AIM: To investigate the impacts of periocular injection of triamcinolone acetonide on healing effect and inflammatory factor in patients with acute iridocyclitis.METHODS:Totally 90 patients(90 eyes)with acute iridocyclitis, admitted to our hospital between September 2018 and September 2023, were grouped via random number table, including a triamcinolone acetonide group and a control group, each comprising 45 patients(45 eyes). The control group underwent conventional treatment, whereas the triamcinolone acetonide group adopted triamcinolone acetonide through periocular injection. The healing effect, levels of inflammatory cytokines, anterior chamber inflammatory cell scores, keratic precipitates(KP)scores, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), untoward reactions, and relapse rates of the two groups of patients were compared.RESULTS:The triamcinolone acetonide group had significantly higher overall efficacy rate than the control group(P<0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)decreased in both groups at 30 d after treatment, and the levels in the triamcinolone acetonide group were lower(all P<0.05). After treatment for 30 d, the scores of anterior chamber inflammatory cells and KP in both groups decreased, and the scores in the triamcinolone acetonide group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05); the BCVA of both groups improved, and the triamcinolone acetonide group had a better BCVA(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in untoward reactions between the two groups(P=1.000). The relapse rate of the triamcinolone acetonide group was lower than that of the control group(P=0.030).CONCLUSION: Periocular injection of triamcinolone acetonide has obvious healing effects on patients with acute iridocyclitis, and it can alleviate the inflammatory state of patients and reduce the relapse rate of inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy prone to gemcitabine resistance. The single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase (SMUG1), which is responsible for initiating base excision repair, has been reported to predict the outcomes of different cancer types. However, the function of SMUG1 in pancreatic cancer is still unclear. METHODS: Gene and protein expression of SMUG1 as well as survival outcomes were assessed by bioinformatic analysis and verified in a cohort from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Subsequently, the effect of SMUG1 on proliferation, cell cycle, and migration abilities of SMUG1 cells were detected in vitro . DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and gemcitabine resistance were also tested. RNA sequencing was performed to determine the differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways, followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting verification. The cancer-promoting effect of forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) and SMUG1 on the ubiquitylation of myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc) was also evaluated. Finally, a xenograft model was established to verify the results. RESULTS: SMUG1 was highly expressed in pancreatic tumor tissues and cells, which also predicted a poor prognosis. Downregulation of SMUG1 inhibited the proliferation, G1 to S transition, migration, and DNA damage repair ability against gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells. SMUG1 exerted its function by binding with FOXQ1 to activate the Protein Kinase B (AKT)/p21 and p27 pathway. Moreover, SMUG1 also stabilized the c-Myc protein via AKT signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS SMUG1 promotes proliferation, migration, gemcitabine resistance, and c-Myc protein stability in pancreatic cancer via protein kinase B signaling through binding with FOXQ1. Furthermore, SMUG1 may be a new potential prognostic and gemcitabine resistance predictor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/genetics* ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation/physiology* ; Mice ; Uracil-DNA Glycosidase/genetics* ; Female ; Male ; Gemcitabine ; Mice, Nude ; Apoptosis/physiology* ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives* ; Cell Movement/genetics*

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by overwhelmed lipid oxidation, and it has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Enhanced ferroptosis could overcome the limitations of conventional therapeutic modalities, particularly in difficult-to-treat tumors. In this study, we developed a dual-modality therapy in nanomedicine by combining paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy and pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) phototherapy. Heparin (HP) was grafted with poly(N-(2'-hydroxy) propyl methacrylamide) (pHPMA) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to form HP-pHPMA (HH), which was utilized to deliver Ppa and PTX, yielding HP-pHPMA-Ppa (HH-Ppa) and HP-pHPMA-PTX (HH-PTX), respectively. The prodrug-based combinational nanomedicine (HH-PP) was formed by co-assembly of HH-PTX and HH-Ppa. It was found that HH-PP treatment significantly disrupted lipid metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, induced extensive lipid oxidation, and promoted ferroptosis. In vivo, HH-PP intervention achieved a tumor growth inhibition rate of 86.63% and activated adaptive immunity with an elevated CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cell infiltration level. This combinational nanomedicine offers a promising platform for co-delivery of multiple therapeutic agents. It exerts a promising anti-tumor effect via enhanced ferroptosis and ferroptosis-induced immune activation by disrupting lipid metabolism in TNBC cancer cells.

Magnetic stimulation has made significant strides in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, current magnetic stimulation techniques lack the precision to accurately modulate specific nuclei and cannot realize deep brain magnetic stimulation. To address this, we utilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as mediators to achieve precise targeting and penetration. We investigated the effects of magnetic fields with varying frequencies on neuronal activity and compared the activation effects on neurons using a 10-Hz precise magneto-stimulation system (pMSS) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in mice. Oxytocin levels, dendritic morphology and density, and mouse behavior were measured before and after pMSS intervention. Our findings suggest that pMSS can activate oxytocinergic neurons, leading to upregulation of oxytocin secretion and neurite outgrowth. As a result, sociability was rapidly improved after a one-week pMSS treatment regimen. These results demonstrate a promising magneto-stimulation method for regulating neuronal activity in deep brain nuclei and provide a promising therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorder.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods* ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Mice ; Oxytocin/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology*

Objective:To learn about the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with brucellosis, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis in children.Methods:Clinical data of children with brucellosis (aged ≤14 years) who visited the Department of Infectious Diseases at Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected, and their epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment and outcome were summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 34 children with brucellosis were included, including 25 males (73.53%) and 9 females (26.47%), with a gender ratio of 2.78 ∶ 1.00. The median age was 8 years and 1 month, mainly in the age group of 6 to 14 years (19 cases, 55.88%). Epidemiological investigation showed that most of the affected children were rural residents (25 cases, 73.53%), with more contact with cattle/sheep (26 cases, 76.47%). The onset time was mainly concentrated in summer (15 cases, 44.12%) and spring (13 cases, 38.24%). The clinical symptoms were mainly fever (97.06%, 33/34) and arthralgia (64.71%, 22/34). In the laboratory tests, 25 cases (73.53%) had positive blood cultures, and the white blood cell count (WBC) of 30 cases (88.24%) was (4 - 10) × 10 9/L. Among the abnormalities of liver function, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased in 19 cases (55.88%), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased in 14 cases (41.18%) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) increased in 6 cases (17.65%). Among the myocardial enzymatic abnormalities, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) increased in 29 cases (85.29%), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in 27 cases (79.41%), and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) increased in 8 cases (23.53%). After treatment, 25 children with positive blood culture turned negative. Conclusions:Children with brucellosis are mainly male, older and rural residents. The clinical manifestations are mainly fever and arthralgia. Doctors in relevant departments should conduct detailed epidemiological investigations and laboratory tests for such children in clinical work, in order to achieve early detection, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric brucellosis.

Objective To observe the value of residual neural network(ResNet)-101-feature pyramid network(FPN)model based on CT for differentiating benign and malignant lung nodules.Methods Totally 2 040 lung nodules in 2 000 patients were retrospectively enrolled,including 1 150 benign and 890 malignant nodules.The nodules were divided into training set(n=1 632)and test set(n=408)at the ratio of 8∶2,the former including 881 benign and 751 malignant ones,while the latter including 269 benign and 139 malignant ones,respectively.Taken ResNet-101 as the backbone network,combined with FPN,a classification model was established based on chest CT,and the efficiency of this model alone and combined with evaluation of physicians for differentiating benign and malignant lung nodules were evaluated.Results Among 269 benign lung nodules in test set,ResNet-101-FPN model alone correctly diagnosed 214 nodules(214/269,79.55%),while combined with evaluation of physicians correctly diagnosed 230 ones(230/269,85.50%).For 139 malignant nodules in test set,ResNet-101-FPN model alone correctly diagnosed 124 nodules(124/139,89.21%),while combined with evaluation of physicians correctly diagnosed 131 ones(131/139,94.24%).The sensitivity,accuracy and precision of ResNet-101-FPN model combined with evaluation of physicians for distinguishing benign and malignant lung nodules were all higher,while the specificity of the combination was lower than those of ResNet-101-FPN model alone,but the differences were not significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion ResNet-101-FPN model could be used to distinguish benign and malignant lung nodules based on CT.Combining with evaluation of physicians could improve diagnostic efficiency of this model.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of prurigo nodularis (PN) in the real world.Methods:PN patients who were subcutaneously injected with dupilumab for over 12 weeks were collected from the China Type Ⅱ Inflammatory Skin Disease Clinical Research and Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Project Database from June 2021 to October 2022. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, which included demographic data, and changes in pruritus numeric rating scale (NRS), investigator global assessment for PN-Stage (IGA PN-S), dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) scores before and after treatment. Differences in scores before and after treatment, as well as in efficacy between patients with and without a history of atopic diseases, were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, paired t-test or chi-square test. Results:A total of 66 PN patients were collected, including 42 males and 24 females, and they were aged 8 to 89 (44.12 ± 24.17) years. Thirty-six patients had a history of atopic diseases, and 27 had a family history of atopic diseases. After 12-week treatment with dupilumab, the pruritus NRS, IGA PN-S and DLQI scores in the 66 patients significantly decreased from the baseline scores (7.00 [5.00, 8.00], 3.00 [3.00, 4.00], 12.00 [7.75, 20.25], respectively) to 3.00 [2.00, 4.25], 2.00 [2.00, 3.00], 5.00 [1.75, 8.25], respectively (all P < 0.001). Among the 66 patients, 39 continued the regular treatment with dupilumab after 12 weeks and were followed up to 16 weeks; their pruritus NRS and IGA PN-S scores at week 16 further decreased compared with those at week 12 (both P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients showing an improvement of ≥ 4 points in the NRS score or the proportion of patients achieving IGA 0/1 at week 12 between the patients with history of atopic diseases and those without (both P > 0.05). Before treatment, 32 PN patients were accompanied by mild to severe anxiety and/or depression; after 12-week treatment, the HADS-A scores in the 28 patients with anxiety (HADS-A scores > 7 points) and the HADS-D scores in the 20 patients with depression (HADS-D scores > 7 points) significantly decreased compared with their baseline scores (both P < 0.001) ; 18 (56.52%) patients achieved remission in anxiety and depression (both HADS-A and HADS-D scores < 7 points). Among the 66 PN patients, there were 13 minor patients, including 7 males and 6 females, and they were aged 8 to 17 (13.77 ± 3.09) years; after 12-week treatment, their pruritus NRS, IGA PN-S, and DLQI scores significantly decreased compared with the corresponding baseline scores (all P < 0.05) ; 8 minor patients continued dupilumab treatment for 16 weeks, with a further decrease in the IGA PN-S score compared with that at week 12 ( P < 0.05), but without significant differences between the pruritus NRS and DLQI scores at week 16 and those at week 12 (both P > 0.05). Adverse reactions were observed in 7 adult patients, including eye pruritus, local injection reactions, and systemic erythema accompanied by pruritus on the day of injection. No adverse reactions were reported in minor patients. Conclusion:In the real world, dupilumab could markedly alleviate pruritus, skin lesions, anxiety and depression symptoms in PN, improve the quality of life, and exhibited a good safety profile.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-EXO) on the postoperative cognitive function and silent infomation regulator 1 (SIRT1)/ nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in aged mice.Methods:BMSCs-EXO were isolated by differential centrifugation method and then identified. Twenty healthy male C57BL/6 aged mice, aged 18 months, weighing 35-40 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=5 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), operation group (O group), BMSCs-EXO group and EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor)group. The abdomen regions were shaved for sterilization without exploratory laparotomy in Sham group. Exploratory laparotomy was performed in O group. BMSCs-EXO 50 μg was injected through the tail vein at 1 h before surgery in BMSCs-EXO group. EX527 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected daily at 1-3 days before surgery, and BMSCs-EXO 50 μg was injected through the tail vein at 1 h before surgery in EX527 group. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability for 5 consecutive days staring from the 1st day after surgery. Mice were sacrificed at 1 h after the end of Morris water maze test on day 5 after surgery, and the hippocampal tissues were collected for observation of the pathological changes of hippocampal CA1 region and for determination of the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β mRNA (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and SIRT1 and NF-κB p65 (by Western blot). Results:Compared with Sham group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the times of original platform crossing were decreased, the swimming time spent in the original platform quadrant was shortened, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β mRNA was up-regulated, the SIRT1 expression was down-regulated, the NF-κB p65 expression was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of hippocampal tissues in CA1 region were found in O group. Compared with O group, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the times of original platform crossing were increased, the swimming time spent in the original platform quadrant was prolonged, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA was down-regulated, the expression of SIRT1 was up-regulated, the expression of NF-κB p65 was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of hippocampal tissues in CA1 region were significantly attenuated in BMSCs-EXO group ( P<0.05). Compared with BMSCs-EXO group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the times of original platform crossing were decreased, the swimming time spent in the original platform quadrant was shortened, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA was up-regulated, the SIRT1 expression was down-regulated, the NF-κB p65 expression was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of hippocampal tissues in CA1 region were accentuated in EX527 group. Conclusions:BMSCs-EXO can improve the postoperative cognitive function in aged mice, and the mechanism may be associated with the activation of SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To identify the chemical components of Changtong oral liquid （CTOL），and to provide reference for the basic research and secondary development of its pharmacological substances. METHODS UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS technique was adopted. CTOL sample was separated on a Hypersil Gold column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid （containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate）-acetonitrile （gradient elution）. The eluent was detected in positive and negative ion modes using an electrospray ionization source. The data was processed by Xcalibur 4.3 and Compound Discoverer 3.3 software. The primary and secondary mass spectra data of each compound were collected. The unknown compounds were identified according to the mass spectrometry library of the instrument and the network databases mzCloud，mzVault，etc. Through matching with the pharmacology database and analysis platform of the traditional Chinese medicine system，the chemical components could be attributed to the traditional Chinese medicine. RESULTS Fifty-three chemical components were identified and analyzed from CTOL，such as 24 flavonoids，8 quinones，5 phenylpropanoids，4 sugars and glycosides，5 organic acids，3 amino acids，1 alkaloid，1 phenolic and 2 other compounds. Among them，12 components were derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza，9 from Citrus aurantium，7 from Rheum palmatum，4 from Angelica sinensis，1 from Magnolia officinalis，16 from Glycyrrhiza uralensis，and 4 from many kinds of medicinal materials. CONCLUSIONS CTOL mainly contains flavonoids，quinones and phenylpropanoid compounds，and its chemical components mainly come from G. uralensis，S. miltiorrhiza and C. aurantium.

In more than half a century of the development of bariatric metabolic surgery, a variety of classic surgical methods have been formulated. However, the improvement and innovation of bariatric metabolic surgery has never stopped. The replacement of new and old surgical methods in clinical application and development reflects the vitality and progress in the field of bariatric metabolic surgery, and also promotes the development of bariatric metabolic surgery to the best balance between benefits and risks. In the early stages, studies in metabolic surgery are more inclined to confirm the efficacy, safety and mechanism of classical procedures. In recent years, metabolic surgeons around the world have become more inclined to focus on the exploration and innovation of new procedures. In addition, the improvement of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch and the sleeve gastrectomy plus procedures have gradually become hot spots for surgical innovation. However, the new techniques are diverse, scattered and partially overlapping. The authors make a comment on this content, in order to provide assistance to clinical and scientific research.