PCOS is a highly prevalent disease in modern women of gestational age, characterized by infertility. Prevention before onset has been a key focus of national efforts in recent years. This article explored the prevention and treatment plan for polycystic ovary syndrome based on the three-level prevention theory of Academician Wang Qi. Primary prevention: control pathogenic risk factors; secondary prevention: precise screening and life intervention to prevent the formation of dangerous constitution; third level prevention: differentiation of body-differentiation of disease-differentiation of syndrome to achieve the goal of three-level prevention. In the prevention and treatment of PCOS, pre-disease prevention, post disease prevention and cure are tried to achieve, which could provide a truly effective, easy to operate, and applicable three-level prevention and treatment plan for a large population in clinical response to PCOS.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of surface electromyography (sEMG) of muscles in stroke patients with lower limb spasticity. MethodsFrom October, 2016 to July, 2020, a total of 32 stroke patients with hemiplegia and eleven healthy subjects (control group) were selected. The patients were divided into modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) 0 group (n = 13), MAS 1 group (n = 10) and MAS 1⁺ group (n = 9). All the groups were subjected to isokinetic passive movement at baseline, 90°/s, 150°/s, 210°/s and 270°/s, respectively. sEMG signals of rectus femoris muscle and lateral head of quadriceps femoris muscle including root mean square (RMS) and integrated electromyography (iEMG) were collected synchronically during isokinetic passive movement. ResultsThere was no significant difference in RMS and iEMG among baseline and the four angular velocities in the control group and MAS 0 group (P > 0.05). The RMS and iEMG of MAS 1 group at 270°/s were significantly different from baseline and the other angular velocities (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was found among the other velocities (P > 0.05). The RMS and iEMG of MAS 1⁺ group were significantly different among baseline and the four angular velocities (P < 0.05). ConclusionRMS and iEMG varies with angular velocity in hemiplegic patients with different muscle tension levels. In patients with the same muscle tension level, the changes of RMS and iEMG with angular velocity are consistent. RMS and iEMG can reflect the degree of spasm. The quantitative evaluation of spasm by sEMG in isokinetic passive movement mode is highly feasible and worthy of further clinical research and promotion.

Telomere is one of the basic functional elements for maintaining genome stability. Telomeres can become shorter due to cell divisions and environmental factors. Critically shortened telomeres eventually lead to cellular replicative senescence. Telomere length is an important parameter of telomere function, which determines the stability of chromosomes and the ability of cell proliferation. Currently multiple methods have been developed for the analysis of telomere length, including terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), single telomere length analysis (STE-LA), telomere shortest length assay (TeSLA) and telomere length combing assay (TCA) based on DNA, as well as quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) based on cellular levels. Different analysis methods are applied to obtain different telomere relevant variables. In the review, we discuss the principle and application advantages of each telomere length analysis, which may help researchers select an optimal assessment approach to better address specific research questions about telomere in either model organisms or humans.

Objective: To understand the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in residents aged 35-75 years in eastern China, analyze the treatment mode for antihypertensive agents while identifying those factors affecting awareness, treatment and control. Methods: The data collected in eastern China from the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) Million Persons Project were used to obtain the information about the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the residents and the antihypertensive medication treatment mode in this area. Multilevel mixed-effects model was used to explore the association of the demographic characteristics of hypertension patients with the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. Results: A total of 640 539 participants aged 35-75 years, mean age (56.9±9.6) years, were included in the analysis, women accounted for 59.7% and 318 741 (49.8%) of the participants suffered from hypertension. Among those hypertensive patients, 46.5% were aware of their condition, 38.1% were taking prescribed antihypertensive medications, and 11.1% had achieved the control of hypertension, the differences were significant among provinces, between urban area and rural area and among different demographical groups. Calcium-channel blockers was the most commonly used medication (45.1%), and 78 735 hypertension patients (86.2%) took only one type of medication. Older age, higher household income, higher level of education, and histories of myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes were associated with higher awareness, treatment and control of hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusions The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were low in residents in eastern China. The differences in hypertension management were significant among provinces and between urban area and rural area. Further efforts are needed to enhance the system of hypertension prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND:Distal femoral fractures are mainly treated with less invasive stabilization system (LISS) plate or retrograde interlocking intramedul ary nail fixation, but choosing which method is controversial, and studies on their biomechanical properties are few. OBJECTIVE:To compare the biomechanical stability of retrograde interlocking intramedul ary nail and LISS plate fixation in the treatment of distal femoral fractures. METHODS:Twelve male cadaveric femurs were col ected, and the injured, with abnormal bone density and osteonosus specimens were excluded through X-ray examination, fol owed by randomly divided into two groups. Models of AO type A3 supracondylar fracture were prepared, and were fixed with LISS plate and retrograde interlocking intramedul ary nail, respectively. The compressive stiffness and displacement values under axial compression and loading of 100, 300 and 500 N, as wel as the bending strength of the specimens under bending load were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The resistance to axial deformation capacity (compressive stiffness) of the LISS plate was superior to the retrograde interlocking intramedul ary nail (P<0.05);while the resistance to bending deformation capacity (flexural strength) of the retrograde interlocking intramedul ary nail was not significantly greater than that of the LISS plate (P>0.05). (2) Under axial compressive loading of 100, 300 and 500 N, the displacement values of LISS plate were significantly less than those of the retrograde interlocking intramedul ary nail (P<0.05). (3) In conclusion, in the distal femoral fracture fixation, the stiffness of the retrograde interlocking intramedul ary nail is low. While the LISS plate not only has certain deformation, but also has strong rigidity with firm internal fixation, which provides excel ent biological environment for fracture healing;thus it is a reliable treatment for distal femoral fractures.

This paper was aimed to study the method of rapid determination of total flavonoids in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The Chrysanthemum was dried by three different processes. The three methods were directly drying, drying after steamed and drying after fry, respectively. The determination of total flavonoids in Chrysanthemum by different processing methods was produced by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Collecting the NIRS spectra of Chrysanthemum, the quantitative analysis model of total flavonoids content in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods was established by partial least square (PLS) and the model was validated. The correlation coefficient (R2), the root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.996 19, 0.104 and 0.168, respectively. The correlation coefficient of predication (r) was 0.979 3 which state that the prediction was accurate. The method of NIRS had the advantage of fast determination, simple operation and high accuracy of prediction, and could be used for rapid determination of total flavonoids content in Chrysanthemum of different processing methods.

Objective: To elucidate the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism of CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane member 5 ( CMTM5 ) gene rs723840 and the occurrence of high on aspirin platelet reactivity ( HAPR) . Methods:The present study is a case-control study. A total of 210 hospitalized patients in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. Aspirin response was assessed by 0. 5 g/L arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation ratio (PR), and ≥3/4 quartile of PR of the population was defined as HAPR. Accordingly all the enrolled 210 coronary artery diseases ( CAD) patients were divided into HAPR group and No-HAPR group. The genotypes were determined by poly-merase chain reaction ( PCR) and sequencing analysis for rs723840 of CMTM5 gene. Results:The geno-type frequencies in rs723840 C>T of CMTM5 gene conformed well to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both HAPR group and No-HAPR group. Between the two groups, the genotypes frequencies in HAPR and No-HAPR groups were 48 . 4%, 51 . 6%, 0 . 0% and 73 . 7%, 22 . 9%, 0 . 034%, respectively ( P=0. 004). The C, T allele frequencies were significantly different in the two groups (P =0. 031,OR =0 . 501 , 95%CI:0 . 264-0 . 947 ) . Conclusion:Our study finds a significant correlation between CMTM5 gene rs723840 polymorphism and high on aspirin platelet reactivity.

Objective:To elucidate the correlation between urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 ( 11 dhTxB2 ) and clinical efficacy of aspirin treatment in patients with type 2 diabete and coronary artery disease ( CAD) . Methods:In this prospective cohort study, 169 aged patients with type 2 diabete accom-panying CAD in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. The level of urinary 11dhTxB2 was detec-ted using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Low aspirin response or high on aspirin platelet reactivity (HAPR) was defined as urinary 11dhTxB2>1 500 ng/g. All the included patients were divided into two groups based on the results, HAPR group and No-HAPR group. Results:Baseline urinary 11dhTxB2 of the patients with type 2 diabete accompanying CAD was ( 3 687 ± 3 052 ) ng/g, while the urinary 11dhTxB2 was (1 954 ± 859) ng/g in patients after 100 mg/d aspirin treatment (P<0. 001). Preva-lence of HAPR in patients with type 2 diabete accompanying CAD were 32 . 5%. Within a mean follow-up time of 12 months, the outcomes occurred more frequently in HAPR group than in No-HAPR group ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion:Urinary 11 dhTxB2 can be recognized as an effective indicator in evaluating aspirin clinical efficacy of patients with type 2 diabete accompanying CAD.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To rapidly determine the content of bornyl acetate in amomum villosum by near?infrared spectros-copyNIRS.METHODS The content of bornyl acetate in 101 amomum villosum was determined by GC.The quantitative a-nalysis model of bornyl acetate in amomum villosum was established by collecting near?infrared spectra combined with partial least squaresPLS.RESULTS The correlation coefficientsR2 the root?mean?square error of calibrationRMSEC and the root?mean?square error of cross?validation RMSECV of the quantitative calibration model of bornyl acetate were 0.992 590.014 5 and 0.071 4the root?mean?square error of prediction RMSEP was 0.016 7.CONCLUSION NIRS is simple and accuratewhich can be used for rapid determination of bornyl acetate in amomum villosum.