Objective:To investigate the value of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics models based on 18F-FDG PET-CT in predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma and interpret peritumoral radiomics features. Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2018 and April 2022 were retrospectively collected and samplied into a training set (309 cases) and a test set (206 cases) in a 6∶4 ratio randomly. Radiomics features were extracted from the intratumoral and peritumoral regions of interest based on PET and CT images, respectively, and the optimal feature sets were selected. Radiomics models were established using the XGBoost algorithm, and radiomics scores (intratumoral CT label, peritumoral CT label, intratumoral PET label, peritumoral PET label) were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct a clinical model and a combined model (incorporating PET-CT intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics, clinical features, and CT semantic features). The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Unsupervised clustering, Spearman correlation analysis, and visualization methods were used for the interpretability of peritumoral radiomics features. Results:In both the training and test sets, the AUC value of CT peritumoral labels was greater than that of CT intratumoral labels for predicting EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma (training set: Z=3.84, P<0.001; test set: Z=1.99, P=0.046). In the test set, the AUC value of PET intratumoral labels (0.684) was slightly higher than that of PET peritumoral labels (0.672) for predicting EGFR mutation status, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The combined model had the highest AUC value for predicting EGFR mutation status of lung adenocarcinoma in both the training and test sets and was significantly better than the clinical model (training set: Z=6.52, P<0.001; test set: Z=2.31, P=0.021). Interpretability analysis revealed that CT peritumoral radiomics features were correlated with CT shape features, and there were significant differences in CT peritumoral features between different EGFR mutation statuses. Conclusions:The value of CT peritumoral labels is superior to that of CT intratumoral labels in predicting EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma. The predictive performance of the model can be improved by combining PET-CT intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics, clinical features, and CT semantic features.

Increasing evidences suggest the important role of calcium homeostasis in hallmarks of cancer, but its function and regulatory network in metastasis remain unclear. A comprehensive investigation of key regulators in cancer metastasis is urgently needed. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and matched metastatic tissues and a series of gain/loss-of-function experiments identified potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 4 (KCTD4) as a driver of cancer metastasis. KCTD4 expression was found upregulated in metastatic ESCC. High KCTD4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC and contributes to cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, KCTD4 binds to CLIC1 and disrupts its dimerization, thus increasing intracellular Ca²⁺ level to enhance NFATc1-dependent fibronectin transcription. KCTD4-induced fibronectin secretion activates fibroblasts in a paracrine manner, which in turn promotes cancer cell invasion via MMP24 signaling as positive feedback. Furthermore, a lead compound K279-0738 significantly suppresses cancer metastasis by targeting the KCTD4‒CLIC1 interaction, providing a potential therapeutic strategy. Taken together, our study not only uncovers KCTD4 as a regulator of calcium homeostasis, but also reveals KCTD4/CLIC1-Ca²⁺-NFATc1-fibronectin signaling as a novel mechanism of cancer metastasis. These findings validate KCTD4 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.

Background/Aims: The accuracy of endosonographers in diagnosing gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs) using endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is influenced by experience and subjectivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved remarkable development in this field. This study aimed to develop an AI-based EUS diagnostic model for the diagnosis of SELs, and evaluated its efficacy with external validation. Methods: We developed the EUS-AI model with ResNeSt50 using EUS images from two hospitals to predict the histopathology of the gastric SELs originating from muscularis propria. The diagnostic performance of the model was also validated using EUS images obtained from four other hospitals. Results: A total of 2,057 images from 367 patients (375 SELs) were chosen to build the models, and 914 images from 106 patients (108 SELs) were chosen for external validation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the model for differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and non-GISTs in the external validation sets by images were 82.01%, 68.22%, 86.77%, 59.86%, and 78.12%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy in the external validation set by tumors were 83.75%, 71.43%, 89.33%, 60.61%, and 80.56%, respectively. The EUS-AI model showed better performance (especially specificity) than some endosonographers.The model helped improve the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of certain endosonographers. Conclusions We developed an EUS-AI model to classify gastric SELs originating from muscularis propria into GISTs and non-GISTs with good accuracy. The model may help improve the diagnostic performance of endosonographers. Further work is required to develop a multi-modal EUS-AI system.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases among 15-24 year old population reported in Hefei from 2004 to 2022, so as to provide insights into AIDS control among adolescents. Methods: The epidemiological data regarding HIV/AIDS cases between 15 and 24 years old reported in Hefei from 2004 to 2022 were captured from the AIDS comprehensive prevention and control information system of Chinese disease prevention and control information system, and data regarding temporal distribution, population distribution, and routes of infections and detection were descriptively analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results: From 2004 to 2022, 865 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in Hefei among 15-24 years old youth, accounting for 21.80% of the total reported cases. Among the HIV/AIDS patients, males accounted for 92.60%(801 cases), the unmarried ones accounted for 93.41% (808 cases)，those with college degree or above accounted for 60.12% (520 cases)，and 25.78%(223 cases) of them were students. The proportion of student cases increased annually( χ 2 trends =47.67, P <0.01). Homosexual transmission accounted for 81.39%, both showed an increasing trend( χ 2 trends =51.23, P <0.01)．Totally 55.49% of cases were found through testing and consultation, and the proportion of cases increased by year( χ 2 trends =112.18, P <0.01). In 2004-2022，the number of newly reported cases among people aged 15-24 showed a rising trend at an average rate of 24.46% by year( Z=4.92, P <0.01), which was higher than the average rate of 21.54% for the entire population( Z=12.75, P <0.01). Conclusion The epidemic of HIV/AIDS among population aged 15-24 years is serious in Hefei. Comprehensive measures for HIV education and prevention intervention are desperately needed to be reinforced among targeted students.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in middle-aged and old Chinese patients with osteoarthritis(OA). Methods A systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang Data and VIP databases to collect randomized controlled trials with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in middle-aged to old Chinese OA patients. The search time was from the establishment of the database to November 17, 2020. Two researchers independently carried out literature screening, data extraction and literature quality evaluation. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted with R3.6.0 software. Results 28 RCTs were included with 2531 patients. Based on the last follow-up pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the ranking chart showed that Etoricoxib had the highest probability of having the lowest pain VAS score (88.55%). In terms of total effective rate, the ranking chart showed that the probability of Etoricoxib as first choice was the highest (92.49%). As far as safety, diclofenac sodium patch had the lowest adverse effects rate (59.10%). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that Etoricoxib was the most effective treatment for middle-aged and old Chinese OA patients. It can significantly reduce the OA pain. Diclofenac sodium patch had the least adverse effects.

Objective To summarize clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexistent with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and investigate risk factors for lymph node metastasis.Methods The medical records of 4 264 consecutive papillary thyroid carcinoma patients who received surgical treatment from Oct 2013 to Oct 2015 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed.The diagnoses was confirmed by histopathological tests.Univariate analysis was performed to identify specific clinicopathologic features of PTC with CLT.Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine whether each clinicopathologic feature was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis.Results In all 4 265 cases,there were 3 059 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) (71.7％),1 010 PTC patients (23.7％) with CLT.909 female patients (90％),624 cases with multifocal lesions (61.8％),422 cases with extra-thyroid extension (41.8％),429 cases with lymph node metastasis (42.5％),and 133 cases with metastatic lymph nodes(LNs) ≥6 (13.2％).The median age was 43 years old and median tumor size was 0.8 cm.Patients with CLT were more females (90.0％ vs.70.2％;P ＜ 0.001),younger median age (43 vs.44 years;P =0.001),and lower incidence of lymph node metastasis (42.5％ vs.50.9％;P ＜0.001).CLT was not associated with tumor size,multifocal lesions,extra-thyroid extension and metastatic LNs≥6 (0.8 cm vs.0.7 cm,61.8％ vs.62.9％,41.8％ vs.42.1％ and 13.2％ vs.14.8％,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).In multivariate analysis,CLT was an independent protective factor for lymph node metastasis (OR =0.713,95％ CI 0.609-0.835,P ＜0.001).In PTC patients with lymph node metastasis,CLT was not associated with lymph node metastasis number (3 vs.3,P =0.300).Conclusions Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was an independent protective factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis.But in patients with lymph node metastasis,the metastatic number didn't decrease.

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence risk of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods This retrospective study included 1210 PTMC patients who underwent surgery between November 2013 and October 2014 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,China Academy of Medical Science.A population-based 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted,and each PTMC patients was matched with one who received thyroid function and ultrasonic to confirm that there was no disease in the thyroid.The clinical profiles of these patients were collected.According to Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults,all subjects were divided into three groups:underweight (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2),normal(18.5 kg/m2 ＜ BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m2),overweight (24.0 kg/m2 ＜ BMI ＜ 27.9 kg/m2) and obese group(BMI≥28.0 kg/m2).The relationship between BMI and PTMC incidence risk was analyzed by casecontrol study.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between BMI and PTMC severity.Results The BMI of PTMC patients was significant higher than in normal control [(24.30 ±3.33) kg/m2 vs (23.31 ± 3.50) kg/m2,P ＜ 0.0001].Compared with BMI normal group,the incidence risk of PTMC in underweight group was significantly lower (OR =0.449,95 ％ CI:0.270-0.747),which is higher in overweight and obese group (OR =1.559,95％ CI:1.261-1.928;OR =2.059,95％ CI:1.501-2.823).Histopathological review of 1210 PTMC patients with surgical resection revealed.The proportions of underweight,normal,overweight and obese group of the patients with extrathyroid extension (3.1％,48.0％,36.7％,12.2％) have significant differences with those in the patients whose tumor are limited to the thyroid (0.7％,45.2％,36.0％,18.1％) (P =0.0090).The proportions of 4 group of the patients with multiple lesions (3.2％,49.0％,35.6％,12.2％) were significantly differences to those in the patients with single lesion (0.8％,43.3％,38.7％,17.2％) (P =0.0050).Multivariate analysis showed that underweight is a protective factor of extrathyroidal extension (OR =0.219,95 ％ CI:0.051-0.932;OR =0.279,95 ％ CI:0.085-0.935) and mulifocality,and obese is an independent risk factors(OR =1.556,95％CI:1.047-2.312;OR =1.764,95％CI:1.204-2.584).Conclusions This study identified that the incidence risk of PTMC is positive related with BMI.In PTMC patients,obesity increases the risk of mulifocality and extrathyroidal extension.Attention should be paid to the effect of obesity on the incidence risk of PTMC and the diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological feature,as well as risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and high-volume LNM (hvLNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with di ameter ≤0.5 cm.Methods PTMC patients who received surgical treatments in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Nov.2013 to Nov.2014 were reviewed.Patients were allocated into the ≤0.5 cm group and (0.5-1)cm group according to tumor diameter.Clinical and pathological features were assessed and compared.Risk factors of LNM and hvLNM were also assessed through univariate and multivariate analysis.Results 1414 patients were enrolled,of which 315 patients (22.3％) were in the ≤0.5 cm group.76 LNM (24.1％) and 9 hvLNM (2.9％) were detected in the ≤0.5 cm group.There was significantly less capsule invasion (14.3％ vs 25.0％,P＜0.05),LNM (24.1％ vs 39.8％,P＜0.05) and hvLNM (2.9％ vs 7.9％,P＜0.05) in ≤0.5 cm group than in (0.5-1)cm group.In univariate analysis,patients aging ＜40 years old were more likely to have LNM than those older than 40(38.0％ vs 20.1％,P＜0.05),while male patients tended to have more LNM than female (32.4％ vs 21.9％,P=0.073).No risk factors were identified for hvLNM.In multivariate analysis,multifocality and younger than 40 years old were the independent risk factors of LNM (OR=2.082 and 2.899,P＜0.05),while male tended to be the independent risk factors of LNM (OR=l.807,P=0.058).No independent risk factors was identified for hvLNM.Conclusions A certain proportion of PTMC patients are with tumor diameter ≤0.5 cm,who have lower risk of LNM and hvLNM.Dynamic observation may be an option,especially in older ≥40 years old),unifocal and female patients.

Objective: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) often occurs in cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The risk factors for lymph node metastasis, especially for high-volume metastasis, were investigated in this study. Methods: The medical records of 1,268 consecutive PTMC patients admitted in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 to 2014 were reviewed. Their clinical and pathological features were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for LNM/highvolume LNM. Results: Of the 1,268 patients, 416 patients (32.8％) and 43 (3.4％) had LNM and high-volume LNM, respectively. According to the univariate analysis results for the risk factors of LNM, male (42.22％ vs. 30.26％, P<0.01), <40 years (<40 years, 48.39％; 40-59 years, 27.62％; ≥60 years 22.45％, P<0.03), multifocality (41.00％ vs. 29.03％, P<0.01), without chronic thyroiditis (36.44％ vs. 20.62％,P<0.01), tumor size >0.5 cm (35.77％ vs. 23.05％, P<0.01) were associated with LNM. Meanwhile, according to the multivariate analysis results, male, multifocality, and tumor size >0.5 cm are independent risk factors for LNM (OR=1.516, 1.743, and 1.788, respectively, all P<0.05). The protective factors for LNM are 40-59 years, ≥60 years, and chronic thyroiditis (OR 0.388, 0.301, and 0.472, respectively,all P<0.05). In the univariate analysis of risk factors for high-volume LNM, the results indicated that being male (6.30％ vs. 2.61％, P= 0.005), <40 years (<40 years, 7.62％; 40-59 years, 2.05％; ≥60 years 0, P<0.001), and tumor size >0.5 cm (4.01％ vs. 1.36％, P=0.027) are associated with high-volume LNM. In multivariate analysis, the results suggest that being male is an independent risk factor for LNM (OR=2.383, P=0.002), whereas age of 40-59 years is a protective factor for LNM (OR=0.270, P<0.001). Conclusion: Lymph node metastasis often ocucrs in cN0 PTMC, whereas high-volume LNM is rare. Being male and <40 years old are risk factors for both LNM and highvolume LNM.

Objective: To investigate the related factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM), especially for high volume LNM (>5 metastatic lymph nodes) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: The medical records of 2 073 consecutive PTC patients who underwent lobectomy, near-total thyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy with ipsilateral or bilateral central lymph node dissection in Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2013 to October 2014 were reviewed. Clinical and pathological features were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify the related factors for LNM/high volume LNM. Results: In all 2 073 patients, LNM and high volume LNM were confirmed in 936 (45.15%) cases and 254 (12.25%) cases respectively. In univariate analysis, large tumor size, young patients (<40 years), male were associated with both LNM and high volume LNM. In multivariate analysis, tumor size >2.0 cm, young patients (<40 years), male were independent related factors of LNM (OR=5.262, 95% CI: 3.468 to 7.986; OR=2.447, 95% CI: 2.000 to 2.995; OR=1.988, 95% CI: 1.593 to 2.480, respectively, all P=0.000) and high volume LNM (OR=6.687, 95% CI: 4.477 to 9.986; OR=2.975, 95% CI: 2.224 to 3.980; OR=2.354, 95% CI: 1.737 to 3.191, respectively, all P=0.000). In 1 414 PTMC patients, a similar result was also demonstrated.Compared with young patients (<40 years), old patients (≥60 years) had lower incidence of LNM (25.47% vs. 52.24%, χ²=62.903, P=0.000) and high volume LNM (1.89% vs. 13.18%, χ²=37.341, P=0.000). Additionally, old patients also had lower risk of both LNM (OR=0.316, 95% CI: 0.194 to 0.517, P=0.000) and high volume LNM (OR=0.142, 95% CI: 0.034 to 0.599, P=0.000). Conclusions The tumor size was the main related factor for both LNM and high volume LNM in PTC. The treatment should be more active in patients with tumor size >2 cm with consideration of higher incidence and risk for LNM and high volume LNM. Young patient was another important related factor for LNM and high volume LNM. In PTMC, old patients had lower incidence and risk for both LNM and high volume LNM. Dynamic observation or less surgical extent could be an option for these patients.