Objective To explore the value of serum IL-11 in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of acute cerebral infarction and its correlation with serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).Methods General clinical data of 102 patients with acute cerebral infarction(cerebral infarction group)and 64 normal controls(normal control group)were collected.According to the 90 d mRS score,the cerebral infarction group was divided into the good prognosis subgroup and the poor prognosis subgroup.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum IL-11 and NIHSS score,cerebral infarction volume and serum BDNF.Logistics regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of cerebral infarction prognosis,and the ROC curve of IL-11 in the diagnosis and prognosis of cerebral infarction was drawn.Results The rate of hypertension and the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(all P＜0.05).The age,rate of diabetes,glycosylated hemoglobin level,NIHSS score at admission and cerebral infarction volume in the poor prognosis subgroup were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis subgroup(all P＜0.05).The level of serum IL-11 in the cerebral infarction group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group(t =10.123,P＜0.05).The serum IL-11 level in the poor prognosis subgroup of the cerebral infarction group was significantly lower than that in the good prognosis subgroup(t =7.438,P＜0.05).The expression of serum IL-11 in patients with cerebral infarction was negatively correlated with NIHSS score(r =-0.603,P＜0.001)and cerebral infarction volume(r =-0.681,P＜0.001).Logistics regression analysis showed that IL-11 was a protective factor(OR =0.814,P =0.009),while infarct volume(OR = 2.262,P＜0.001)and NIHSS score(OR =2.107,P =0.006)were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction.When IL-11 was applied to the diagnosis of cerebral infarction,the area under the ROC curve was 0.841,the sensitivity was 91.18%,the specificity was 72.42%,and the cut-off value was 378.47;when IL-11 was applied to the prognostic discrimination of cerebral infarction,the area under the ROC curve was 0.786,the sensitivity was 67.09%,the specificity was 87.93%,and the cut-off value was 310.94.The correlation coefficient between serum IL-11 levels and serum BDNF levels in patients with cerebral infarction was r =0.711,P＜0.001.Conclusions The level of serum IL-11 in patients with cerebral infarction is significantly decreased,and the level of IL-11 in patients with poor prognosis is significantly lower than that in patients with good prognosis.Meanwhile,the level of IL-11 is negatively correlated with the level of serum BDNF,which may be used for the auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of cerebral infarction.

There is a complex symbiotic relationship between gut microbiota and the host,and a bidirectional communication pathway exists between gut microbiota and the brain,known as the"microbiota-gut-brain axis".Research has found that general anesthetics and the brain can engage in complex two-way communication through the microbiota-gut-brain axis.General anesthetics can alter the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota.This article reviews the effects of common general anesthetics on the microbio-ta-gut-brain axis and their mechanisms,with the aim of providing reference for the related research on anesthesia and the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To explore the key amino acids of side chain dioxate dehydrogenase complex E2 protein (BCOADC-E2) that can react specifically with specific autoantibody anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)-M2 in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).Methods:The homologous target gene BCKD, which expressed the epitopes of BCOADC-E2 protein, was cloned and recombined with the engineering plasmid pGEX-4T1. Fifteen point mutant plasmids were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and transferred to the prokaryotic expression strain for protein expression and purification. Fourteen mutant proteins and one wild-type protein were obtained. The AMA-M2 specificity of the 14 mutant proteins was measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), and the amino acids that were critical to the specificity of BCOADC-E2 and AMA-M2 were identified by comparing the specificity of the 14 mutant proteins with that of the wild type proteins. Differences between groups were analyzed by analysis of variance, LSD- t test. Results:A total of 14 mutant proteins and 1 wild-type protein were obtained.The specific reaction degree of mutant protein pGEX-BCKD-S1A (1.634±0.328) and pGEX-BCKD-C3A (1.744±0.345) with serum AMA-M2 in patients with PBC was higher than that of wild-type protein pGEX-BCKD (1.000±0.000) with AMA-M2; Mutant protein pGEX-BCKD-E4A (0.157±0.067), pGEX-BCKD-V5A (0.057±0.029), pGEX-BCKD-Q6A (0.580±0.166), pGEX-BCKD-S7A (0.744 ±0.125), pGEX-BCKD-D8A (0.351 ±0.135), pGEX-BCKD-S10A (0.496 ±0.158), pGEX-BCKD-V11A(0.149±0.089), pGEX-BCKD-T12A(0.061±0.043), pGEX-BCKD-I13A(0.007±0.017), pGEX-BCKD-T14A (0.198±0.101), pGEX-BCKD-S15A (0.156±0.087), The specific reaction degree of pGEX-BCKD-R16A (0.884±0.099) with AMA-M2 was lower than that of wild-type protein pGEX-BCKD (1.000±0.000) with AMA-M2.Conclusion:The cysteines at positions 1 and 3 of BCOADC-E2 protein were the key amino acids to improve the specific reaction between BCOADC-E2 and AMA-M2. The mutant proteins formed after amino acids at position 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 are replaced by alanine can decrease the specificity of AMA-M2. Amino acids at positions 5 and 13 are the key amino acids that affect the specific reaction between BCOADC-E2 and AMA-M2, and have an important effect on the function of BCOADC-E2 protein.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of methane on acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice and the role of autophagy.Methods:Forty clean-grade SPF healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), group ALI, methane-rich saline group (group MS) and methane-rich saline plus 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (group MS+ 3-MA). Acetaminophen 300 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally to establish ALI model.Group MS was injected intraperitoneally with methane-rich saline 10 ml/kg immediately after establishing the model and at 12 h after establishing the model.Group MS+ 3-MA was injected intraperitoneally with methane-rich saline 10 ml/kg and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA 30 mg/kg immediately after establishing the model and was injected intraperitoneally with methane-rich saline 10 ml/kg at 12 h after establishing the model.The equal volume of sterile saline was given intraperitoneally at the same time points in C and ALI groups.At 24 h after establishment of the model, blood samples from the eyeball were taken for measuring concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum (using biochemistry analyzer) and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The animals were then sacrificed and liver tissues were removed for determination of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 (by Western blot) and for the examination of the number of autophagosomes (under a transmission electron microscope). Results:Compared with group C, the concentrations of ALT, AST, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly increased, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased, expression of p62 was up-regulated, and the number of autophagosomes was increased in liver tissues in ALI, MS and MS+ 3-MA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group ALI, the concentrations of ALT, AST, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly decreased, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased, expression of p62 was down-regulated, and the number of autophagosomes in liver tissues was increased in group MS, and AST concentration in serum was decreased and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased in group MS+ 3-MA ( P<0.05). Compared with group MS, the concentrations of ALT, AST, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased, the LC3 II/LC3 I ratio and the number of autophagosomes were decreased in lung tissues in group MS+ 3-MA ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which methane can reduce acetaminophen-induced ALI is related to enhancement of the level of autophagy in liver cells in mice.

Alanine Transaminase ; Amikacin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aztreonam ; Bilirubin ; Carbapenems ; Ceftazidime ; China ; Creatinine ; Cross Infection ; Escherichia coli ; Fibrosis ; Fungi ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Hemorrhage ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; International Normalized Ratio ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Length of Stay ; Leukocyte Count ; Linezolid ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Vancomycin

Objective To examine the antidepressant effects of resveratrol (RSV),and its possible mechanism specialized on improving cognitive function.Methods Thirty-two C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control,Model,Model+RSV and Model+NA+RSV groups.The mice were subjected corticosterone (20 mg/(kg · d)) intraperitoneal injection for 21 consecutive days except the control mice.From the 22nd to 42nd day,the mice in different groups received further treatment with vehicle/ RSV (400 mg/(kg · d),op)/NA (100 mg/(kg · d),ip)+RSV (400 mg/(kg · d),op).The sugar preference test,novel object recognition test,novel location recognition test and water maze test were applied to evaluate the cognitive effects of RSV on mice.Subsequently,the silence information regulation factor 1 (SIRT1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α),parvalbumin (PV) transcription and translation level were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The sugar preference test showed that the depression model mediated by CORT injection was successfully established(F（1,30） =6,P=0.038).In in the novel object learning test,resveratrol significantly increased the proration on the frequency ((-0.20±0.37) vs (0.16±0.29))and duration((0.10±0.45) vs (0.62±0.29)) and decreased the proration on the distance((0.09±0.36) vs (0.55±0.27)).In the water maze test,resveratrol reduced the time((41±9)s;(26± 8) s) and distance ((295± 70) cm;(224±43) cm) to find the platform.All the results were accompanied with the increased expression of protein SIRT1 (F(3,29) =15.60,P＜0.01),PGC-1α(F(3,29)=7.51,P=0.0006) and PV (F(3,29) =17.87,P=0.0004).While pretreatment with nicotinamide,resveratrol could not rescue the cognitive impairment and could not reverse the iecreased expression level of protein SIRT1,PGC-1 α and PV.Conelusion Resveratrol can reverse the cognitive dysfunction of depressant mice,which may be achieved by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and increasing the transcription and protein expression of PV.

OBJECTIVETo generate mice which are specific for peroxisomproliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1(PGC-1α) knockout in the GABAergic interneuron.

METHODSConditional mice specific for PGC-1αwere introduced from the Jackson Laboratory, USA and initially inbred to obtain homozygote PGC-1αmice. The PGC-1αconditional mice were further crossed with Dlx5/6-Cre-IRES-EGFP transgenic mice to achieve specific knockout of PGC-1α in the GABAergic interneuron.

RESULTSThe offspring with specific knockout PGC-1α gene were successful for the generation of GABAergic interneuron, with the resulting genotype being PGC-1α.

CONCLUSIONThe PGC-1αmice were obtained through a proper crossing strategy, which has provided a suitable platform for studying the function of PGC-1α in neuropsychiatric diseases.

Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Interneurons ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; genetics ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; genetics ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of aconitine and Shuang-huang-lian injection on the expression of myocardial ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and to discuss the anti-arrhythmic mechanisms of Shuanghuanglian against aconitine poisoning.
 METHODS: A total of 52 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: aconitine group (group A, n=20), Shuang-huang-lian group (group B, n=20) and control group (group C, n=12). Aconitine at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg was firstly administrated to the rats of group A and group B through gavage. 30 minutes later, normal saline was delivered to rats in group A through intraperitoneal injection, while rats in group B received Shuang-huang-lian at a dose of 100 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection. Group C accepted twice administration of normal saline by gavage and intraperitoneal injection. The disposals for each group were implemented for 10 consecutive days. The rats' electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded on day 1, 3, 6 and 10. Immunofluorescent staining technique and real-time quantitative PCR technique was used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of myocardial RyR2.
 RESULTS: The arrhythmia scores of group B at different time were lower than group A and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The protein and mRNA expression of RyR2 in group A was slightly increased on the first day compared to group B and group C, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). On day 3, 6 and 10, the expression of RyR2 protein and mRNA in group A was dramatically increased compared to group B and group C (P<0.01). 
 CONCLUSION Shuang-huang-lian injection can effectively prevent the arrhythmia caused by aconitine, which is related to suppressing the aconitine-induced RyR2 expression.
Aconitine ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel

Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)in distinguishing the solid solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN).Methods 42 patients with SPN (malignant in 25 and benign in 1 7)who were confirmed by operation,biopsy or follow up after treatment underwent routine chest T1 WI,T2 WI and DWI.The b values were chosen as 300,500,800 and 1 000 s/mm2 ,and the corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)values and the signal intensity (SI)were respectively measured.Results The ADC values and SI of benign and malignant SPNs were gradually reduced with increasing b value.The ADC value between benign and malignant SPNs was statistically significant with b value of 500 s/mm2 (P 500 =0.03 <0.05 ),meanwhile the SI was statistically significant with b values from 300 to 1000 s/mm2 (P 300 <0.001,P 500 =0.03 <0.05,P 800 =0.01 <0.05, P 1 000 =0.02<0.05).Conclusion Both SI and ADC value of DWI play important role in distinguishing benign and malignant SPNs, and the diagnostic efficiency of SI is superior to ADC value.