【Objective】 To clarify the concept of health literacy among children and adolescents with accidental injuries through literature review and analysis. 【Methods】 A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, VIP database, China Biomedical literature database, PubMed, CINAHL, and PscyINFO database. The literature was analyzed using Rodgers′ evolutionary concept analysis method. 【Results】 A total of 56 articles were included. The health literacy of children and adolescents with accidental injuries comprised three conceptual attributes:cognition, emotion and behavior. The influencing factors included children′s demographic factors, family and school related factors and social related factors. The result can be beneficial to reduce the occurrence of injury events, save family economic expenditure and alleviate the burden on social medical resources. However, there is currently a lack of specific measurement tools for assessing health literacy in this population, as the existing evaluation items are drawn from general health literacy scales. 【Conclusions】 The concept of health literacy among children and adolescents with accidental injuries is multifaceted and evolving. Future research should focus on exploring the characteristics of health literacy among children and adolescents of different ages and regions from their own perspectives. Additionally, efforts should be made to refine the concept and develop specialized measurement tools to facilitate further studies in this area.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new combination treatment of vinorelbine and pyrotinib in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and provide higher level evidence for clinical practice. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm, phase 2 trial conducted at three institutions in China. Patients with HER2-positive MBC, who had previously been treated with trastuzumab plus a taxane or trastuzumab plus pertuzumab combined with a chemotherapeutic agent, were enrolled between March 2020 and December 2021. All patients received pyrotinib 400 mg orally once daily plus vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 intravenously or 60-80 mg/m2 orally on day 1 and day 8 of 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints included the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival, and safety. Results: A total of 39 patients were enrolled. All patients had been pretreated with trastuzumab and 23.1% (n=9) of them had accepted trastuzumab plus pertuzumab. The median follow-up time was 16.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3 to 27.2), and the median PFS was 6.4 months (95% CI, 4.0 to 8.8). The ORR was 43.6% (95% CI, 27.8% to 60.4%) and the DCR was 84.6% (95% CI, 69.5% to 94.1%). The median PFS of patients with versus without prior pertuzumab treatment was 4.6 and 8.3 months (p=0.017). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea (28.2%), neutrophil count decreased (15.4%), white blood cell count decreased (7.7%), vomiting (5.1%), and anemia (2.6%). Conclusion Pyrotinib plus vinorelbine showed promising efficacy and tolerable toxicity as second-line treatment in patients with HER2-positive MBC.

The effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy is limited in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression increased in liver tumor cells in early HCC, and Akkermansia muciniphila abundance decreased in the colon. The response to anti-PD-1 treatment is associated with A. muciniphila abundance in many tumors. However, the interaction between A. muciniphila abundance and YAP1 expression remains unclear in HCC. Here, anti-PD-1 treatment decreased A. muciniphila abundance in the colon, but increased YAP1 expression in the tumor cells by mice with liver tumors in situ. Mechanistically, hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout (Yap1^LKO) maintained bile acid homeostasis in the liver, resulting in an increased abundance of A. muciniphila in the colon. Yap1 knockout enhanced anti-PD-1 efficacy. Therefore, YAP1 inhibition is a potential target for increasing A. muciniphila abundance to promote anti-PD-1 efficacy in liver tumors. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), acting as YAP1 inhibitor, increased A. muciniphila abundance to sensitize anti-PD-1 therapy. A. muciniphila by gavage increased the number and activation of CD8⁺ T cells in liver tumor niches during DHA treatment or combination with anti-PD-1. Our findings suggested that the combination anti-PD-1 with DHA is an effective strategy for liver tumor treatment.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the down-regulation expression of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) in proliferating hepatocytes and the response to antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.Methods:Sixty-eight hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB patients admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2011 to March 2015 were included. Basic information and laboratory data were collected. Based on the baseline (before antiviral treatment) inflammatory activity (G), the patients were divided into ≤G2 group and >G2 group. Twelve liver puncture tissue samples were selected from each group for NTCP and Ki67 immunofluorescence staining.The proportion of Ki67-positive cells was calculated, and the staining of NTCP was scored. Five pairs of tissue specimens of patients who had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were diagnosed with focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and underwent nodular resection surgery from March 2014 to March 2017 were collected.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of Ki67, NTCP and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in each tissue specimen, and the proportion of staining positive cells or the staining intensity was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test or Spearman correlation analysis. Results:The proportion of Ki67-positive cells (6.75%(6.20%, 8.16%))in five liver FNH tissues with HBV infection was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-FNH tissues (0.75%(0.66%, 1.20%)), while the immunohistochemical scores of NTCP and HBsAg (3.00 (1.00, 3.00) and 2.00 (1.00, 2.00), respectively) were both significantly lower than those in adjacent non-FNH tissues (8.00 (8.00, 9.00) and 8.00 (6.00, 8.00), respectively), the differences were all statistically significant ( Z=-2.611, -2.424 and -2.635, respectively, P=0.009, 0.015 and 0.008, respectively). There were 37 patients in >G2 group, and 31 patients in ≤G2 group. After six months of antiviral treatment, CHB patients with persistent inflammation in >G2 group obtained a better virological response, with serum HBV DNA and HBeAg showing a greater decline ((0.71±0.14) lg IU/mL and (0.92±0.13) lg IU/mL, respectively) than those in ≤G2 group ((0.54±0.30) lg IU/mL and (0.49±0.65) lg IU/mL, respectively) ( Z=-3.048 and -2.666, respectively, P=0.002 and 0.008, respectively). The proportion of Ki67-positive cells in the specimens of >G2 group (4.34%(1.84%, 8.77%)) was significantly higher than that of ≤G2 group (0.34%(0, 0.80%)) ( Z=-3.640, P<0.01), and the immunohistochemical staining score of NTCP (1.00 (0, 3.25)) was significantly lower than that of ≤G2 group (6.00 (4.00, 8.00)) ( Z=-3.012, P=0.003). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the NTCP immunohistochemical score was negatively correlated with the proportion of Ki67-positive cells ( r=-0.512, P=0.01). Conclusions:CHB patients with persistent inflammationare often accompanied by more active hepatocyte proliferation and low membrane NTCP expression, which is not conducive to HBV reinfection. It may facilitate these patients to obtain better virological response.

Objective: To establish and evaluate diagnostic efficacy and applicability of serum Golgi protein (GP) 73 based non-invasive diagnostic model with other conventional serological indicators for compensated stage hepatitis B cirrhosis. Methods: 666 cases with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who had visited to the Fifth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2010 to December 2017 were selected as the study subjects, and were classified according to compensated stage cirrhosis into clinical and pathological diagnosis group based on whether or not the liver histological examination was performed. A diagnostic model of compensated stage hepatitis B cirrhosis in the clinical diagnosis group was established. The current clinically used diagnostic model of liver cirrhosis, aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index (FIB)-4 and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were compared. Eventually, the diagnostic model was verified step by step by pathological diagnosis group. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of GP73 and APRI, FIB-4, and LSM for cirrhosis patients in the clinical diagnosis group were 0.842, 0.857, 0.864, and 0.832, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of the four indicators were of similar (P value > 0.05). A diagnostic model of compensated stage hepatitis B cirrhosis (GAPA) using logistic regression analysis was established: LogitP = 1/ [1 + exp (1.614-0.054 × GP73-0.045 × Age + 0.030 × PLT-0.015 × ALP)]. The AUC of the model was as high as 0.940 and the optimal cut-off value were 0.41. The corresponding diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 and 0.82, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency was better than that of APRI, FIB-4, LSM and GP73 alone (P < 0.05). The AUC of GAPA was 0.877 in the pathological diagnosis group, which was similar to the diagnostic efficacy of LSM (0.891) and FIB-4 (0.847) (P > 0.1), but still superior to that of APRI (0.811) and GP73 alone (0.780) (P < 0.001). Conclusion GAPA, a diagnostic model for compensated stage hepatitis B cirrhosis established in this study, has a good diagnostic efficacy in both the clinical and pathological diagnosis group, and has certain auxiliary diagnostic value in the areas where resources are relatively scarce or where LSM has not been developed.

Objective:To evaluate the cost effectiveness of primary prophylaxis (PP) with pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF), PP with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and no prophylaxis in women with early-stage breast cancer in China.Methods:Two phase Markov models were constructed for a hypothetical cohort of patients aged 45 with stage Ⅱ breast cancer. The first phase modelled costs and outcomes of 4 cycles docetaxel combined with cyclophosphamide [TC×4, febrile neutropenia (FN) risk>20%] chemotherapy, which assumptions based on literature reviews, including FN rates [base-case (deterministic sensitivity analysis range), 0.29 (0.24-0.35)] and related events [FN case-fatality, 3.4 (2.7-4.1)]. Second phase modelled the long term survival which was link with the relative dose intensity (RDI) [mortality hazard ratio ( HR) of RDI < 85% vs ≥85%, 1.45 (1.00-2.32)]. Clinical effectiveness, therapeutic costs, and economic utilities were estimated from peer-reviewed publications and expert opinions in case of unavailability of published evidences. Results:Compared to rhG-CSF PP and no prophylaxis, the cost of PEG-rhG-CSF PP increased to 5 208.19 RMB and 5 222.73 RMB, respectively. The quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) enhanced to 0.066 and 0.297, respectively. Accordingly, the incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are 79 146.3 RMB and 17 558.77 RMB per QALY, which were both below the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of three times GDP per capita (18, 000 RMB) recommended by the WHO. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the more clinically effective the primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF is, the more cost-effective primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF will be. And the lower the mortality HR of RDI<85% vs ≥85% is, the more cost-effective primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF will be. Conclusion:Although the cost of PP PEG-rhG-CSF is higher, considering the additional benefits, the administrating of PP PEG-rhG-CSF is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to PP rhG-CSF and no prophylaxis in patients with early stage breast cancer whose FN risks are more than 20% in China.

Objective:To evaluate the cost effectiveness of primary prophylaxis (PP) with pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF), PP with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and no prophylaxis in women with early-stage breast cancer in China.Methods:Two phase Markov models were constructed for a hypothetical cohort of patients aged 45 with stage Ⅱ breast cancer. The first phase modelled costs and outcomes of 4 cycles docetaxel combined with cyclophosphamide [TC×4, febrile neutropenia (FN) risk>20%] chemotherapy, which assumptions based on literature reviews, including FN rates [base-case (deterministic sensitivity analysis range), 0.29 (0.24-0.35)] and related events [FN case-fatality, 3.4 (2.7-4.1)]. Second phase modelled the long term survival which was link with the relative dose intensity (RDI) [mortality hazard ratio ( HR) of RDI < 85% vs ≥85%, 1.45 (1.00-2.32)]. Clinical effectiveness, therapeutic costs, and economic utilities were estimated from peer-reviewed publications and expert opinions in case of unavailability of published evidences. Results:Compared to rhG-CSF PP and no prophylaxis, the cost of PEG-rhG-CSF PP increased to 5 208.19 RMB and 5 222.73 RMB, respectively. The quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) enhanced to 0.066 and 0.297, respectively. Accordingly, the incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are 79 146.3 RMB and 17 558.77 RMB per QALY, which were both below the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of three times GDP per capita (18, 000 RMB) recommended by the WHO. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the more clinically effective the primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF is, the more cost-effective primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF will be. And the lower the mortality HR of RDI<85% vs ≥85% is, the more cost-effective primary prophylaxis with PEG-rhG-CSF will be. Conclusion:Although the cost of PP PEG-rhG-CSF is higher, considering the additional benefits, the administrating of PP PEG-rhG-CSF is likely to be a cost-effective alternative to PP rhG-CSF and no prophylaxis in patients with early stage breast cancer whose FN risks are more than 20% in China.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and diagnostic value of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for the evaluation and comparison of aspartate aminotransferas/platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis 4 indexes (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) with liver fibrosis staging in relation to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:103 cases with NAFLD who met the inclusion criteria confirmed by liver biopsy were selected for retrospective analysis. The results of serological tests and LSM were recorded. The APRI, FIB-4 and NFS were calculated. The accuracy and applicability of four liver fibrosis models in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients were compared with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and the diagnostic cut-off value of LSM was established.Results:Varying degrees of LSM, APRI, FIB-4 and NFS had shown positive correlations with the increasing degree of liver fibrosis. Among them, LSM was positively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis, and the correlation coefficient was r = 0.727, P < 0.0001. Consistent with this, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of LSM diagnosis of liver fibrosis in different stages was significantly higher than APRI, FIB-4 and NFS. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve of LSM was 0.862 and 0.928 for significant liver fibrosis ( f ≥ 2), and advanced liver fibrosis ( f ≥ 3). Conclusion:LSM has a good diagnostic exclusion value for NAFLD-induced fibrosis, and its sensitivity and specificity are better than APRI, FIB-4 and NFS.

The widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical settings has enabled testing, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. However, many issues have arisen in the meanwhile. One of the most pressing issues is the lack of standards for reporting genetic test results across different service providers. The First Forum on Standards and Specifications for Clinical Genetic Testing was held to address the issue in Shenzhen, China, on October 28, 2017. Participants, including geneticists, clinicians, and representatives of genetic testing service providers, discussed problems of clinical genetic testing services across in China and shared opinions on principles, challenges, and standards for reporting clinical genetic test results. Here we summarize expert opinions presented at the seminar and report the consensus, which will serve as a basis for the development of standards and guidelines for reporting of clinical genetic testing results, in order to promote the standardization and regulation of genetic testing services in China.

Objective To evaluate the effect of "health education mobile classroom " in the outpatient department of children's hospital, and to analyze the needs of the outpatient and family members on health education. Methods Through the retrospective analysis of the information of the outpatient and emergency patients in the children's specialist hospital to determine the content, the venue and the time period of the "health education mobile classroom". Selection and training the health educator to implement the health education. At the same time, push the training content through the mobile APP to the patient's family, to expand the education audience. To compare and analyze the patient satisfaction of the hospital and the satisfaction with the dimensions of the project. In the evaluation of the effect of health education and the influencing factors, the relationship between income, occupation and children is positively related, and age is negatively related to it. Results After the implement of this project, the satisfaction of the patient had increased for 3.65%(P=0.001). Overall assessment of the audience was very satisfied with (3.94 ± 0.25) points. In each dimension analysis, the satisfaction of the "training method"was the highest, at (3.94 ± 0.26) points. Satisfied with the attitude of the trainers and comprehensive ability were more than 3.80 points. Conclusions The "health education mobile classroom" can improve patient satisfaction in the outpatient department and emergency of children's specialist hospital. Audience has a certain degree of acceptance and satisfaction with this health education mode.