Osteogenesis imperfecta（OI）is a hereditary connective tissue disease，and roughly 85% of the patients are caused by heterozygous mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2，the coding genes of type Ⅰcollagen. Primary symptomatic manifestations of OI are low bone mass，frequent fractures and skeletal deformity，and other symptoms include blue sclera，dentinogenesis imperfecta，hyperlaxity of joint and ligaments，short stature and hearing impairment. Some patients may have muscle weakness，obesity and other symptoms，and the systemic low-grade inflammation and changes in bone microenvironment caused by obesity may have more negative effects on OI bones. The occurrence of obesity in OI patients may be related to energy metabolism abnormalities caused by multiple factors such as reduced activity，abnormal muscle fat metabolism，and diverse genotypes. Currently，there is a lack of large sample data on the incidence of obesity，and exploring the mechanism of skeletal-muscle interaction and energy metabolism regulation is of great significance for OI related obesity prevention and treatment.

It has been proposed by Basic Questions On Proper Therapies for Different Diseases Geographically （《素问·异法方宜论篇》） that "wei （痿） diseases should be treated by Daoyin （导引）". Furthermore， it is clarified that the indications of Daoyin are those conditions related to spleen and dampness caused by dampness pathogen， excessive food intake and less exercise， and mainly manifested as heavy limbs， fatigue and flaccidity， which is similar to the metabolic imbalance in the early stage of glucose or lipid metabolism disorder in modern medicine. Based on modern clinical and basic research evidence， Daoyin can inhibit the response of inflammation， alleviate oxidative stress， regulate intestinal microbiota， and modulate gene expression to improve metabolic abnormalities， and this will provide ideas for researches on the indications of Daoyin.

【Objective】 To examine risk factors for acute pancreatitis (AP) in individuals with chronic alcohol consumption habits. 【Methods】 The study incorporated participants from the initial survey (2006-2010) and subsequent follow-ups (2014+) taken from the UK Biobank database, with the observation period ending on November 30, 2022. During this period, 176 individuals were newly diagnosed with AP, while 59,512 remained unaffected. Vital characteristics of the target population, such as their medical histories, surgical experiences and dietary patterns, were collected during the enrolment phase (2006-2010). The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to ascertain whether these characteristics were potent risk factors for AP. Concurrently, a subgroup from the target population with documented drinking behavior was selected. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to analyze the relationship of the established factors, variances in alcohol consumption, and increased alcohol intake (Δ) with the onset of AP, and whether the additional alcohol intake served as a risk factor. 【Results】 Multivariate analysis revealed that consumption quantity of cooked vegetables inversely correlated with AP risk (HR=0.44, 0.39, 0.42 and 0.41 for one, two, three and four+ tablespoons per day, respectively, as compared to non-consumers). Coffee consumption (2-3 cups per day) also reduced AP risk (HR=0.45 for 2 cups/day; HR=0.39 for 3 cups/day as compared to non-coffee drinkers). However, those with biliary disease without cholecystectomy exhibited a marked increase in AP risk (HR=7.82), which reduced albeit remained elevated for those with biliary disease post-cholecystectomy (HR=2.15). Subgroup analysis showed minimal impact of alcohol intake levels on AP incidence. Yet, increased alcohol consumption (Δ of 1 bottle/week) was linked to a heightened AP risk (HR=1.05, 95% CI:1.02-1.09, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Among longstanding alcohol consumers, a diet rich in cooked vegetables and moderate coffee consumption offers protective effects against AP. Conversely, biliary disease (particularly without cholecystectomy) and elevated alcohol intake present considerable risk factors for the development of this condition.

Objective:To explore the effects and safety of saline mixed 1∶1 with contrast medium (mixed medium) and pure heparinized saline as alternative media for optimal Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:This single-center, prospective cohort study enrolled patients who underwent PCI with OCT guidance for chronic stable angina or acute coronary syndrome at the Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University from October 2021 to August 2022. The target vessels were examined using OCT with three different flushing media at the same anatomical positions: contrast agent, mixed medium, and pure heparinized saline. An independent observer analyzed all imaging results and evaluated the lumen imaging quality, using the proportion of the clear imaging field (CIF%) as a quantitative measure for analysis. The average luminal diameter was compared among different flushing media. The study also assessed the image quality of the luminal anatomical structures, lesion pathologies, and stents.Results:A total of 105 patients were enrolled in the study, including 110 target vessels. The age of the enrolled patients was (60.5±8.4) years, with 60 male patients (57.1%). OCT examinations were successfully completed using all three media, and no related complications were observed in any groups. The three flushing media presented with the same image quality in terms of depicting the lumen anatomical structures, lesion characteristics, and stent-related features. The mixed medium group achieved a comparable CIF% to the contrast group with both right and left coronary arteries (right coronary 100.0% (100.0%, 100.0%) vs. 100.0% (100.0%, 100.0%), P>0.05; left coronary 100.0% (95.9%, 100.0%) vs. 100.0% (100.0%, 100.0%), P>0.05). While the saline group reached a comparable CIF% to the contrast group with right coronary arteries (100.0% (97.6%, 100.0%) vs. 100.0% (95.9%, 100.0%), P>0.05) but showed a significantly lower CIF% with left coronary arteries (84.9% (75.9%, 93.4%) vs. 100.0% (100.0%, 100.0%), P<0.05). For the average diameter of the coronary lumen, there was no statistically significant difference between the mixed medium group and the saline group compared to the contrast group with both right and left coronary arteries ( P>0.05). Conclusions:A 1∶1 heparinized saline and contrast mixture can serve as a substitute flushing medium for OCT examination during PCI procedure. Pure saline can also yield good results in OCT examination of the right coronary artery, and both alternatives are safe for use as flushing medium in OCT imaging.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment mode changes of chronic pancreatitis (CP).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 805 patients with CP who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2013 to December 2022 were collected. There were 575 males and 230 females, aged 52(range, 10-87)years. Observation indicators: (1)demographic characteristics; (2)distribution of admission departments, hospitalization and treatment status. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distri-bution were represented as M(range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers and percentages. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test was used for consistent between expected frequency and empirical distribution. Results:(1)Demographic characteristics. Of the 805 patients, there were 435 cases and 370 cases diagnosed as CP according to the primary and secondary diagnostic criteria, respec-tively, and the age of initial presentation of 805 patients was 52(range, 10-87)years. Among male and female patients, there was 1 and 0 case in the age group of 0-10 years, there were 16 and 14 cases in 11-20 years, 45 and 26 cases in 21-30 years, 82 and 30 cases in 31-40 years, 122 and 39 cases in 41-50 years, 157 and 51 cases in 51-60 years, 119 and 46 cases in 61-70 years, 31 and 21 cases in 71-80 years, 2 and 3 cases in 81-90 years, respectively. Patients aged 0-14, 15-34, 35-64, and ≥65 years were 0, 6, 28, and 9 for 2013, 1, 21, 34, and 10 for 2014, 1, 8, 38, and 7 for 2015, 0, 7, 52, and 10 for 2016, 0, 11, 35 and 9 for 2017, 1, 15, 72 and 23 for 2018, 0, 9, 55 and 11 for 2019, 2, 19, 58 and 16 for 2020, 0,20, 79 and 18 for 2021, 0, 25, 73 and 22 for 2022, respectively. Of the 805 patients, cases from Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province and other regions were 702, 48 and 55, respectively. There are 802 Han and 3 Hui patients, respectively, and the married, unmarried, divorced, and widowed patients were 732, 64, 7, and 2, respectively. Cases with blood type information was 682, with the distribution of blood types as 26.10%(178/682) of type A, 34.46%(235/682)of type B, 9.97%(68/682) of type AB, 29.47%(201/682)of type O, showing no significant difference compared to the distribu-tion of blood types in population of Shaanxi Province in 2022 (28.43% of type A, 30.50% of type B, 9.83% of type AB, and 30.50% of type O) ( χ2=0.50, P>0.05). (2)Distribution of departments, hospita-lization, and treatment. Of the 805 patients, cases admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Gastroenterology and other departments (Department of Geriatric Surgery, Infectious Diseases and General Surgery) were 594, 121 and 90, respectively. Cases of the number of hospitalizations in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Gastroenterology and other departments were 771, 121 and 94, respectively. One patient might have been admitted for multiple times. The duration of hospital of stay of 805 patients was 11(rang, 1-67)days. The duration of hospital stay of patients admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Gastroenterology and other departments were 16(range, 2-48)days, 11(range, 5-19)days and 24(range, 12-35)days for 2013, 18(range, 2-63)days, 10(range, 3-29)days and 14(range, 7-30)days for 2014, 9(range, 1-35)days, 11(range, 2-16)days and 10(range, 5-33)days for 2015, 10(range, 1-55)days, 9(range, 4-16)days and 16(range, 4-27)days for 2016, 9(range, 2-38)days, 10(range, 4-20)days and 11(range, 5-27)days for 2017, 12(range, 3-46)days, 11(range, 2-26)days and 13(range, 7-27)days for 2018, 11(range, 1-33)days, 9(range, 3-23)days and 14(range, 4-17)days for 2019, 11(range, 1-67)days, 7(range, 1-23)days, and 16(range, 4-27)days for 2020, 10(range, 1-35)days, 8(range, 1-32)days and 14(range, 1-29)days for 2021, 9(range, 1-42)days, 12(range, 3-17)days and 11(range, 1-22)days for 2022. Of the 805 patients, cases receiving treatment as surgical treatment, pancreas extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (P-ESWL), endoscopic treatment and other treatments were 258, 117, 194 and 236, respectively. A total of 260 surgeries were performed on 258 patients receiving surgical treatment, and there were 236 cases receiving surgical treatment as the first choice, and 22 cases undergoing surgery after failed of other treatments. The surgical procedures included pancreaticoduodenectomy in 79 cases, distal pancreatectomy (with or without splenectomy, Peustow procedure) in 35 cases, partial pancreatectomy with pancreatic duct incision and stone removal and pancreaticojejunostomy in 77 cases, simple pancreatic duct incision and pancreaticojejunostomy in 58 cases, internal drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts in 4 cases, and drainage for removal of pancreatic necrotic tissue in 7 cases. There were 58 patients with post-operative complications, including 9 cases of bleeding, 19 cases of infection, 2 cases of gastric paresis, 21 cases pancreatic fistula, and 7 cases of intestinal leakage. Cases with postoperative complications were recovered and discharged after symptomatic treatment. Of the 117 patients receiving P-ESWL, the times of treatment per patient was 1.3±0.7, and a total of 154 times of P-ESWL were performed. There were 89 patients receiving one time of P-ESWL, and 28 patients receiving ≥2 times of P-ESWL. Of the 194 patients receiving endoscopic treatment, the times of treatment per patient was 1.2±0.6, and a total of 238 times of endoscopic treatment were performed. There were 103 cases receiving stent placement, 43 cases receiving nasopancreatic/nasobiliary drainage, 7 cases receiving pancreatic duct balloon dilation, 71 cases receiving pancreatic stone removal, and 58 cases receiving duodenal papilla sphincterotomy. There were 168 patients receiving one time of endoscopic treatment, and 26 patients receiving ≥2 times of endoscopic treatment.There was no postoperative complica-tions reported. Conclusions:The proportion of males in CP patients is relatively high, and the proportion gradually increases with age of 51-60 years. There is no significant difference in the distribution of blood types among CP patients and the population of Shaanxi Province. The proportion of minimally invasive treatment (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and endoscopic therapy) in CP treatment is on the rise, and the duration of hospital stay for patients is on the decline.

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in infancy. Early intervention is critical to improve the prognosis for these children. E-health interventions have tremendous potential. This review aimed to determine the status and effectiveness of family interventions for parents of children aged 0–6 years with ASD in the context of e-health. Methods: The review methodology was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from inception to June 2022. The searches were limited to children with ASD of the age range between 0 and 6 years. We collated the available information and used descriptive statistics to analyze the synthesized data. Results: Our initial search identified 3,672 articles, of which 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. The 30 articles selected were released between 2012 and 2022. All articles are in English. Most articles reviewed were from high-income countries (27/30, 90.0%), especially from the United States (16/30, 53.3%). Four major themes emerged from the 30 studies that matched the inclusion criteria, as follows: 1) type of e-health interventions, 2) duration of interventions, 3) clinical aspects of e-health interventions, and 4) evidence for intervention effectiveness, looking into the positive, negative, and mixed findings of previous studies. Conclusion These findings suggest that a wide variety of e-health interventions may actually help support both children with ASD aged 0–6 years and their parents.

Objective:To examine the clinical value of rapid detection of drug-resistant bacteria by immunochromatography and the effects of rapid detection on the prognosis of patients with severe intra-abdominal infection complicated by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) bloodstream infection.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. We analyzed clinical data of 73 patients with severe abdominal infections with sepsis or septic shock complicated by CRE bloodstream infection admitted to the general surgery department of Jinling Hospital between February 2022 and February 2023. Patients were divided into a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) group (17 patients) and conventional testing group (56 patients) based on whether a GICA for CRE had been performed on the patients' first blood culture sample during the diagnosis and treatment process. There were no statistically significant differences between the GICA and conventional testing groups in age ([55.9±17.3] vs. [47.6±16.4] years), sex ([16 men vs. one woman ] vs. [41 men vs. 15 women]), median Charlson comorbidity index (3.0[2.0,4.0] vs. 3.0[2.0, 4.8]), septic shock (10 vs. 39), or acute kidney injury (8 vs. 40) (all P>0.05). Both groups routinely underwent traditional bacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing. Additionally, patients in the GICA group were tested directly for positive blood cultures using a GICA carbapenemase test kit. The main outcomes were mortality rates on Days 28 and 90 after the first identification of CRE bloodstream infection in both groups. We also compared the microbial clearance rate, duration of hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, and time from onset of CRE bloodstream infection to initiation of targeted and appropriate antibiotics between the two groups. Results:The rate of microbial clearance of bloodstream infection was significantly greater in the GICA group than in the conventional testing group (15/17 vs. 34/56 [60.7%], χ 2=4.476, P=0.034), whereas the 28-day mortality tended to be lower in the GICA than conventional testing group [5/17 vs. 44.6% [25/56], χ 2=1.250, P=0.264). The 90-day mortality (8/17 vs. 53.6% [30/56], χ 2=0.222, P=0.638), median duration of hospitalization (37.0 [18.0, 46.5] days vs. 45.5 [32.2, 64.8] days, Z=-1.867, P=0.062), and median duration of intensive care unit stay (18.0 [6.5, 35.0] days vs. 32.0 [5.0, 51.8] days, Z=-1.251, P=0.209). The median time between the onset of bloodstream infection and administration of antibiotics was 49.0 (38.0, 69.0) hours in the GICA group, which is significantly shorter than the 163.0 (111.8, 190.0) hours in the conventional testing group ( Z=-5.731, P<0.001). The median time between the onset of bloodstream infection and administration of appropriate antibiotics was 40.0 (34.0, 80.0) hours in the GICA group, which is shorter than in the conventional testing group (68.0 [38.2, 118.8]) hours; however, this difference is not statistically significant ( Z=-1.686, P=0.093). Conclusions:GICA can provide information on carbapenemase- producing pathogens faster than traditional drug sensitivity testing, enabling early administration of the optimal antibiotics. The strategy of 'carbapenemase detection first' for managing bacterial infection has the potential to improve prognosis of patients and reduce mortality rate.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the course and outcome of patients with combined entero-atmospheric fistulas in open abdomen treatment.Methods:In this retrospective observational study, we collected data on 214 patients with open abdomen complicated by entero-atmospheric fistulas admitted to Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School from January 2012 to January 2021. We collected their basic characteristics, aetiology, treatment plan, and prognosis, including the durations of hospitalization and open treatment, time to resumption of enteral nutrition, duration and prognosis of definitive surgery, and overall prognosis.Results:Of the 214 patients with open abdomen complicated with entero–enteral fistulas, 23 (10.7%) died (11 of multiple organ failure caused by abdominal infection, five of abdominal cavity bleeding, four of pulmonary infection, one of airway bleeding, one of necrotizing fasciitis, and one of traumatic brain injury). The remaining 191 underwent definitive surgery at our hospital. The patients who underwent definitive surgery were predominantly male (156 patients, 81.7%); their age was (46.5±2.5) years. Trauma and gastrointestinal tumors (120 cases, 62.8%) predominated among the primary causes. The reasons for abdominal opening were, in order, severe abdominal infection (137 cases, 71.7%, damage control surgery (29 cases, 15.2%), and abdominal hypertension (25 cases, 13.1%). Temporary abdominal closure measures were used to classify the participants into a skin-only suture group (104 cases) and a skin-implant group (87 cases). Compared with the skin-implant group, in the skin-suture-only group the proportion of male patients was lower (74.7% [65/87] vs. 87.5% [91/104], χ 2=5.176, P=0.023), the mean age was older ([48.3±2.0] years vs. [45.0±1.9] years, t=-11.671, P<0.001), there were fewer patients with trauma (32.2% [28 /87] vs. 58.7% [61/104), χ 2=13.337, P<0.001), intensive care stays were shorter ([8.9±1.0] days vs. [12.7±1.6] days, t=19.281, P<0.001), total length of stay was shorter ([29.3±2.0] days vs. [31.9±2.0] days, t=9.021, P<0.001), there was a higher percentage of colonic fistulas (18.4% [16/87] vs. 8.7% [9/104], χ 2=3.948, P=0.047), but fewer multiple fistulas (11.5% [10/87] vs. 34.6% [36/104], χ 2=14.440, P<0.001). As to fistula management, a higher percentage of fistula sealing methods using 3D-printed intestinal stents were implemented in the skin-only suture group (60.9% [53/87] versus 43.3% [45/104], χ 2=5.907, P=0.015). Compared with the implant group, the skin-only suture group had a shorter mean time to performing provisional closure ( [9.5±0.8] days vs. [16.0±0.6] days, t=66.023, P<0.001), shorter intervals to definitive surgery ( [165.0±10.7] days vs. [198.9±8.3] days, t=26.644, P<0.001), and less use of biopatches (56.3% [49/87) vs. 71.2% [74/104], χ 2=4.545, P=0.033). Conclusions:Open abdomen complicated with entero-enteral fistulas is more common in male, and is often caused by trauma and gastrointestinal tumor. Severe intra-abdominal infection is the major cause of open abdomen, and most fistulae involves the small intestine. Collection and retraction of intestinal fluid and 3D-printed entero-enteral fistula stent sealing followed by implantation and skin-only suturing is an effective means of managing entero-enteral fistulas complicating open abdominal cavity. Earlier closure of the abdominal cavity with skin-only sutures can shorten the time to definitive surgery and reduce the rate of utilization of biopatches.

Objective:To examine the clinical value of rapid detection of drug-resistant bacteria by immunochromatography and the effects of rapid detection on the prognosis of patients with severe intra-abdominal infection complicated by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) bloodstream infection.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. We analyzed clinical data of 73 patients with severe abdominal infections with sepsis or septic shock complicated by CRE bloodstream infection admitted to the general surgery department of Jinling Hospital between February 2022 and February 2023. Patients were divided into a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) group (17 patients) and conventional testing group (56 patients) based on whether a GICA for CRE had been performed on the patients' first blood culture sample during the diagnosis and treatment process. There were no statistically significant differences between the GICA and conventional testing groups in age ([55.9±17.3] vs. [47.6±16.4] years), sex ([16 men vs. one woman ] vs. [41 men vs. 15 women]), median Charlson comorbidity index (3.0[2.0,4.0] vs. 3.0[2.0, 4.8]), septic shock (10 vs. 39), or acute kidney injury (8 vs. 40) (all P>0.05). Both groups routinely underwent traditional bacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing. Additionally, patients in the GICA group were tested directly for positive blood cultures using a GICA carbapenemase test kit. The main outcomes were mortality rates on Days 28 and 90 after the first identification of CRE bloodstream infection in both groups. We also compared the microbial clearance rate, duration of hospitalization and intensive care unit stay, and time from onset of CRE bloodstream infection to initiation of targeted and appropriate antibiotics between the two groups. Results:The rate of microbial clearance of bloodstream infection was significantly greater in the GICA group than in the conventional testing group (15/17 vs. 34/56 [60.7%], χ 2=4.476, P=0.034), whereas the 28-day mortality tended to be lower in the GICA than conventional testing group [5/17 vs. 44.6% [25/56], χ 2=1.250, P=0.264). The 90-day mortality (8/17 vs. 53.6% [30/56], χ 2=0.222, P=0.638), median duration of hospitalization (37.0 [18.0, 46.5] days vs. 45.5 [32.2, 64.8] days, Z=-1.867, P=0.062), and median duration of intensive care unit stay (18.0 [6.5, 35.0] days vs. 32.0 [5.0, 51.8] days, Z=-1.251, P=0.209). The median time between the onset of bloodstream infection and administration of antibiotics was 49.0 (38.0, 69.0) hours in the GICA group, which is significantly shorter than the 163.0 (111.8, 190.0) hours in the conventional testing group ( Z=-5.731, P<0.001). The median time between the onset of bloodstream infection and administration of appropriate antibiotics was 40.0 (34.0, 80.0) hours in the GICA group, which is shorter than in the conventional testing group (68.0 [38.2, 118.8]) hours; however, this difference is not statistically significant ( Z=-1.686, P=0.093). Conclusions:GICA can provide information on carbapenemase- producing pathogens faster than traditional drug sensitivity testing, enabling early administration of the optimal antibiotics. The strategy of 'carbapenemase detection first' for managing bacterial infection has the potential to improve prognosis of patients and reduce mortality rate.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to analyze the course and outcome of patients with combined entero-atmospheric fistulas in open abdomen treatment.Methods:In this retrospective observational study, we collected data on 214 patients with open abdomen complicated by entero-atmospheric fistulas admitted to Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School from January 2012 to January 2021. We collected their basic characteristics, aetiology, treatment plan, and prognosis, including the durations of hospitalization and open treatment, time to resumption of enteral nutrition, duration and prognosis of definitive surgery, and overall prognosis.Results:Of the 214 patients with open abdomen complicated with entero–enteral fistulas, 23 (10.7%) died (11 of multiple organ failure caused by abdominal infection, five of abdominal cavity bleeding, four of pulmonary infection, one of airway bleeding, one of necrotizing fasciitis, and one of traumatic brain injury). The remaining 191 underwent definitive surgery at our hospital. The patients who underwent definitive surgery were predominantly male (156 patients, 81.7%); their age was (46.5±2.5) years. Trauma and gastrointestinal tumors (120 cases, 62.8%) predominated among the primary causes. The reasons for abdominal opening were, in order, severe abdominal infection (137 cases, 71.7%, damage control surgery (29 cases, 15.2%), and abdominal hypertension (25 cases, 13.1%). Temporary abdominal closure measures were used to classify the participants into a skin-only suture group (104 cases) and a skin-implant group (87 cases). Compared with the skin-implant group, in the skin-suture-only group the proportion of male patients was lower (74.7% [65/87] vs. 87.5% [91/104], χ 2=5.176, P=0.023), the mean age was older ([48.3±2.0] years vs. [45.0±1.9] years, t=-11.671, P<0.001), there were fewer patients with trauma (32.2% [28 /87] vs. 58.7% [61/104), χ 2=13.337, P<0.001), intensive care stays were shorter ([8.9±1.0] days vs. [12.7±1.6] days, t=19.281, P<0.001), total length of stay was shorter ([29.3±2.0] days vs. [31.9±2.0] days, t=9.021, P<0.001), there was a higher percentage of colonic fistulas (18.4% [16/87] vs. 8.7% [9/104], χ 2=3.948, P=0.047), but fewer multiple fistulas (11.5% [10/87] vs. 34.6% [36/104], χ 2=14.440, P<0.001). As to fistula management, a higher percentage of fistula sealing methods using 3D-printed intestinal stents were implemented in the skin-only suture group (60.9% [53/87] versus 43.3% [45/104], χ 2=5.907, P=0.015). Compared with the implant group, the skin-only suture group had a shorter mean time to performing provisional closure ( [9.5±0.8] days vs. [16.0±0.6] days, t=66.023, P<0.001), shorter intervals to definitive surgery ( [165.0±10.7] days vs. [198.9±8.3] days, t=26.644, P<0.001), and less use of biopatches (56.3% [49/87) vs. 71.2% [74/104], χ 2=4.545, P=0.033). Conclusions:Open abdomen complicated with entero-enteral fistulas is more common in male, and is often caused by trauma and gastrointestinal tumor. Severe intra-abdominal infection is the major cause of open abdomen, and most fistulae involves the small intestine. Collection and retraction of intestinal fluid and 3D-printed entero-enteral fistula stent sealing followed by implantation and skin-only suturing is an effective means of managing entero-enteral fistulas complicating open abdominal cavity. Earlier closure of the abdominal cavity with skin-only sutures can shorten the time to definitive surgery and reduce the rate of utilization of biopatches.