Objective To analyze the current status,hot spots and trends of Chinese and English researches in the field of aspiration after dysphasia in the past twenty years. Methods The articles about aspiration after dysphasia were retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science(WOS)core collec-tion database,from January,2003 to June,2023,and were analyzed with CiteSpace 6.1.R6. Results A total of 3 231 articles were included.The annual articles were published more and more year by year.The most English literatures came from the United States.Hot spots mainly focused on the assessment of dysphasia,prevention of complication,nutrition and rehabilitation therapy.It would concentrate on the application of the volume-viscosity swallow test and assessment scales,rehabilitation,penetration aspiration,outcome and effect validation,quality of life,feeding and nutrition condition,and evidence-based nursing,etc.,in the future. Conclusion The researches in the field of aspiration after dysphasia have been increasing in recent years,and the themes and contents of researches have been deepening.

To understand the pathogenicity,virulence genes,drug resistance genes,and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from yaks in some areas of Lhasa and Nagqu City,55 yak nasal swab samples were analyzed for S.aureus in this study.The cocci were isolated and identified,and the carriage of virulence genes and drug resistance genes,as well as the pathogenicity and drug sensitivity of the isolated S.aureus strains,were detected with PCR,artificially infected mice,and the K-B drug susceptibility disk method.Seven strains of S.aureus were isolated from the 55 yak nasal swab samples,with an iso-lation rate of 12.73％.The isolated strains were all pathogenic to mice,with a fatality rate exceeding 60％.These seven strains of S.aureus carried three drug resistance genes(tetM,tet,and mecA)and six virulence genes(seb,sec,clfA,hla,hlb,and nuc).The detection rate of the three drug resistance genes was 100％,whereas the detection rate of the six virulence genes in the isolates ranged from 83.33％to 100％.The resistance rates of the isolated strains to penicillin,ampicillin,and cotrimox-azole reached 85.71％-100％,whereas the resistance rates to tetracycline and ceftazidime were both 28.57％.Thus,yaks in Lhasa and Nagqu cities were found to be infected by S.aureus strains carrying various drug-resistance genes and virulence genes.These strains were highly pathogenic and showed sensi-tivity to most antibacterial drugs.These findings may serve as a reference for treating S.aureus infection in yaks in the cities of Lhasa and Nagqu.

Objective To explore the effect of exercise preconditioning on inflammatory response in ischemic stroke brain tissue which mediated by miR-146a in extracellular vesicles in rats with middle cerebral artery oc-clusion(MCAO),and its mechanism.Methods Sixty 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divid-ed into a non-exercise group and an exercise group.The non-exercise group was further divided into a sham-operation control group(C,n=15)and an MCAO model group(M,n=15),while the exercise group was further di-vided into an exercise only group(E,n=15)and an exercise plus MCAO model group(EM,n=15).Rats in the E and EM groups underwent 8 weeks of treadmill exercise,6 days per week,30 minutes per day.Then rats in the M and EM groups received MCAO to induce ischemic stroke,while the C and E groups underwent a sham surgery.Twenty-four hours after the surgery,neurobehavioral tests were performed.Plasma was collected to ex-tract extracellular vesicles,and brain tissue was collected to measure the volume of cerebral infarction by using the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining.Moreover,the Nissl staining was conducted to observe neuronal and Nissl body.Mean while,the content of miR-146a in plasma extracellular vesicles and brain tissue was mea-sured by using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),and the expression of TNF receptor associat-ed factor 6(TRAF6),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in brain tissues were determined using Western blotting.The targeting relationship between miR-146a and TRAF6 was detected by using the dual luciferase reporter gene assay.Results(1)The neurological behavioral scores of the EM and M groups were higher than those of the C group(P<0.01 and P<0.01),with that of the EM group lower than the M group(P<0.01).(2)TTC staining showed that the infarct volume of the EM and M groups was larger than that of the other two groups(P<0.01 and P<0.01),with that of the EM group smaller than the M group(P<0.01).(3)Nissl staining results showed that the neuronal arrangement was loose,the number of neurons re-duced,and the Nissl bodies were lightly stained and decreased in the M group compared with the C and E groups.Moreover,compared with the M group,the number of neurons and Nissl bodies increased in the EM group.(4)The qPCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-146a in the plasma-derived exosomes and brain tissues of the EM and M groups decreased compared with the C group(P<0.05 and P<0.01),with that of the EM group higher than the M group(P<0.05).(5)According to Western blotting,compared with the C group,the expression levels of TRAF6,NF-κB,and TNF-α proteins increased significantly(P<0.05 and P<0.01),with that of group EM signfiicantly lower than group M(P<0.05 and P<0.05).(6)Dual-luciferase report-er gene assay showed that miR-146a had a specific binding site with TRAF6.Conclusion Eight weeks of exer-cise preconditioning reduces the infarct area and the extent of brain damage,which may be mediated by miR-146a via exosomes,increasing the expression of miR-146a in brain tissue,targeting TRAF6,negatively regulat-ing TRAF6/NF-κB,and reducing the expression of TNF-α,thus alleviating the inflammatory response in brain tissue and exerting a protective effect on ischemic brain injury.

Objective: Based on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) variables on weekdays and weekends, the study aims to cluster the physical activities inside and outside kindergartens and to explore the cluster characteristics of different children using physical fitness indicators, so as to provide new strategies and methods for early childhood education and health. Methods: From March to June 2019, 291 children aged 3-6 years from 6 kindergartens in Nanchang were recruited by a stratified cluster random sampling method. The ActiGraph GT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer was used to measure and analyze the PA and SB levels inside and outside the kindergarten. A twostep clustering algorithm model was employed for cluster analysis. Physical fitness were measured and evaluated according to the "National Physical Fitness Measurement Standard Manual (Preschool Section)". Differences in physical fitness among different clusters of children were compared, and the cluster characteristics of different children were analyzed. Results: The clustering algorithm model indicated that based on six indicators, including PA and SB inside the kindergarten on weekdays, and PA and SB outside the kindergarten on both weekdays and weekends, children could be divided into three categories:active inside (high PA, low SB inside), active outside (high PA outside), and inactive (low PA, high SB both inside and outside). The average silhouette coefficient of the model was 0.3, indicating good clustering results. Both the active inside and active outside children showed significantly higher PA inside on weekdays, PA outside on weekdays and weekends, daily low intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than the inactive children ( F=157.91, 80.79 , 95.86, 95.52, 124.74, P <0.05). After adjusting for gender and age, the physical fitness scores of both active outside ( 19.03 ±0.47) and active inside (19.11±0.40) were significantly higher than those of the inactive children (17.94±0.31). Additionally, active inside children (3.91±0.14) also showed significantly better performance in continuous double-leg jumps, compared to inactive children (3.45±0.11) ( P <0.05). Conclusion Children active inside and those active outside perform well in PA. Future research should focus on the proportion of structured and unstructured PA time to enhance the overall physical fitness of children.

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharide from atractylodes atractylodes(PAMK) on rheumatoid arthritis(RA) rats and its effect on Toll like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B(TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: RA rat model was induced by type Ⅱ collagen, after successful modeling, the rats were divided into model group, positive drug group(Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablet), PAMK low-dose and high-dose groups, normal control group was also set, with 12 rats in each group. Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets or Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide were administered intragastric administration, once a day for 4 weeks. The body weight, paw swelling rate and arthritis index of rats were measured; the thymus index and spleen index were calculated; HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of synovial membrane of ankle joint; The levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum and synovial tissue of ankle were determined by ELISA; The expression levels of total protein TLR4, MyD88, phosphorylated NF-κB p65(Ser536) and nuclear protein NF-κB p65 in synovial tissue of ankle were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the normal control group, synovial hyperplasia and unclear layers were observed in the model group, body weight decreased(P<0.05), paw swelling rate, arthritis index, thymus index and spleen index increased(P<0.05), the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and synovial tissue of ankle, and the protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p65 in synovial tissue of ankle increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group, the histomathological changes of synovial of ankle joint in positive drug group and PAMK high-dose group were significantly improved, body weight increased(P<0.05), paw swelling rate, arthritis index, thymus index and spleen index decreased(P<0.05), the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and synovial tissue of ankle, and the protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p65 in synovial tissue of ankle decreased(P<0.05), however, there were no significant differences in the above indexes between PAMK low-dose group and model group(P>0.05). Conclusion PAMK can reduce the inflammatory response and improve RA, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the vitamin D receptor ApaⅠ and BsmⅠ gene polymorphisms and the risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV).Methods:The 98 patients with BPPV admitted to the Neurology Clinic of our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected as vertigo group, and 100 healthy individuals were selected as a healthy control group.The gene polymorphism of ApaⅠ(rs7975232)and Bsm Ⅰ(rs1544410)were detected by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.Results:The serum levels of total cholesterol and uric acid were significantly higher in the BPPV group than in a healthy control group( P<0.05). The actual and predicted values of the ApaⅠ and BsmⅠ gene distribution were compared between the BPPV group and a healthy control group, and the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). The ApaⅠ and BsmⅠ genotypes of the BPPV group and the control group were stable and consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law.The ApaⅠ gene rs7975232 and the BsmⅠ gene rs1544410 genotype and allele frequency distribution[n(%)]showed statistically significant difference(all P<0.05)between control vs BPPV groups.The locus genotype and allele frequency distribution[n(%)]showed statistically significant difference between control vs BPPV group( P<0.05). The total cholesterol, blood uric acid, rs7975232CC, rs7975232AA, rs1544410 CC, and rs1544410 CT were risk factors for the occurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Conclusions:Gentic polymorphisms at the cleavage sites of restriction endonuclease of vitamin D gene ApaⅠ rs7975232 and BsmⅠ gene rs1544410 have certain correlation with the occurrence of(BPPV)disease.Population with type CC and AA in ApaI rs7975232 and type CC and CT in BsmⅠ rs1544410 are more prone to BPPV.

Objective: To understand the present situation of physical activity and its influencing factors, and to provide a reference for improving the level of physical activity and making the intervention measures. Methods: The method of random stratification was used to select 4 740 pre school children aged 3-6 from 17 kindergartens in 12 counties and districts of Nanchang City, The questionnaire of physical activities of young children and the questionnaire of parents of physical activities of young children were applied to conduct a survey. Results: Compared with weekday PA and MVPA, preschool children’s weekends decreased, SB increased. The differences in PA, MVPA and SB on weekdays and weekends were statistically significant( P <0.01). The proportion of PA and MVPA reaching the recommended amount during the working day of preschool children were 44.9%-59.2%, 45.4%- 61.7%.The proportion reaching the recommended amount of PA and MVPA on weekends were 24.7%-27.8%, 24.5%-29.9%, and the proportion reaching the recommended amount on weekdays was higher than that on weekends. Conclusion There is still gap between actual amount of physical activity and the recommended amount. There are different modes of activity on weekdays and weekends, and weekends are the least active periods. Parents and teachers should pay enough attention to the establishment of "social campus family" model to improve the lack of physical activity of preschool children.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA, ) and its derivatives are first-line immunosuppressants used in organ transplantation and for treating autoimmune diseases. Despite chemical synthetic achievements, the biosynthetic formation of a seven-carbon carboxylic acid pharmacophore side chain of , especially the processes involving the cleavage of the prenyl side chain between DHMP () and DMMPA (), remains unknown. In this work, we identified a membrane-bound prenyltransferase, PgMpaA, that transfers FPP to to yield FDHMP (). Compound undergoes the first cleavage step a new globin-like enzyme PgMpaB to form a cryptic intermediate . Heterologous expression of genes in demonstrates that the second cleavage step (from to ) of is a cluster-independent process . Our results, especially the discovery of the broad tolerance of substrates recognized by PgMpaB, set up a strategy for the formation of "pseudo-isopentenyl" natural products using fungal globin-like enzymes.

Objective To explore the effect of expression of protein kinase C receptor 1(RACK1) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Sonic hedgehog(SHH) signaling pathway in rat puhnonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMVEC).Methods The healthy male SPF grade SD rat with 100-120 g body weight were gotten from the laboratory animal center of Anhui province.Using immunocytochemistry method,the expression of RACK1 protein in RPMVECs was detected,cultured RPMVECs were randomly divided into different groups as LPS dose-dependent group,SAG(smoothened Agonist,a SHH signaling pathway specific agonist) dose-dependent group,LPS time-dependent group,SAG time-dependent group and LPS+SAG group.In LPS dose-dependent groups,RPMVECs were cultured with 0.1,1,10 mg/L LPS for 8 h.In LPS time-dependent groups,RPMVECs were cultured with 10 mg/L LPS for 0,2,4,8,12,24 h.In SAG dose-dependent groups,RPMVECs were cultured with 0.1,1,10 μ mol/L for 8 h.In SAG time-dependent groups,RPMVECs were cultured with 1 μ mol/L SAG for 0,2,4,8,12,24 h.In LPS+SAG group,RPMVECs were cultured with 1 μ mol/L SAG 8 h after 10 mg/L LPS treatment for 1 h.In addition,blank group,LPS group and SAG group were set for control.Western blot were used to detect the level of RACK1 and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of GLI-1 mRNA after intervention.Results Immunocytochemistry revealed that RACK1 were present in RPMVEC.1.In LPS dose-dependent groups (0,0.1,1,10 mg/L),the level of RACK1 elevated as LPS dose increased correspondingly with inter-group difference (P＜0.05);the relative expression levels of GLI-1 mRNA were (1.109 + 0.063),(1.039 + 0.135),(0.813 ± 0.066),(0.770 + 0.105),(1 mg/L vs.10 mg/L,P＞0.05;the rest P＜0.05).In LPS time-dependent groups,the relative expression level of RACK1 at 2 h (0.370 + 0.010) was higher than that at 0 h (0.329 ± 0.008),peaked at 12 h (1.296 ± 0.048),and compared with 0 h,there was significant differences (F=1 272.204,P＜0.05).The relative expression level of GLI-1 mRNA was decreased at 2 h (0.929 ±-0.007),and compared with 0 h(1.089 ± 0.042),there was significant differences (F=306.609,P＜0.05).2.In SAG dose-dependent groups,there was no significant difference in level of RACK1 between groups(all P＞0.05).The relative expression levels ofGLI-1 mRNA were (1.109 ± 0.063),(1.169 ± 0.052),(3.468 ± 0.128),(3.434 ± 0.054),(0 μ mol/L vs.0.1 μ mol/L and 1 μ mol/L vs.10 μ mol/L,P＞0.05,the rest P＜0.05).Among SAG time-dependent groups,there was no significant difference in levels of RACK1 protein(P＞0.05).The relative expression level of GLI-1 mRNA increased at 2 h (3.027 ± 0.065),and compared with 0 h (2.651 + 0.123),there was significant differences (F=132.841,P＜0.05).3.In LPS+SAG intervention groups,the expression of RACKI was lower than that in LPS group (0.831 ±0.040 vs.1.189 ± 0.149,P＜0.05),and the expression of GLI-1 mRNA was higher than that in LPS group (2.720 + 0.130 vs.0.796-4-0.082,P＜0.05).Conclusions The LPS up-regulates the expression of RACK1 in RPMVECs,and the activated SHH signaling pathway can down-regulate the expression of RACK1 induced by LPS in RPMVECs.

Objective To investigate the positive rates and susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) in urogenital mycoplasma infection under three years.Methods Culture,identification and susceptibility test were performed on 4 414 specimens collected from suspected patients with mycoplasma infection by using Antu mycoplasma kits.Results In the 4 414 patients,2 295 cases with mycoplasma infection were detected and the positive rate was 51.99％.The infection rates of Uu and Mh respectively were 40.69％ and 2.08％,and the both infection rate was 9.22％.Antibiotic sensitive rates of josamycin(JOX),doxycycline(DOX),clarithromycin(CLA),gatifloxacin(GAT) and erythromycin(ERY) were 96.03％,95.51 ％,78.69 ％％,77.21 ％ and 72.55 ％.Drug resistant rates of roxithromycin(RXT),thiamphenicol (THI),clindamycin (CLI) and clarithromycin(CLA) were 16.90％,22.27％,41.96％ and 17.60％.Conclusion Uu is the predominant mycoplasma in urogenital tract infection in the study.DOX,JOS,GAT and ERY can be chosen as the fist line drugs for the treatment of urogenital tract infection.RXT,THI,CLI and CLA with high drug resistant rates are not recommended to be used.