Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)on apoptosis of Schwann cells(SCs)and its related mechanisms.Methods:The autophagy model was prepared by starvation treatment of RSC96 cells for 12 h,and the expressions of autophagy related proteins LC3 and p62 were detected by Western Blot.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)kits were used to detect the optimal concentration of LBP.RSC96 cells were randomly divided into Control group,Starvation group and Starvation+LBP group.The expressions of autophagy associated pro-teins(LC3,p62)and myelin associated proteins(p75NTR,PMP22,S100β)were detected by Western Blot or immu-nofluorescence staining.Annexin V/PI fluorescence staining was used to detect apoptosis of the cells.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.Western Blot analysis of phosphorylation levels of pathway proteins Erk1/2 and Akt.Results:CCK8 results showed that the viability of damaged RSC96 cells was the best when LBP was 300 μg/ml.Com-pared with Control group,LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I levels in Starvation group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with Starvation group,the proportion of apoptotic and necrotic cells in Starvation+LBP group was significantly de-creased,and the proportion of cells in S and G2/M stages was increased.The expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ,p75NTR,PMP22 and S100β were increased,while the expression levels of autophagy substrate protein p62 were decreased.In-creased expression of pathway protein p-Erk1/2(P＜0.05),while the expression of p-Akt protein decreased slightly.Conclusion:LBP can inhibit the apoptosis of SCs and promote the expression of myelin-related proteins by enhancing autophagy,which is related to the activation of Erk1/2 and/or the inhibition of Akt.

BACKGROUND:At present,many drugs used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome are super-designated drugs,and the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome still faces great challenges.Studies have shown that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can repair ovarian function,but few studies have reported their therapeutic effect on polycystic ovary syndrome. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on polycystic ovary syndrome,and to preliminarily explore the correlation between mitochondrial autophagy and the improvement of polycystic ovary syndrome by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone for 20 days into C57BL/6J mice.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(2×106)were injected through the caudal vein.After treatment,vaginal secretions were collected for 10 consecutive days to detect the estrus cycle of mice.At 2 weeks after treatment,the levels of sex hormones in the peripheral blood of mice,including luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone,were detected by ELISA.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate ovarian histopathology.Finally,mitochondrial autophagy in ovaries was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy,follicles at different stages(primitive follicles,primary follicles,and secondary follicles)appeared in the ovary of polycystic ovary syndrome mice,and luteal tissue could be seen,indicating that ovulation function of mice was effectively improved.(2)Polycystic ovary syndrome mice treated with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells had sex hormone levels.(3)Untreated polycystic ovary syndrome mice were found to be in the estrous stage for a long time,lacking estrous interphase and estrous phase,but after human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy,the estrous cycle returned to a normal level.(4)After treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,the mitochondrial autophagy of polycystic ovary syndrome mice was significantly reduced.(5)The results show that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can effectively improve the symptoms of endocrine disorders and promote ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome mice,which may be related to the inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy.

AIM:To investigate the molecular mechanisms of KG-1 cell proliferation by profiling its responses to various protein kinase inhibitors.METHODS:CCK-8 assay,real time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)and Western-blot were used to detect the effect of various protein kinase inhibitors on KG-1 cell proliferation,the expression levels of mRNA and phosphorylation level of signaling pro-teins in the FGFR1 downstream pathways.RE-SULTS:NVP-BGJ398 and PD173074 effectively in-hibited the proliferation of KG-1 cells,indicative of a crucial role of FGFR downstream signaling.After treatment with FGFR inhibitors,the levels of p-FG-FR1OP2-FGFR1 and p-STAT5 decreased significantly(P<0.001),p-AKT decreased slightly(P<0.05),with-out affecting the p-ERK level(P>0.05).CONCLU-SION:FGFR1OP2-FGFR1 mainly acts on the down-stream STAT5 signaling pathway to promote cell proliferation.Comprehensive protein kinase inhibi-tion analysis is a reliable and direct approach to identify functional drivers of cancer cell prolifera-tion.

The clinical data, laboratory test, and gene mutations were collected from a family with pseudohypoaldosteronism type II(PHA2). The proband, aged 1 year and 7 months, presented with hyperkalemia(6.69 mmol/L; reference range 3.5-5.3 mmol/L), blood pressure of 110/68 mmHg(normal<106/61 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), blood chloride of 111.5 mmol/L(reference 99-110 mmol/L), blood HCO 3- of 17.1 mmol/L(reference 22-29 mmol/L), estimated glomerular filtration rate of 128.5 mL·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1[>90 mL·min -1·(1.73 m 2) -1], and blood renin concentration of 0.30 μIU/mL(reference 4.2-45.6 μIU/mL). The mother and maternal grandfather also exhibited normal renal function with hyperkalemia, hypertension, hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and low renin. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation(c.1685A>G, p. E562G) in exon 7 of the no-lysine kinase 4(WNK4) gene. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide was effective. Literature review comparing this E562G pedigree with other WNK4 variants suggested clinical heterogeneity of WNK4 mutations. For unexplained hyperkalemia, especially with concurrent hypertension, PHA2 should be considered early for genetic screening to prevent misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the status of medical students' sense of school belonging and its relationship with depression and anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods:An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 629 full-time students from 8 medical universities. The 18-item psychological sense of school membership scale (PSSM-18), 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) were used as measurements. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlations between PSSM-18, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the impact of lack of school belonging on depression and anxiety symptoms.Results:The mean score of school belonging was (77.31±14.12), and the detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were 25.97% (423/1 629) and 21.92% (357/1 629), respectively. PSSM-18 score was negatively correlated with PHQ-9 scores ( r=-0.52, P<0.001) and GAD-7 scores ( r= -0.49, P < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, students with low school belongingness had 4.33 times the risk of depression symptoms ( OR=4.33, 95%CI=2.48-7.43) and 5.85 times the risk of anxiety symptoms ( OR= 5.85, 95%CI=3.76-8.15) compared to students with high school belongingness. Conclusion:Lack of school belonging increases the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms. Under the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control, the school should strengthen health education and support services to improve the students' sense of belonging and alleviate their mental health problems.

Objective:To analyze the perioperative clinical characteristics of patients with oral cancer underwent radical resection and flap reconstrution and the nursing managements.Methods:From January 2020 to December 2020, 658 patients with oral cancer underwent radical resection and flap reconstrution in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the elderly group (≥60 years) and the younger group (< 60 years), including 279 cases in the elderly group and 379 cases in the younger group. The perioperative clinical data of the patients were collected, and the perioperative general situation, postoperative complications and influencing factors of complications were analyzed.Results:There were differences between the two groups in the aspects of sex ( χ2 = 12.38, P<0.001), preoperative BMI ( t = 2.43, P = 0.015), smoking history ( χ2 = 18.34, P<0.001), preoperative anesthesia grade ( χ2 = 25.61, P = 0.001), preoperative coexisting disease ( χ2 = 46.97, P<0.001), whether oral floor or tongue cancer ( χ2 = 16.68, P<0.001), whether free flap ( χ2 = 6.81, P = 0.003), operation time ( t = 2.19, P = 0.029), preoperative test index hemoglobin ( t = 4.96, P<0.001), albumin ( t = 5.44, P<0.001), D-dimer( Z = -13.52, P<0.001), calcium levels ( t = 4.07, P<0.001) and postoperative complications ( χ2 = 14.55, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis of postoperative complications showed that the age ( OR = 1.021, 95% CI = 1.005-1.037, P = 0.011), preoperative D-dimer ( OR = 1.219, 95% CI = 1.026-1.447, P = 0.024) and the preoperative coexisting disease ( OR = 1.642, 95% CI = 1.108-2.432, P = 0.013) were the risk factors for the postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis of discharge with tube showed that the age ( OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.003-1.031, P = 0.017), preoperative BMI ( OR = 0.917, 95% CI = 0.873-0.963, P = 0.001), whether oral floor or tongue cancer ( OR = 2.135, 95% CI = 1.475-3.091, P<0.001), and operation time ( OR = 1.220, 95% CI = 1.120-1.328, P<0.001) were the related factors for the discharge with tube. Conclusion:In view of the above risk factors, it is beneficial for the physical and mental recovery of patients to pay attention to preoperative evaluation, make adequate preoperative preparation, postoperative nursing and observation, improve swallowing function training, prepare for discharge, pay attention to continuous nursing, and establish a tertiary hospital-community-family rehabilitation system.

【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of using surface electromyography （SEMG） for the detection of abnormal muscle response （AMR） in patients with hemifacial spasm （HFS）. 【Methods】 We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of HFS patients who underwent microvascular decompression （MVD） in our hospital between June 2019 and December 2020. Patients who received both surface electrode （preoperative） and needle electrode （intraoperative） detection of AMR were included. SEMG recorded from two stimulation-recording sites， namely， zygomatic-mentalis and mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi， was selected for analyzing the characteristics of AMR. The positive rates of AMR detected by these two kinds of electrodes were comprehensively compared. 【Results】 Totally 77 patients were included in this study. When detected with surface electrodes， the positive rate， latency and amplitude of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis oculi were 90.9% （70/77）， （10.87±1.86） ms and （202.8±47.4） μV， and at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi were 92.2% （71/77）， （10.41±1.83） ms and （211.1±54.1） μV， respectively. AMR was detected in 74 patients （96.1%） with surface electrodes. There was no significant difference in positive rate， latency and amplitude of AMR between these two stimulation-recording methods. When detected with needle electrodes， the positive rate of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis oculi was 98.7% （76/77）， which was significantly higher than the rate 89.6% （69/77） recorded at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi （P=0.016）. The latency and amplitude of AMR recorded at zygomatic-mentalis were （10.63±1.39） ms and （83.5±27.2） μV， and at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi were （10.31±1.18） ms and （58.6±21.4） μV. There was no significant difference in latency between the two stimulation-recording methods， but the amplitude recorded at mandibular marginal-orbicularis oculi was significantly lower （P=0.041）. AMR was detected in 76 patients （98.7%） with needle electrodes. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of AMR between surface electrodes and needle electrodes （P=0.500）， the results were moderately consistent （Kappa=0.490， P<0.001）. 【Conclusion】 The detection efficiency of surface electrodes for AMR is similar to that of needle electrode. With its non-invasive characteristic， the surface electrode can be routinely used for electrophysiological evaluation of HFS.

【Objective】 To investigate the unqualified rate of anti-HIV detection of blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and explore the differences in anti-HIV detection ability and influencing factors in each laboratory. 【Methods】 Through filling questionnaires via e-mail, the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate and confirmed (WB) positive results (data) from January to December 2018 from 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were collected. Our laboratory was responsible for data collection and confirmation, and statistics software SPSS22.0 was used for analysis. 【Results】 1) There was a statistically significant difference among the unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA(6.77‱~35.71‱) and confirmed positive rate(0.60‱~3.56‱) in 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (P<0.05); 2) There were significant differencse among the ELISA unqualified rate and the confirmed positive rate of 8 reagents for anti-HIV detection(P<0.01), and the sensitivity of the 4th generation detection reagent and the imported reagent was higher than that of the 3rd generation reagent and the domestic reagent. The anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R5 was the highest (19.08‱). 3)There were significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R1, R2, R3, R5 and R7 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the anti-HIV ELISA unqualified rate of R4, R6 and R8 reagents among different blood station laboratories(P>0.05). 4)The unqualified rate of anti-HIV ELISA of laboratories using different regents showed significant differences(P<0.05), except H, J, M. The unqualified rate of imported reagent was significantly higher than that of domestic reagents of laboratories using imported and domestic reagents combinations(P<0.05), except O. 62.5% (5/8) laboratories using domestic 3^rd and 4^th generation reagent combination showed significant differences in the unqualified rates among different reagents(P<0.05); 5) The positive rate of single-reagent(62.02%~95.45%)in 15 blood screening laboratories showed significant difference(P<0.001), and A was the lowest (62.02%). 【Conclusion】 The anti-HIV detection ability among 15 blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is quite different. The application of different reagents is the main factor for the difference, and other factors such as personnel, instruments and test strategies also has a great impact on the detection of anti-HIV. It is still necessary to promote the process of homogenization of blood testing quality among blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

There are many technical variations and improvements in associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS). Its main purpose is to reduce the incidence of complications and mortality, and at the same time, the future liver remnant compensation can be increased more faster and its function becomes more robust. In clinical practice, different researchers have studied the variation and related clinical results of liver disconnection technique in ALPPS, such as partial hepatectomy, portal vein ligation assisted radio frequency hepatectomy, laparoscopic microwave ablation and portal vein ligation staged hepatectomy, combined liver tourniquet and portal vein ligation staged hepatectomy, continuous combined liver tourniquet and portal vein ligation staged hepatectomy, in situ hepatectomy combined with portal vein embolization via anterior approach and portal vein embolization instead of hepatectomy separation of visceral substance, and so on.

Objective:To investigate the effects of doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded tumor-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs) on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:The extracellular vesicles loaded with Adriamycin (EVs-Dox) were prepared by the method of directly co-incubation. The morphology of EVs-Dox was detected by transmission electron microphotometer. The diameter of EVs-Dox was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of CD63, HSP 70 and TSG 101 in the EVs-Dox. The encapsulation efficiency of EVs-Dox was calculated by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The drug release experiment in vitro was utilized to simulate the drug release of drug-loaded vesicles in vivo. PKH67-labeled EVs-Dox was showed cellular uptake. After treatment with EVs-Dox, MTS assay and flow cytometry assay were conducted to investigate the effects of EVs-Dox on cell proliferation and apoptosis of PLC/PRF/5.Results:The EVs-Dox showed an elliptical double-layer membrane structure of different sizes under transmission electron microscope. The diameter of EVs-Dox was (115.9±5.2) nm.Western blotting data showed high expression of CD 63, HSP 70 and TSG 101 in the EVs-Dox. The encapsulation efficiency of EVs-Dox was 0.77%. The in vitro release experiment showed that the drug-loaded vesicles could release the drug slowly. PKH67-labeled EVs-Dox showed that carcinoma cells can uptake EVs-Dox within 16h. MTS assay showed that the cell viability rate of (54.9±3.2) % was significantly lower than that of in the Dox group [(77.7±5.4)%, P<0.05]. EVs-Dox inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation. Flow cytometry assay showed that the apoptosis rate of EVs-Dox (47.9±7.0) % was higher than that in the Dox group [(38.0±1.5)%, P<0.05]. Conclusion:EVs-Dox inhibits cell proliferation and accelerates apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.