Objective To compare cortical inhibition(CI)function between patients with schizophrenia and depression,and to explore the correlation between CI function and clinical symptoms.Methods A total of 35 first episode schizophrenia(FES)patients,41 depression patients(21 with first episode depression,20 with recurrent depression),and 35 healthy controls(HC)were recruited.The positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS)was used to assess symptoms in FES patients,while the 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)were used to assess symptoms in depression patients.All participants'cortical inhibition and excitation measures were examined using single or paired pulses transcranial magnetic stimulation.Analysis of covariance/generalized linear model was employed to compare cortical inhibition and excitation measures among groups including age,gender,and medication status as covariates.The correlations between cortical inhibition and excitation measures and clinical symptoms were analyzed.Results The cortical silent period(CSP)in FES group was longer than that in control group and depression group[(92.08±35.43)ms vs.(70.27±22.12)ms vs.(70.81±29.29)ms,P<0.05].Depression group was further divided into first episode depression(FED)and recurrent depression(RD)subgroups.The short-interval cortical inhibition(SICI)was weaker in FED group than in the RD group and the control group(0.76±0.44 vs.0.43±0.32 vs.0.45±0.20,P<0.05).In FED group,CSP was negatively correlated with the general symptom score of PANSS(r=-0.544,P<0.001),and SICI was negatively correlated with the negative symptom score of PANSS(r=-0.501,P=0.005).In the FED group,SICI was positively correlated with HAMD-17 score(r=0.605,P=0.028).Conclusion Both FES patients and FED patients exhibit abnormal CI.There are distinct characteristics between FES and FED.FES patients exhibit prolonged CSP,while FED patients exhibit decreased SICI.The abnormal CI in FES and FED are correlated with their clinical symptoms.

Objective:To study the effect of eye-open/closed state on 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia.Methods:Thirty-eight first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients treated in Shanghai Mental Health Center from March 2010 to October 2011 were selected, and 31 healthy controls were recruited in the same period. All subjects were assessed with schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). The 40 Hz EEG ASSR signals lasting for 3 min under open and closed eyes of all subjects were sequentially collected.Event-related spectrum perturbation (ERSP) and intertribal phase coherence (ITC) were used to evaluate ASSR. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare ITC and ERSP between the two groups under open and closed eyes. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each measurement.Results:ITC in group main effect and group×the eye open/closed interaction effect were not significant (both P>0.05), but the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed was significant ( F(1, 67)=10.61, P=0.002). In the healthy control group, the ITC in eye-open state was significantly higher than that in eye-closed state ( P=0.014), and in the first-degree relatives group, the ITC in eye-open state was higher than that in eyes closed state ( P=0.039). ERSP in the main effect of eye-open and eye-closed ( F(1, 67)=0.195, P=0.660), group main effect ( F(1, 67) =0.627, P=0.431), group × the eye-open/closed interaction effect ( F(1, 67)= 1.034, P=0.313) was not significant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.260, P=0.210; eye closed: r=-0.318, P=0.122), ITC (eye open: r=-0.248, P=0.232; eye closed: r=-0.260, P=0.209) and SPQ score in the healthy control group. There was also no correlation between ERSP (eye open: r=-0.387, P=0.226; eye closed: r=-0.363, P=0.238) or ITC (eye open: r=0.126, P=0.485; eye closed: r=0.096, P=0.595) and SPQ score in the first-degree relatives group of schizophrenia. Conclusion:The regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR in schizophrenic first-degree relatives is not significantly impaired in the eye-open/closed state, suggesting that the open/closed regulation pattern of 40 Hz ASSR may not be a potential marker for predicting the genetic high-risk prognosis of schizophrenia.

This study was aimed to observe the clinical curative effect of Wen-Yang Jian-Pi (WYJP) decoction for treating hepatitis B cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites.A total of 81 hepatitis B cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites after admission to our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,41 patients were in the treatment group and 40 were in the control group.Patients in both groups received basic treatment,including antivirus,liver-protective,antiinfective and diuretic therapy,as well as albumin supplementation;while the treatment group were additionally given oral traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of WYJP decoction at the same time.Changes of subjective symptoms,abdominal circumference,urine volume,main hepatic function indexes,and main indexes of B-ultrasound before and after treatment were measured and compared between two groups.Patients in both groups were treated for 3 one-month therapeutic courses,with 3 to 5 day-intervals,after which the curative effect was evaluated.The results showed that the total effective rate in the treatment group was 87.8％,which was significant higher than that of 70.0％ in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).And the treatment group in ascites,urine volume,symptoms,body signs and B ultrasonic improvement were better than those of the control group,with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).It was concluded that WYJP decoction has definite therapeutic effect on hepatitis B cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites.

Objective To discuss the feasibility and clinical value of percutaneous transluminal stenting (PTS) for the treatment of central venous obstruction (CVO) in hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF).Methods The clinical data of 10 hemodialysis patients with AVF complicated by CVO were retrospectively analyzed.Clinically,all patients presented as swollen hand syndrome.Preoperative or intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed to determine the obstruction site,and based on the disease condition the appropriate surgical approach was employed.For patients having thrombus formation,catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) was carried out first.For patients having severe stenosis or occlusion of veins,pre-expansion with small diameter balloon was employed before PTS.For the remaining patients,PTS was directly performed.All patients were regularly followed up after operation.Results DSA showed that brachiocephalic vein occlusion and/or occlusion or stenosis of subclavian vein,internal jugular vein and superior vena cava were observed in 5 patients who had history of internal jugular vein catheterization,while localized severe stenosis of medial segment of AVF-side subclavian vein was detected in the other 5 patients who had no history of internal jugular vein catheterization.The technical success rate of PTS was 100％ (10/10).A total of 19 stents were implanted in the 10 patients.Seven months after the treatment,one patient developed in-stent re-stenosis,and PTS had to be carried out again.Primary patcncy rates at 6 months and 12 months after the treatment were 100％ (8/8) and 75％ (3/4) respectively.Conclusion In hemodialysis patients with AVF,CVO is mainly characterized by obstructive or severely stenotic lesions.PTS carries higher success rate with satisfactory short-term and mid-term effect,its complications are slight and mild,and the technique is safe and feasible.Therefore,PTS can be used as the preferred treatment method.

Chromosomal integration of heterologous genes or pathways is preferred over the use of episomal plasmids for its inherently stability and thus more desirable in the industrial setting. However, the position of integration of heterologous genes in the genome influences the expression levels. In combination of high throughput transformation of the Yeast Knock-out Collection (YKO) and FACS analysis, the position effect on heterologous reporter gene gfp was identified across the whole genome in yeast. In total 428 high-expressed sites and 444 low-expressed sites were spotted, providing massive data to analyze patterns and reasons for region dependency of gene expression on the genome-wide scale.
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Genes, Reporter ; Genome, Fungal ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics

Objective To investigate the characteristics of auditory P300 amplitude and latency and cognition in patients with clinical high-risk of psychosis (CHR). Method Thirty six CHR (study group) and thirty five healthy con?trols (control group) were included. Oddball paradigm and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were used to record auditory P300 and to evaluate the cognition, respectively. The structured interview for psychosis-risk syndromes (SIPS) was used to evaluate the clinic symptoms of patients. Result The cognition of CHR was significantly lower than healthy controls in information processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reason?ing and problem solving and social cognition (P<0.01). The study group showed decreased amplitude in Fz, Cz and Pz and delayed latency in Pz (P<0.05). P300 latency of CHR in Fz positively correlated with positive score of SOPS (r=0.544, P=0.001), while P300 amplitude positively correlated with verbal fluency (r=0.339,P=0.043). Conclusion Cogni?tion and P300 is abnormal in CHR. The correlation between P300 and clinical symptoms, cognitive dysfunction reminds that we should put more attention on the role of P300 in CHR subjects.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of basophil activation test (B A T) in ana-phylaxis to non-ionic contrast media through testing the content of CD 63, m ast cell-carboxypeptidase A 3 (M C-CPA 3), and term inal com plem ent com plex SC5b-9 of the individuals by testing their levels in the norm al im m une group and the anaphylaxis groups to β-lactam drugs and non-ionic contrast media. Methods The CD 63 expression of basophilic granulocyte in blood w as detected by flow cytom etry. The levels of M C-CPA 3 in blood serum and SC5b-9 in blood plasm a w ere detected by ELISA . Results The CD 63 expression of basophilic granulocyte in blood, the levels of M C-CPA 3 and SC5b-9 of anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media and β-lactam drugs w ere significantly higher than that in norm al im m une group (P<0.05). Conclusion There is activation of basophilic granulocytes, m ast cells and com plem ent system in anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media. B A Tcan be used to diagnose the anaphylaxis to non-ionic contrast media.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effects of inhaling 50% nitrous oxide on burn pediatric patients during and after dressing change. Methods A total of 120 burn pediatric patients received outpatient dressing and hospitalized from September 2012 to September 2014 were enrolled in our study, and they were all in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The 120 pediatric patients were divided into control group (n=30) treated with inhalation of oxygen during dressing change) and treatment group (n=90) treated with inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide during dressing change ) according to the computer-generated list of random number. The other treatments in control group and treatment group were the same. Before, during and after dressing change, degree of pain, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation and adverse effects were observed at the same time points. Data were processed with analysis of chi-square test, covariance and Student′s t test. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of HR, SBP, DBP, and SpO2 before dressing change (t=0. 34, 0. 57, 0. 11, 0. 98, respectively;P>0. 05). Compared with those of control group, levels of HR, SBP, DBP, and SpO2 in treatment group were significantly ameliorated during dressing change (t=25. 96, 24. 11, 8. 37, 20. 29, respectively;P<0. 01). After dressing change, the levels of DBP in the two groups were close (t=1. 57,P>0. 05), but the levels of HR, SBP, and SpO2 showed statistical differences (t=5. 20, 8. 64, 3. 37, respectively;P<0. 01). Before dressing change, the pain scores were approximate between control group and treatment group (t=0. 18,P>0. 05). Compared with those in control group, the pain scores in treatment group during and after dressing change were (2. 82 ± 0.8) and (1.2 ±0. 84), which were significantly lower than those in the control group (t =23. 00, 4. 30, respectively;P<0. 01). There were no obvious adverse effects in two groups during and after dressing change. The results of the covariance analysis of pain scores during dressing change showed statistical differences ( F=867. 956,P <0. 01). Conclusions 50% nitrous oxide seems to have obvious analgesic effects on burns pediatric patients during dressing change, and it can be widely used.

BACKGROUNDNicotine may improve schizophrenia patient's cognitive deficit symptoms. This study was to explore the chronic effects of smoking on prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) and P50 in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES).

METHODSThe event-related potentials (ERP) recording and analysis instrument made by Brain Products, Germany, was used to detect PPI and P50 in 49 male FES patients (FES group, n = 21 for smokers and n = 28 for non-smokers) and 43 normal male controls (control group, n = 19 for smokers and n = 24 for non-smokers).

RESULTSCompared with normal controls, the FES group had prolonged PPI latency when elicited by single stronger stimulus (P < 0.05); the FES group had prolonged PPI latency and increased PPI amplitude (P < 0.05, 0.01) when elicited by weak and strong stimuli. The FES group had lower PPI inhibition rate than normal controls (P < 0.05). Compared with normal controls, the FES group had increased P50-S2 amplitude and increased amplitude ratio S2/S1 (both P <0.05). In the control group, the smokers had a tendency of increase in P50-S2 amplitude (P > 0.05) and shorter P50-S2 latency (P < 0.05) than the non-smokers. The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers (P < 0.05). In the FES group, the smokers had higher P50-S1 amplitude, shorter P50-S2 latency, and higher amplitude ratio S2/S1 than the non-smokers (P < 0.05, 0.01). The smokers had higher PPI amplitude than the non-smokers (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is obvious PPI and P50 deficits in schizophrenic patients. However, these deficits are relatively preserved in the smokers compared with the non-smokers, which suggests that long-term smoking might partially improve the sensory gating in schizophrenic patients. Whether this conclusion can be deduced to female patients requires further follow-ups.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Evoked Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Reflex, Startle ; physiology ; Schizophrenia ; physiopathology ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Objective To study the responsible arteries of duodenal ulcer hemorrhage and the significance of transcatheter arterial embolization.Methods There were 1 7 patients of massive bleeding of duodenal ulcer,in which 1 6 patients were diagnosed and 8 ca-ses were treated by endoscope initially.DSAs were performed at gastr-oduodenal arteries or their ramus in all patients.DSA signs were analysed by two salted docters together.At first the responsible ar-teries for duodenal ulcer hemorrhage were affirmed,and then endo-vascular embolization was performed.Results The responsible arteries for duodenal ampulla ulcer hemorrhage were the ascending duodenal artery(ADA)、the pancreaticoduodenal trunk(PDT)、the supraduodenal artery(SDA)and the retroduodenal artery (RDA).The responsible arteries for descendant duodenum ulcer hemorrhage were the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (ASPDA)and the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery(PSPDA).The positive rate of bleeding that showed the signs of bleeding was 100%,the s-uccess rate of the operations was 100%,the complete efficiency ra-te of hemostasis was 88.2%,the par-tial efficiency rate of hemostas was 1 1.8%.Conclusion The responsible arteries of duodenal ulcer hemorrhage are multiples,which is important for guiding transcatheter arterial embolization of the responsible arteries of duodenal ulcer hemorrhage accurately.