Growth stimulating gene 2 (ST2) protein is a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family. It is mainly divided into a soluble secreted form sST2 and a transmembrane form ST2L. sST2 is a decoy receptor that competitively binds to interleukin-33 to block the interleukin-33/ST2L signaling pathway, worsening myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ventricular dysfunction. Measuring sST2 is of important value for diagnosis and/or prognosis evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. This paper mainly reviews the research progress in the relationship between cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, coronary heart disease, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, acute aortic dissection, and pulmonary hypertension, and sST2.

Objective To study the possible mechanism of hearing impairment after noise exposure .Methods Adult SD rats (n=14) were monaurally exposed to a loud noise (16 kHz ,one octave band pass (116 dB SPL)) for 1-hour ,or left as non-exposed controls (n=8) .The ABR was measured before and on the 7th day following unilateral noise exposure .All the Animals were euthanased at 7th day following acoustic trauma .We used Western blots to quantify protein levels of PV ,CR and CB in the inferior colliculus .Results The auditory thresholds in 8 , 12 ,16 ,20 ,24 ,and 32 kHz of all the ears exposed to noise showed a significant increase (P<0 .001) .Compared to the sham -exposed controls ,noise-exposed animals had significantly higher levels of PV and CR and lower levels of CB in both the ipsilateral and contralateral IC than controls (P<0 .05) .Respectively ,all the noise-exposed ani-mals had higher levels of PV and CR in the ipsilateral IC than ipsilateral side (P<0 .05) .Conclusion These studies display a significant threshold shift and changes on the expressions of PV ,CR and CB in IC following acoustic trau-ma ,which may be related to noise deafness ,tinnitus and other series of auditory dysfunction .

Objective To study the incidence and duration of residual dizziness after successful repositioning treatment in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) and the clinical factors associated with the residual dizziness.Methods A total of 202 cases of confirmed BPPV patients,61 males and 141 females with the average age of 54.78± 13.71 years old,were followed up for 2 months after successful particle repositioning.The incidence and duration of residual dizziness were analyzed.The risk factors for residual dizziness were analyzed by logistic regression.Results A total of 202 cases of confirmed BPPV were included in this study,and 113 cases complained of residual dizziness.Over the time,residual dizziness disappeared gradually.The differences of the age,the duration of vertigo before treatment,recurrent,and underlying diseases between the two group were significant (P ＜0.05),while the side,the gender,the incubation period of BPPV,the duration time of BPPV,and the types of canals were not associated with the residual dizziness(P＞0.05).The logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of vertigo before treatment and the age were the risk factors for residual dizziness.Conclusion More than half of the patients included in this study complained of residual dizziness after particle repositioning,and the symptoms disappeared naturally.The duration of vertigo before treatment and the age were the risk factors for residual dizziness.

Objective: To explore sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor2 (RyR 2) expression and calcium releasing function in chronic heart failure (CHF) rabbits and to study the impact of long term valsartan treatment in relevant animals. Methods: HF model was established by volume overloading with pressure overloading in experimental rabbits. 27 rabbits were divided into 3 groups: Sham group, HF group and HF+valsartan group. n=9 in each group and the animals were treated for 7 weeks. Left ventricular structure, hemodynamic parameters, expression and functional changes of myocardiocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 were observed and compared among different groups. Results: Compared with Sham group, HF group had increased left ventricular mess index (LVMI), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction, LVEF, all P<0.05. Compared with HF group, HF+valsartan group showed decreased LVMI, LVEDP and increased left ventricular shortening fraction, LVEF, all P<0.05. Sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 expression and calcium releasing function were lower in HF group than Sham group, P<0.05; while they were both higher in HF+valsartan group than HF group, P<0.05. Conclusion: Long term application of valsartan could improve the cardiac function which might be related to increased myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 expression and calcium releasing function in experimental CHF rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation and analyze the characteristics of balance function in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to find out the importance of proprioception, vision and vestibular in postural control. METHOD: All subjects were divided into two groups, 37 normal individuals, 33 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All were assessed by computerized posturography under six upright stance.conditions: including standing on the firm surface and foam with eyes open and closed. RESULT: (1) On anteroposterior,the scores of proprioception, vision and vestibular were 93.96 ± 7.95, 80.22 ± 16.24, 70.87 ± 20.99, the normal were 98.00 ± 2.18, 91.44 ± 6.01, 80.44 ± 7.81. There were significances between diabetes mellitus group and normal control group (P < 0.05) respectively. (2) On lateral, the scores of vision and vestibular were 80.39 ± 12.60, 73.96 ± 16.04, and the normal were 92.11 ± 4.50, 83.18 ± 9.45. There were significances with P < 0.05 between diabetes mellitus group and normal control group. However, there was no obvious difference in proprioception scores between the two groups. (3) The limit of stability of normal group were (176.47 ± 44.13) mm²; diabetic group was (143.13 ± 62.30) mm². There was statistical significance between the group with P < 0.05. (In diabetic patients, there was no significant difference between the no dizziness group and the dizziness group of the scores of proprioceptive, visual, vestibular as well as stable limits, P > 0.05. CONCLUSION The balance function of patients with type 2 diabetes decreased. It is the main characteristic that the vision and vestibular decreased more significantly in the postural control.
Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Dizziness ; complications ; Humans ; Postural Balance ; Proprioception ; Vertigo ; complications ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiopathology ; Vision, Ocular

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the practical application of fluorescence quantitative reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the live-attenuated mumps vaccine manufacturing. METHODS:A regression equation of standard titer-ct value was established;micro cytopathic effect(micro-CPE)and fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR were respectively adopted for the titer of 10 batches of single harvest liquid of live-attenuated mumps vaccine and end products,and the results were compared. RESULTS:According to the t-test analysis,the P were respectively 0.743 and 0.868,and the average val-ues were in the range of (-0.174,0.094) and (-0.113,0.153),with no significant differences. They were similar. CONCLU-SIONS:Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR can be used for the titer detection of single harvest liquid and end products in the pro-cess of live-attenuated mumps vaccine manufacturing. And it is expected to further upgrade to Chinese Pharmacopoeia method.

Objective: To explore the changes of protein expression and activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II) in myocardium nucleus and sarcoplasmic reticulum in experimental rabbits with heart failure (HF).
Methods: A total of 16 rabbits were divided into 2 groups: Sham group and HF group, the HF model was established by volume overload plus pressure overload.n=8 in each group and all animals were treated for 7 weeks. Left ventricular structure, hemodynamic parameters and protein expression and activity of CaMK-II in myocardium nucleus and sarcoplasmic reticulum were examined and compared between 2 groups.
Results: Compared with Sham group, HF group presented increased left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (1.32 ± 0.06) g/kg vs (3.61 ± 0.09) g/kg, LVEDP (-1.50 ± 0.50) mmHg vs (23.00 ± 2.37) mmHg, allP<0.05; while decreased left ventricular shorten fraction (37.83 ± 3.58) % vs (17.38 ± 3.13) % and LVEF (71.92 ± 4.56) % vs (38.50 ± 6.07) %, allP<0.05. The protein expression and activity of CaMK-II were both higher in HF group than Sham group, allP<0.05.
Conclusion: Increased protein expression and activity of CaMK-II in myocardium nucleus and sarcoplasmic reticulum might be one of the mechanisms for HF occurrence in experimental rabbits.

Objective To assessment the effect of autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy approach surgical technique during cochlear implantation in a ‐dults .Methods A total of 58 adults patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss accepted cochlear implantation from January 2010 and June 2014 ,which were using autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy de‐fect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy approach surgical technique .By observing postoperation complica‐tion the effect of surgery was evaluated .ABR were obtained for each patients at first ,third and sixth month after op‐eration .The patients which were not using autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect via transmastoid and posterior tympanotomy proach surgical technique acted as control group .Results No depression was found in the postauricuhtr site .None of the patients had experienced any immediate or delayed postoperative in ‐fection complication such as wound infection ,post - auricular abscess ,acute otitis media ,chronic otitis media ,in‐tracranial complication and necrotic of cortical bone .Autologous cortical bone cap had grew together with remnant cortical bone in all cochlear implantation patients .All implanted processor were in a good position ,all patients had good results after turning on the implant .The ABR thresholds were elevated about 70 dB compare to pre - operation values(P< 0 .05) .There was no significant difference compare to control group (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The tech‐nique of autologous mastoid cortical bone to cover the mastoidetomy defect in cochlear implantation surgery can pre ‐vent depression of the postauricuhtr site ,remain stability of the implanted processor ,and have a good aided hearing thresholds after operation .

Objective To assess of feasibility and effectiveness about clinic skill test in the five clinical examination. Methods In our hospital, 23 medical students of 2006 grade seven-year systerm were divided into group A and group B. After clinical practice, the theory test and five clinical examination were completed in both groups, and group A un-derwent clinical skills competition, the results were taken for two independent samples t test, set α=0.05. Group A was taken the practical examination and clinical skills competition, results were taken for two related samples t test, set α=0.05. Results Group A had successful completion in practical assessment and five clinical examination. The results of theory test and five clinical examination had no significant difference in two groups (P>0.05), and clinical skills com-petition results had significantly difference in two groups (P=0.001). In group A, practical assessment and clinical skills competition results had no significantly difference(P>0.05). Conclusion The five clinical examination and practi-cal examination is applicable, which constitute "5+X" pattern. Through the practical examination, can promote the clinic skill of medical students.