, P = 0.205). ROC curve showed that the thicknesses of FCR, RF and TA had diagnostic values for ICU-AW [area under ROC curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.742 (0.582-0.866), 0.787 (0.631-0.899), 0.817 (0.665-0.920), respectively, all P < 0.01]. The thicknesses of BB couldn't diagnose ICU-AW (AUC = 0.597, 95% CI was 0.433-0.747, P = 0.296). Conclusion:The thicknesses of FCR, RF and TA measured by bedside ultrasound in patients with mechanical ventilation had diagnostic values for ICU-AW, while the thickness of BB could not diagnose ICU-AW.

Objective:To investigate the long-term effects of metabolically healthy obesity on the risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease events, and its mortality over a 23-year follow-up.Methods:Based on the results of an oral glucose tolerance test, there were 519 participants with normal glucose tolerance and 630 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes enrolled in 1986 and then given to assess the long-term clinical outcomes during the 23-year follow-up in Daqing. Metabolically healthy obesity was defined as the overweight and obese individuals with no metabolic abnormalities (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia). Finally, we identified 682 participants (350 with normal glucose tolerance and 332 with newly diagnosed diabetes). They were divided into five groups: 211 individuals with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW group), 58 with metabolically healthy overweight and obesity (MHO group), 81, 109, 223 were metabolically unhealthy overweight and obesity with hypertension (MUHO group), type 2 diabetes (MUDO group), hypertension and diabetes (MUHDO group). Incidences of type 2 diabetes, morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease were compared among these groups.Results:Over 23 years, instead of the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, the incidence of type 2 diabetes in MHO group was two times higher than in MHNW group ( 24.1%, 12.5/1 000 person years vs 10.9%, 5.2/1 000 person years, P=0.01), with an age, sex, and smoking history-adjusted hazard ratio ( HR) of 2.42 (95% CI 1.24-4.74, P=0.01). The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease in the groups of overweight and obesity with metabolically unhealthy were higher than in MHNW group, and increased across the subjects with MUHO, MUDO, MUHDO ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight participants, the metabolically healthy obese group was at increased risk of type 2 diabetes but not cardiovascular disease events and its mortality. On the contrary, the overweight and obese groups with metabolic abnormalities had significant higher incidence of type 2 diabetes, morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of perioperative complications of laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy and influence of body shape on the short-term therapeutic effects.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 506 patients (328 males and 178 females,average age 60 years with the range of 24-85 years) who underwent laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy+D2 lymph nodes dissection in the 8 clinical centers between March 2016 and November 2018 were collected,including 143 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,66 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University,66 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,64 in the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University,54 in the Affiliated Hangzhou First people's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,48 in the Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,35 in the Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University,30 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College.The maximum thickness of subcutaneous fat at the level of umbilicus (USCF),the maximum vertical distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the umbilicus (UAPD),the maximum horizontal distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the umbilicus (UTD),the maximum verticaldistance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the xiphoid bone (XAPD),the maximum horizontal distance between the.anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the xiphoid bone (XTD),the distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the root of celiac artery (CAD) and the maximum horizontal distance at a right angle to CAD (CATD) were measured using preoperative imaging examinations.Observation indicators:(1) intraoperative and postoperative situations;(2) follow-up situations;(3) risk factors analysis of perioperative complications;(4) influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery:① Pearson univariate correlation analysis,② liner regression model analysis.Followup using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the postoperative survival and tumor recurrence or metastasis up to December 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Comparisons of ordinal data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test.Risk factors of perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were analyzed by Logistic regression model.Influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery was analyzed by Pearson univariate correlation analysis and liner regression model.Results (1) Intraoperative and postoperative situations:all the 506 patients underwent successful laparoscopic distal gastrectomy,including 103 with Billroth Ⅰ anastomosis,140 with Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis,201 with Billroth Ⅱ + Braun anastomosis,62 with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph nodes dissected,time to postoperative anal exsufflation,time for initial fluid diet intake,time for initial semi-fluid diet intake and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (233±44)minutes,(102±86)mL,34±13,(3.6±1.5)days,(5.8±3.3)days,(8.3±3.8)days,(12.2±5.7)days respectively in the 506 patients.Of 506 patients,196 were defined as pathological stage Ⅰ,122 were defined as pathological stage Ⅱ and 188 were defined as pathological stage Ⅲ postoperatively.Of 506 patients,93 had 106 times of perioperative complications,including 33 times of pulmonary and upper respiratory infection,12 times of incisional infection,11 times of anastomotic leakage,11 times of abdominal infection,8 times of intestinal obstruction,8 times of gastroplegia,6 times of abdominal hemorrhage,5 times of bacteremia,3 times of anastomotic hemorrhage,3 times of lymph fluid leakage,2 times of pancreatic leakage,1 time of urinary infection,1 time of anatomotic stenosis,1 time of deep venous thrombosis and 1 time of pulmonary embolism;the same patient can merge multiple complications.Eleven patients were in the Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ Ⅲ.(2) Follow-up situations:465 of 506 patients were followed up for 1-32 months with a median time of 12 months.During the follow-up,451 had postoperative survival and 38 had tumor recurrence or metastasis.(3) Risk factors analysis of perioperative complications.① Results of univariate analysis showed that age,body mass index (BMI),preoperative hemoglobin,preoperative serum albumin and XAPD were related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (x2 =10.289,7.427,5.269,5.481,4.285,P＜ 0.05).② Results of multivariate analysis showed that age,BMI,preoperative serum albumin were independent related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (odds ratio =1.033,1.118,0.937,95％ interval confidence:1.011-1.057,1.025-1.219,0.887-0.990,P＜0.05).(4) Influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery.① Results of Pearson univariate correlation analysis showed correlations between UAPD,XAPD,CAD,CATD and volume of intraoperative blood loss (r=0.107,0.169,0.179,0.106,P＜0.05),between UAPD,XAPD,CAD and the number of lymph nodes dissected (r=-0.137,-0.143,-0.173,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD and time to postoperative anal exsufflation (r =0.122,0.109,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD,CAD and time for initial fluid diet intake (r=0.132,0.108,0.132,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD and duration of postoperative hospital stay (r=0.116,0.100,P＜0.05).② Results of liner regression model analysis showed a positive correlation between CAD and volume of intraoperative blood loss (r =6.776),a negative correlation between CAD and the number of lymph nodes dissected (r =-0.841),with statistically significant differences (t =2.410,-1.992,P＜ 0.05);a positive correlation between USCF and time to postoperative anal exsufflation (r=0.170),between USCF and time for initial fluid diet intake (r=0.365),between USCF and duration of postoperative hospital stay (r=0.636) respectively,with statisticallysignificant differences (t =2.188,1.981,2.107,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Abdominal shape can influence intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy,but cannot increase risks ofperioperative complications.Age,BMI and preoperative serum albumin are independent related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.

Objective To explore the influence of lifestyle intervention on long-term diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) returned to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) within 6 years.Methods A total of 577 subjects (aged 25-74 years old) with IGT in Daqing were enrolled and randomly assigned to control,and diet,exercise and diet plus exercise groups in a six-year intervention trial in 1986.Subjects who were non-diabetic at the end of the intervention were followed up for additional 14 years.Results Among all the subjects,41.38％ of them who had returned to NGT from IGT within 6 years maintained NGT status after 20 years,and had a lower incidence of diabetes than subjects maintained IGT status (46.55％ vs.75.25％).Of note,in the intervention group,the percentage of participants developed diabetes in the NGT subjects was significantly lower than that in the IGT group (43.71％ vs.76.25％) after 20 years.There was high long-term risk for diabetes in the IGT subjects after the adjustment of age,sex and baseline glucose (HR=1.81,95％CI 1.27-2.58,P=0.001),whereas in the non-intervention group,no significant difference could be viewed in long-term diabetic risk between subjects maintained IGT status and those returned to NGT (71.43％ vs.65.22％) after adjusting of the same confounders (HR=1.03,95％CI 0.45-2.35,P=0.94).Conclusions IGT subjects who had returned to NGT in early years had lower risk for future diabetes than those who remained IGT.However,this beneficial effect could only be viewed in the intervention group,but not in the non-intervention group.

As the core of cellular immunotherapy, T cells are important aspects of research and treatment of lung cancer. IL-6 is a costimulatory signal factor of T cells that is directly targeted by lung cancer stem cells. As a highly expressed cytokine in lung cancer cells, IL-6 plays an important role in variety of biological activities such as tumor occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis. This article reviews the research progress on IL-6 in lung cancer, including cancer development and progression, and the therapeutic sensitivity of lung cancer.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Research ; trends ; T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of a stabilization device for maintaining the balance of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performer during ambulance transportation on quality of CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed. 167 OHCA patients with cardiac arrest (CA) time < 10 minutes admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from October 2014 to January 2017 were enrolled, and divided into armed stabilization device group (n = 86) and unarmed stabilization device group (n = 81) by random number table. Restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, 24-hour survival rate and survival rate of discharge were evaluated.Results Compared with unarmed stabilization device group, ROSC rate (29.1％ vs. 9.9％,χ2 = 9.691,P = 0.002), 24-hour survival rate (20.9％ vs. 6.2％,χ2 = 7.649,P = 0.006) and survival rate of discharge (12.8％ vs. 3.7％,χ2 = 4.485,P = 0.035) were significant increased in armed stabilization device group. Conclusion CPR with stabilization device during ambulance transport could effectively ensure quality of CPR and improve prognosis in OHCA.Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-14005337.