Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and has become one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment in diabetes patients.The pathogenesis of DR is multifaceted,involving inflammation,oxidative stress,neurovascular abnormalities,and other factors that present potential targets for disease management interventions.Currently,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drugs serve as the primary treatment for advanced stages of DR when irreversible neurovascular damage and visual impairment have occurred.Additionally,some patients show poor or no response to anti-VEGF treatment.There is a lack of early intervention options for the initial phases of the disease.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop novel local or systemic therapies based on the underlying mechanisms of DR to enable early prevention and treatment with the aim of preserving patients' vision.Medications targeting various pathways including anti-inflammatory agents(corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs),neurotrophic and neuroprotective drugs,drugs modulating biochemical pathways,antioxidant phytochemicals,and gene therapy can complement each other in terms of therapeutic effects to benefit a larger number of individuals affected by DR.This article reviews previous research reports on the pathogenesis,drug treatment methods,and potential therapeutic targets associated with DR in order to provide guidance for clinical practice.

On January 22, 2020, China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR), an open-access information resource for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2019nCoVR features a comprehensive integra-tion of sequence and clinical information for all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 isolates, which are manually curated with value-added annotations and quality evaluated by an automated in-house pipeline. Of particular note, 2019nCoVR offers systematic analyses to generate a dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations at a global scale. It provides all identified variants and their detailed statistics for each virus isolate, and congregates the quality score, functional annotation,and population frequency for each variant. Spatiotemporal change for each variant can be visualized and historical viral haplotype network maps for the course of the outbreak are also generated based on all complete and high-quality genomes available. Moreover, 2019nCoVR provides a full collection of SARS-CoV-2 relevant literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including published papers from PubMed as well as preprints from services such as bioRxiv and medRxiv through Europe PMC. Furthermore, by linking with relevant databases in CNCB, 2019nCoVR offers data submission services for raw sequence reads and assembled genomes, and data sharing with NCBI. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 is updated daily to collect the latest information on genome sequences, variants, hap-lotypes, and literature for a timely reflection, making 2019nCoVR a valuable resource for the global research community. 2019nCoVR is accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/.

To unravel the genetic mechanisms of disease and physiological traits, it requires comprehensive sequencing analysis of large sample size in Chinese populations. Here, we report the primary results of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Precision Medicine Initiative (CASPMI) project launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including the de novo assembly of a northern Han reference genome (NH1.0) and whole genome analyses of 597 healthy people coming from most areas in China. Given the two existing reference genomes for Han Chinese (YH and HX1) were both from the south, we constructed NH1.0, a new reference genome from a northern individual, by combining the sequencing strategies of PacBio, 10× Genomics, and Bionano mapping. Using this integrated approach, we obtained an N50 scaffold size of 46.63 Mb for the NH1.0 genome and performed a comparative genome analysis of NH1.0 with YH and HX1. In order to generate a genomic variation map of Chinese populations, we performed the whole-genome sequencing of 597 participants and identified 24.85 million (M) single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 3.85 M small indels, and 106,382 structural variations. In the association analysis with collected phenotypes, we found that the T allele of rs1549293 in KAT8 significantly correlated with the waist circumference in northern Han males. Moreover, significant genetic diversity in MTHFR, TCN2, FADS1, and FADS2, which associate with circulating folate, vitamin B12, or lipid metabolism, was observed between northerners and southerners. Especially, for the homocysteine-increasing allele of rs1801133 (MTHFR 677T), we hypothesize that there exists a "comfort" zone for a high frequency of 677T between latitudes of 35-45 degree North. Taken together, our results provide a high-quality northern Han reference genome and novel population-specific data sets of genetic variants for use in the personalized and precision medicine.

Objective To investigate the influence of six-minute walking training on autonomic nerve function in patients having chronic heart failure.Methods Eighty chronic heart failure patients with heart function Ⅱ-Ⅲ grade were divided into training group (40 cases) and control group (40 cases) by random digits table method.Patients in two groups were treated with conventional anti heart failure drug.Patients in training group insisted six-minute walking training twice a day on the basis of the conventional treatment.Changes of the index of heart function,heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate deceleration force (DC) before and after treatment were tested in two groups.Results After treatment,the cardiac function in training group and control group was significantly improved (P ＜ 0.05).The indexes of HRV and DC in two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the indexes of HRV and DC in training group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Six-minute walking training in patients having chronic heart failure can significantly improve the autonomic nerve function,which is an effective and safe rehabilitation exercise for patients having chronic heart failure.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and female subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 835 female subjects were enrolled in this study. MS was defined based on the ATP Ⅲ criteria. Age groups were ＜45,45 to 65,and ≥65 years. The participants were evaluated by the number of components of MS and clusters of MS components. Measurement of carotid arteries with B-mode ultrasound imaging was performed. Intima-media thickness and plague of the carotid arteries were regarded as the indicators of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Results The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis, MS components and MS was significantly increased with the increased age. After age was adjusted, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that every component of MS was independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis; the increased waist circumstance and blood pressure and reduced HLD showed stronger effect. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was increased with increasing number of components of MS. When compared to the 0 MS component group,the odds ratio (OR)of carotid atherosclerosis of the groups with 1, 2,3,4, or 5 components were 1.4,2. 0,3.4,5. 7 and 7. 1,respectively. The altered cluster components of MS impacted differently on carotid atherosclerosis. The clusters of components of MS with increased waist circumstance were more frequent than without ones. Conclusion Every component of MS may be an independent risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis;increased components of MS could contribute higher odd risk to carotid atherosclerosis; clusters of MS components might show different impacts on carotid atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI)and cardiac structure and function of adult men living in Hebei province.Methods A total of 160 adults were assigned to 4 groups by BMI:normal body weight group(group A,BMI 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2),overweight group (group B,BMI 24.0 to 27.9 kg/m2),mild obese group(group C,BMI 28.0 to 29.9 kg/m2),and severe obese group(group D,BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(EDD),end-systolic diameter(ESD),inter ventricular septal thickness(IVS),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW),left ventricular mass(LVM),and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)were examined by echocardiography.Early(E)peak diastolic and late(A)diastolic mitral inflow velocity and E/A ratio were measured by Doppler echocardiography.Pulsed wave Doppler tissue image(PW-DTI)of the lateral mitral annulus was performed to evaluate early peak diastolic velocity(Em),late peak diastolic velocity(Am)and Em/Am ratio.Results Compared with group A,EDD,ESD,LNM,LVMI,Am,IVS and LVPW were increased in the other 3 groups(all P ＜ 0.05).E,E/A ratio,Em,and Em/Am ratio were decreased in group B,C,and D(all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group B,Sm was decreased in group C and D(both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Overweight and obesity could contribute to ventricular hypertrophy and deteriorate diastolic function in a BMI dependent manner.Obesity may be also related to decreased Sm.

Objective To study the relationship between pedometer-based daily physical activity and obesity measurements in adult male leaders living in countryside.Methods A total of 136 men who received routine health screening were measured for body weight,body mass index (BMI),waist circumstance,and total body fat.Daily walking activities were determined by pedometer for 7 days.Results Ⅰ to Ⅱ grade walking activities was found in 58% participants.Daily physical activities were negatively correlated with body weight,waist circumference,BMI and total body fat.Body weight,waist circumference,BMI and total body fat were almost normal when walking activities increased to Ⅲ grade.Only 7% of the subjects participated in exercises.Conclusion Pedometer-based daily physical activities may be significantly correlated with obesity arameters.Increased walking activities will help to loss weight.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and application value of internal fixation of Magerl combined with Brooks technique for atlantoaxial instability. Methods A total of 18 patients with atlantoaxial instability, reducible atlantoaxial dislocation with reduction after traction and irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation with traction reduction after anterior laxation were treated with internal fixation of Magerl combined with Brooks technique using autologous bone grafts. Results The patients were followed up for an average 18 months (6-36 months). Screw was probably cut into the vertebral artery in one case. The guide needle was cut into the pharynx due to incorrectly penetrating the C 1 anterior arch of atlas for 3.5 cm in one case but no early complications such as spinal cord injury and local infection occurred. The spinal cord function improvement was marked in 3 cases, good in 9, mild in 4 but unchanged in 2. No case got worse. There were no loosening or break of the screw and cable. Conclusions Combined fixation of Magerl and Brooks techniques reaches three-point fixation and improves the reduction effect. It is necessary to use the combined fixation with best biomechanical stability for atlantoaxial dislocation patient with reduction or near reduction if the structure of the posterior arch of C 1,2 is intact.

OBJECTIVETo study mosaicplasty a as method of autogenous osteochondral transplantation in the treatment of cartilaginous defects.

METHODSThe technique involves obtaining small cylindrical grafts from the non-weight bearing periphery of the femur at the patellar femoral joint, and transporting them to the prepared recipient site by arthroscopy.

RESULTSFifteen patients with defects cartilaginous received mosaicptasty osteochondral grafting. Follow up for 12 to 21 months (mean 15 months) showed good results.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment is indicated for patients with focal cartilaginous defects under the age of 45.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Cartilage, Articular ; injuries ; transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male

Objective To explore the possibility of expending indications of VATS though auxiliary mini-incision. Methods 54 patients with thoracic injury underwent pulmonary lobectomy or pulmonary wedge resection or pulmonary rupture repair or diaphragm rupture repair using VATS combined with auxiliary mini-incition. Results All of 54 patients were cured. with primary wound healing .Hospital stay was 8d~10d with a mean of 10d.. No complication occurred. Conclusions VATS combined with auxiliary mini-incision could provide a possibility of simultaneous diagnosis and treatment and obtains as the same therapeutic result as conventional open surgery and expends indication of VATS.