Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide. For lung cancer patients with multiple intrapulmonary metastases or impaired lung function, complete tumor resection is challenging, and the prognosis is poor. Lung transplantation demonstrates potential therapeutic value in achieving complete tumor resection, improving lung function, and enhancing quality of life. Advances in tumor detection technologies such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography and circulating tumor DNA, along with the development of comprehensive treatment strategies for lung cancer, provide powerful tools for accurately predicting tumor recurrence and treatment outcomes following lung transplantation. The feasibility of lung transplantation as a treatment for lung cancer is receiving increasing attention. This article reviews the history and clinical management of lung transplantation for lung cancer.

“Deficiency cause， cold accumulation， and qi stagnation” originates from Essentials from the Golden Cabinet （《金匮要略》）， which is a guiding principle for the pathogenesis of women's diseases， pioneering the differentiation and treatment of women's diseases based on patterns， and having a profound influence on future generations. Following the classical principles and simplifying the complexities， this paper explored the pathogenesis and mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） from the perspective of “deficiency cause， cold accumulation， and qi stagnation”， and believed that depletion of essence and blood， long-term accumulation of internal cold， and qi constraint and blood stasis are the causes of PCOS， with depletion of essence and blood， and lack of nourishment of zang-fu （脏腑） organs as the root， and cold pathogen invasion， qi constraint and blood stasis as the branch. The main treatment principle is “treating deficiency with supplementation”， and dispelling pathogen while reinforcing healthy qi， along with “treatment of cold by warming” and “treatment of stagnation by dispersing”. This is of great significance for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinically， these methods can be used flexibly to guide treatment and formula selection for PCOS， with the goal of harmonizing qi and blood and regulating menstruation.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the characteristics of current recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA)animal models at home and abroad,and to provide reference and guidance for the standardized preparation of RSA models.Methods"Recurrent spontaneous abortion"and"animal model"were used as co-keywords in CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and Web of Science databases to search the RSA animal experimental literature,covering the period up to January 20,2024,and a total of 1 411 articles were collected.The analysis focused on construction methods and essential elements of RSA animal models,the modeling process and result evaluation,as well as the application of these models in pharmacological and pharmacodynamic research.An Excel table was established for systematic analysis and discussion.Results A total of 138 experimental studies were obtained after screening.In constructing RSA animal models,immunological models were the most widely used in Western medicine(96.92％),with the Clark model being the main one(92.31％).In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)models,70.00％were kidney deficiency-luteal inhibition-syndrome combination models,20.00％were kidney deficiency and blood stasis models,and 10.00％were deficiency-heat syndrome models.Most animals were selected at 6-8 weeks(33.86％)and 8 weeks(32.28％)of age.The majority of animals were paired for mating at 18:00 on the day of cage pairing.In 81.03％of literatures,vaginal plugs were checked once the following morning,with 8:00 being the most common time(17.02％).The most commonly used drug administration cycle was 14 days of continuous gavage after pregnancy.Among the tested drugs,Western drugs were mainly protein-based(29.17％),while TCM drugs were mainly TCM decoction(81.11％).The most frequently used methods for detecting indicators included visual observation of embryos(22.54％),western blot(15.96％),PCR(13.58％),ELISA(12.91％),HE staining(10.80％)and immunohistochemistry(9.39％).Conclusion The etiology of RSA is complex,and corresponding animal models should be established based on different etiologies.Clark model is commonly used in the construction of Western medicine model,while the kidney deficiency-luteal inhibition-syndrome combination model is predominant in TCM.RSA animal model is widely used in related research,but systematic evaluation needs to be strengthened.

Objective To explore the role and mechanism of cardiac resident macrophages in heart repair after myocardial infarction in mice.Methods Macrophage-specific Cre tool mice(CX3CR1CreER-YFP mice)with doubly transgenic mice(R26tdTomato/DTR mice)were hybridized to obtain cardiac resident macrophage-specific red fluorescent labels in mice.Sixty Cx3crlCreER-YFP:R26Td/DTR hybrid mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:Sham group,DT+Sham group,MI group,and DT+MI group,with 15 mice in each group.MI group and DT+MI group underwent myocardial infarction modeling by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery.The DT+MI group mice were induced to deplete resident macrophages in the heart tissue using diphtheria toxin(DT)to establish a cardiac resident macrophage knockout model.On the 5th day after myocardial infarction modeling,heart tissue slices of mice were stained with H-E to observe inflammation infiltration and myocardial infarct size were calculated;on the 14th day of modeling,echocardiography was used to measure cardiac function-related parameters in mice,and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected.Results Compared with the MI group,the DT+MI group mice showed a significant reduction in cardiac resident macrophages([53.75±4.62]vs[6.37±1.25],P＜0.05).On the 14th day after myocardial infarction modeling,compared with the Ml group,the DT+MI group mice had significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter([5.11±0.22]mm vs[5.92±0.26]mm,P＜0.05)and left ventricular end-systolic diameter([4.77±0.17]mm vs[5.38±0.16]mm,P＜0.05),while the ejection fraction significantly decreased([27.76±1.20]％vs[17.61±0.94]％,P＜0.05);in addition,the DT+MI group mice showed increased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines,increased inflammatory cell infiltration,and significantly larger myocardial infarct size.The protein expression levels of NF-KB/p-P65 in DT+MI group mice were significantly higher than those in the MI group([0.28±0.14]vs[1.09±0.12],P＜0.05).Conclusions Cardiac resident macrophages play an important role in heart tissue repair after myocardial infarction by reducing inflammation cell infiltration and myocardial infarct size.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with positive repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test results on the accessory nerve and negative needle electromyography (EMG) test results on the sternocleidomastoid with the goal to enrich the knowledge of disease progression in patients with ALS.Methods:The clinical data of 612 patients diagnosed with ALS at the Neurology Department of the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2016 to August 2022 were collected. In total, 267 cases had undergone EMG tests on the sternocleidomastoid following a positive 3 Hz RNS test result on the accessory nerve, who were selected as the study subjects. The differences in clinical indicators were compared between RNS (+)/EMG (-) group and RNS (+)/EMG (+) group. A binomial distribution model with multiple variables was built to quantitatively analyze the major factors and their effects.Results:At the initial visit, 15.8% of patients with ALS were 3 Hz RNS (+) on the accessory nerve and EMG (-) on the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid, accounting for 36.3% of RNS (+) patients. The decremental range of the 3 Hz RNS test delivered to the accessory nerve in these patients [-14% (-19%, -12%)] was lower than that in patients with RNS (+)/EMG (+) [-17% (-23%, -13%)] ( P<0.05), while the ratio of upper limb onset (64.9%) and non-definite diagnosis (28.9%) were higher [54.7% and 13.5% for patients with RNS (+)/EMG (+), P<0.05]. Furthermore, the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) score [40 (37, 42)], body mass index (BMI) [23.8 (22.0, 25.4) kg/m 2] and forced vital capacity (FVC) [92.8% (76.6%, 103.8%)] were higher in patients with RNS(+)/EMG(+) ( P<0.05). The multivariate model suggested that, in patients with RNS (+)/EMG (-), the ratio of upper limb onset to lower limb onset was 1.04, while that of upper limb onset to bulbar onset was 2.02, and that of lower limb onset to bulbar onset was 1.94. The ratio of non-definite ALS to definite ALS was 1.13. The ALSFRS-R score, BMI, and FVC had a protective contribution to the electrophysiological function of the motor neurons. The ratio of the effect size of the ALSFRS-R or BMI to that of FVC was 3.37 and 1.14, respectively. Conclusions:Patients with ALS that were 3 Hz RNS (+) on the accessory nerve and EMG (-) on the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid had a smaller decremental range of the compound muscle action potential amplitude, and a higher proportion of upper limb onset and non-definite ALS. A higher ALSFRS-R score, BMI, and FVC have a protective effect to the electrophysiological function of motor neurons. The effect size of the ALSFRS-R score is the largest, followed by BMI and FVC.

Objective:To explore therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of puerarin(PUE)in treating of ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods:Network pharmacology and molecular docking technique were used to screen and analyze targets of PUE in regulating UC.C57BL/6 mice were given free access to 2.5%DSS aqueous solution for 7 days,and influence of PUE on changes in body weight and disease activity index(DAI)score were subsequently observed.Histopathological alterations of colon tissue were observed by HE staining,changes of goblet cell population in colon tissue were evaluated through Alcian blue staining;expressions of inflammatory factors in colon tissue were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA.Effect of PUE on MODE-K cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry.Results:A total of 38 common targets of PUE in modulating UC,such as AKT1,TNF,STAT3,CASP3,HIF1A and etc,mainly involving TNF,IL-17 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.In vivo experiments confirmed that PUE ameliorated degree of colon shortening,body weight and DAI scores and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in mice.Besides,expressions of inflammatory factors in colon,such as TNF-α and IL-1β,were inhibited by PUE.Furthermore,in vitro experiments validated that PUE relieved DSS-induced apoptosis of epithelial cells.Conclusion:PUE alleviates occurrence and development of DSS-induced UC in mice.

Humans ; Clavicle ; Fractures, Bone/surgery*

Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Pain Management ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Treatment Outcome ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Objective:To analyze and compare the survival rate between patients with screen-detected and non-screening detected colorectal cancer in Shanghai from 2013 to 2015. Methods:Patients with screen-and non-screening detected colorectal cancer from 2013 to 2015 were collected from Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Screening Program and the Population-Based Cancer Registry.The results presented were based on data collected by December 31,2020.Survival rates were stratified by year of diagnosis,gender,site,age-group,stage at diagnosis and histopathologic category when analyzed.The 5-year observed survival rates were calculated based on the life table,and then the cumulative expected survival rates were calculated according to the Ederer Ⅱ method.Finally,the 5-year relative survival rate was calculated.The COX proportional hazard regression model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results:2 108 patients with screening-detected colorectal cancer and 14 154 patients with non-screening colorectal cancer from 2013 to 2015 were included in the analysis,and the proportions of phase Ⅰ were 35.53％and 9.33％,respectively.The stage distribution of colorectal cancer was significantly different between patients with screen-detected and non-screening detected colorectal cancer(P＜0.05).The 5-year relative survival rates of patients with screen-detected and non-screening detected colorectal cancer were 84.66％(95％confidence interval:82.87％-86.45％)and 63.51％(95％confidence interval:62.64％-64.38％),respectively.The patients with screen-detected colorectal cancer had a significantly improved 5-year relative survival rate in comparison with the patients with non-screening detected colorectal cancer.The survival rates of females in both groups were higher than those of males.The relative survival rate decreased with the increase of age and gradually decreased with the increase of stage at diagnosis.The relative survival rate of patients with non-screening detected colon cancer was significantly lower than that of patients with rectal cancer. Conclusion:Patients with colorectal cancer found at screening had a significantly improved survival rate compared to patients with non-screening detected colorectal cancer.Staging at diagnosis is a key factor,which indicates that enhancing screening and early diagnosis has important meaning to further improve the survival of patients with colorectal cancer and reduce the burden of disease.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.