Primary intrahepatic stones (PIS) is a refractory disease with a high incidence rate in southwest China, and some patients still require surgery again or even more times after initial treatment. Many studies in recent years have shown that some specific flora can colonize in the intrahepatic bile duct, leading to chronic infection and inflammation of the biliary system, and these specific types of flora, called "stone-causing flora", can produce metabolites such as β-glucuronidase and play an important role in the formation of pigmented stones. This article analyzes the role of stone-causing flora in the pathogenesis of PIS, so as to provide more treatment options for PIS patients.

OBJECTIVE：To investi gate the potential mechanism of couplet medicine of Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus in the treatment of premature ovarian failure. METHODS ：Main active components and related targets of couplet medicine of Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus in the treatment of premature ovarian failure were obtained from TCMSP ，GeneCards and OMIM database. The intersection genes between them were screened using Venn online tool. Cytoscape 3.7.0 software was adopted to establish the active ingredients-target network and the PPI network. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on intersection genes were carried out by DAVID database. Finally ，an active component-target-key pathway network was constructed. RESULTS ：Totally 42 active components ，231 and 1 913 targets for active components and disease were obtained from couplet medicine of Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus. The components with high node degree included quercetin ，kaempferol，β-sitosterol，isorhamnetin，glycitein， stigmasterol and sesamin ，etc. There were 149 intersection genes between the active component targets and premature ovarian failure targets. PPI network contained 149 nodes and 2 970 edges，with an average node degree of 39.9 and an average medium of 0.005 4. The results of GO analysis showed that molecule function of the above-mentioned genes mainly involved protein binding ， enzyme binding ，etc. Biological process mainly included that positive regulatio n of transcription from RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter，positive regulation of transcription DNA-templated ， Cell components mainly included nucleus ，cytoplasm，etc. Signaling pathway mainly involved cancer signaling pathway ， hepatitis B signling pathway ，PI3K/AKT signaling pathway ， MAPK signaling pathway ， etc. The results of active 617693370@qq.com component-target-key pathway network showed that active components of Cuscutae Semen and Lycii Fructus were flavonoids and alcohols ；key target included AKT 1，TP53， VEGFA，IL6，TNF，etc. Signaling pathway mainly involved cancer signaling pathway ，hepatitis B signaling pathway ，PI3K/AKT signaling pathway ，MAPK signaling pathway ，etc. CONCLUSIONS ：Through PI 3K/AKT signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway，the active components of couplet medicine of Cuscutae Semen-Lycii Fructus may act on AKT 1，TP53 and other targets ， and then play a therapeutic role on premature ovarian failure. The Potential active components stigmasterol ，sesamin and potential targets IL 6，TNF were found.

Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (vitamins A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (vitamins B and vitamin C). Traditional methods of immunoassay have only been developed for vitamins D,B6, B9 and B12. However, they cannot distinguish between vitamin subtypes such as D2, D3 and associated epi isomers (which has higher leveks in infants),giving false positive or negative results. Mass spectrometry has become a gold standard method for small molecule analysis in biological samples with its advantages in speed,resolution,sensitivity and specificity. It is widely used in clinical research and diagnosis and provides an efficient method for simultaneous detection of multivitamins in one injection using one low volume sample collection.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of repaglinide combined with metformin versus glimepiride combined with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and to provide evidence-based reference for the clinic. METHODS:Retrieved from CJFD, VIP, Wanfang database, PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about therapeutic efficacy (HbA1c, FPG, 2 hPG) and safety (the incidence of ADR,hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal reaction)of repaglinide combined with metformin(trial group)versus glimepiride combined with metformin(control group)in the treatment of T2DM were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.2 statistical software after data extraction and quality evaluation with Cochrane systematic evaluation manual. RESULTS:A total of 12 RCTs were included,involving 957 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed that the decrease of 2 hPG in trial group was significantly better than control group,with statistical significance [MD=-0.70,95％CI(-1.02,-0.38),P<0.001]. There was no statistical significance in the decrease of HbA1c [MD=0.00,95％CI(-0.24,0.25),P=0.98] or FPG [MD=0.10,95％CI(-0.17,0.36),P=0.47],the incidence of ADR [OR=0.54,95％CI(0.28,1.06),P=0.07],hypoglycemia [OR=0.52,95％CI(0.13,2.06),P=0.35] or gastrointestinal reactions [OR=0.60,95％CI(0.15,2.41),P=0.47] between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Repaglinide combined with metformin is better than glimepiride combined with metformin in reducing 2 hPG,but both of them have similar safety.

OBJECTIVE To analyze disease-related clinical features and therapeutic effects of basal cell adenoma in head and neck. METHODS Clinical data of 9 patients with pathologically diagnosed basal cell adenoma in head and neck between Mar 2007 and Jan 2016 in our department were analyzed retrospectively. The ratio of male 3 to female 6 was 1:2. The median age of the patients was 48.9 years old(22 to 65 years). 5 cases affected parotid gland, 1 occurred in left maxillary sinus and infratemporal fossa, 1 involved nasopharyngeal and pterygopalatine fossa, 1 originated from nasal vestibule and 1 derived from nasal septum. RESULTS 8 of the patients underwent surgical treatment, while one patient with tumor involving the left maxillary sinus and infratemporal fossa was given a transnasal surgery for concurrent rhinosinusitis and subsequently confirmed by pathology. The postoperative follow-up period was between 1 and 10 years. One patient with tumor affecting infratemporal fossa recurred 1.5 years after surgery, while the rest shown no signs of recurrence and complication. CONCLUSION Basal cell adenoma in head and neck is a rare kind of disease. Clinical features and imaging helped to differenced basal cell adenoma in head and neck from other diagnoses, but definite diagnosis relies on the pathological tests.Surgery may provide good effects and prognosis on patients with basal cell adenoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ( Der p) on the expression of TLR4 and IL-4 in P815 mast cells and to further analyze the immunoregulatory effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on Der p treated P815 mast cells.Methods Different concentrations of Der p and 1,25-( OH) 2 D3 were used alone or in combination to stimulate P815 mast cells.The supernatants of the stimulated cell culture were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) for the detection of IL-4.The stimulated cells were collected and analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot assays for the detection of TLR4atmRNAandproteinlevels,respectively.Results (1)TLR4expressionwasdetectedinP815 cells.The expression of TLR4 was enhanced in P815 cells treated with various concentrations of Der p.A significant dose-dependent up-regulation of TLR4 was observed in P815 cells after incubation with Der p for 36 h.(2) Der p promoted the release of IL-4 in P815 cells (P<0.05).(3) No significant differences with the expression of TLR4 and IL-4 were observed among 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment groups as compared with the control group (P>0.05).(4) 10-8 mol/L of 1,25(OH)2D3 promoted the Der p-induced expression of TLR4 in P815 cells (P<0.01).However, 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the release of IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05orP<0.01).Conclusion (1)Derpcouldpromotetheinflammationandallergicreac-tion through up-regulating TLR4 and IL-4 in mast cells.(2) The possible mechanism for the inhibitory of 1, 25(OH)2D3 on Der p-induced immune responses was due to the suppression of Th2-type immune responses through inhibiting the synthesis and secretion of IL-4 in mast cells.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of palonosetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. Meth-ods:A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, and self-cross-over positively controlled clinical trial design was used. All patients were randomized into two groups, as follows:Regiment A (61 cases) and Regiment B (64 cases). Regimen A with palonosetron hydrochlo-ride injection (test agent) was used in the treatment cycle A, whereas granisetron hydrochloride injection (control drug) was used in the cycle B. Treatments were randomly administered on the patients of the two groups. Regimen B was on the contrary, the control drug was used in the cycle A, and the test agent was used in the treatment cycle B. All patients treated with the test agent were classified as the test group, whereas those treated with the control drug were classified as the control group. Complete control rate and adverse reac-tion of acute and delayed vomiting in the two groups during the two cycles of chemotherapy regimen were compared. Results: In Group One, the complete control rate of delayed vomiting was significantly higher in the palonosetron administration cycles than in the granisetron cycles (76.92%vs. 55.38%, P=0.0110). In the same group, the frequency of vomiting was significantly less in palonosetron cycles than in the granisetron cycles during day 1 to day 5 (1.32±3.42 vs. 1.94±3.03, P=0.0096). The incidences of adverse effects were low in both groups. No grades 3 and 4 adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Palonosetron showed efficacy in preventing the acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting. The drug is superior to granisetron, specifically in delaying vomiting in Group One. Palonosetron hydrochloride showed slight adverse effects. Hence, this drug can be used in clinic.

This study is to screen 23 blank O/W type microemulsion (ME) samples, that is 15 samples from our laboratory, and 8 samples from literature; compare the conductivity-water content curve (CWCC) method and visual method in determining the critical water content during O/W type MEs' formation, to analyze the deficiency and the feasibility of visual method and to exploxe scientific meanings of CWCC method in judging the critical water content of O/W type MEs during formation. The results show that there is a significant difference between the theoretical feasible CWCC method and visual method in determining the critical water content (P<0.001), and the results judged by conductivity is higher than that by eye-based water content. Therefore, this article firmly confirmed the shortcomings of visual method and suggested that the eye-base "critical water content" may falls into continuous ME stage during O/W MEs' formation. Further more, the CWCC method has theoretical feasibility and scientific meanings in determining the critical water content of O/W type MEs during formation.

Objective To explore the the analytical method for the quality difference of Radix Salviae Mihiorrhizae (RSM) injection. Methods Parallel intercomparison experiment was carried out in different batches of RSM injection samples which had different degrees of adverse drug reaction. The samples were analyzed by gel size exclusion chromatog-zraphy and C18 HPLC fingerprint. Subtractive analysis was used to reveal the information of the non-low molecular weight phenolic acids. Results There were obvious differences between the results of size exclusion chromatography. The amount of the non-low molecular weight phenolic acids from different batches of the samples was also different, which was correlated with the degrees of acute toxicity in guinea pigs. Conclusion The amount of the non-low molecular weight phenolic acids varies with different batches of Radix Salviae Mihiorrhizae injection. It is suggested that non-low molecular weight phenolic acids can be used for the quality control of Radix Salviae Mihiorrhizae injection. For the first time, the perspective that the corresponding relationship between the fingerprint and their toxicities of Traditional Chinese medicine injection may be one of the most important fields is put forward.

Objective To investigate the allergic reaction of Shuanghuanglian Injection(SI)and chlorogenic acid.Meth- ods The sensitization of SI was evaluated by observed the systemic active allergic reaction on guinea pigs.The homogeneous and heterogenic passive skin allergic reactions in rats,mice and guinea pigs were observed to compare the sensitationz of SI and chlorogenic acid.Results The possibility of SI causing allergic reaction was higher than that of chlorogenic acid.Con- clusion It is suggested that the possibility of SI as a compound arising adverse reactions be higher than that of chlorogenic acid.