BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that research on naringin anti-osteoporosis mostly stays in in vitro and in vivo experiments.Understanding the mechanism of related signaling pathways and the expression of related proteins and some specific genes is an important way to deeply understand naringin anti-osteoporosis.At present,traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to have a significant role in anti-osteoporosis.Naringin is one of the main active ingredients in Rhizoma Drynariae.Its effectiveness and mechanism of action against osteoporosis have been gradually recognized by scholars,and its clinical and basic research has been gradually emphasized. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the research progress of naringin in anti-osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo,thereby providing some ideas for the next step to study its related mechanism of action. METHODS:The relevant literatures included in CNKI and PubMed database were searched with the Chinese search terms of"naringin,osteoporosis,traditional Chinese medicine compound,pathogenesis,signaling pathway,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts"in Chinese and English,respectively.The corresponding criteria were established according to the research needs,and finally 69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Naringin blocks the increase in the number of osteoclasts and adipocytes,the decrease in the number of osteocytes and osteocalcin(+)cells induced by fructose-rich diet,and promotes the secretion of Sema3A from osteoblasts and osteocytes,thereby enhancing local bone formation and inhibiting osteoclast production by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Naringin is an important way to induce autophagy of osteoblasts,but autophagy-related proteins participate in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.Lack of autophagy in osteoblasts reduces mineralization and leads to an imbalance in the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,which results in bone loss and decreased bone density.The composite scaffold loaded with naringin can be used as a necessary carrier for bone defect repair and has excellent bone repair properties.Naringin can also accelerate the growth of new bone tissue by increasing the local contents of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.Naringin can regulate bone metabolism and inhibit oxidative stress via ERK,PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways to improve osteoporosis,which can play a good role in preventing and controlling the disease.However,the depth and breadth of the relevant research is insufficient.Based on the mechanism of the current study,we should investigate the specific mechanisms by which naringin regulates different pathways and inter-pathway interactions in the future,which will be beneficial to the multifaceted development of naringin used in the treatment of osteoporosis..

Objective Genotypes(G)1,3,and 5 of the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)have been isolated in China,but the dominant genotype circulating in Chinese coastal areas remains unknown.We searched for G5 JEV-infected cases and attempted to elucidate which JEV genotype was most closely related to human Japanese encephalitis(JE)in the coastal provinces of China. Methods In this study,we collected serum specimens from patients with JE in three coastal provinces of China(Guangdong,Zhejiang,and Shandong)from 2018 to 2020 and conducted JEV cross-neutralization tests against G1,G3,and G5. Results Acute serum specimens from clinically reported JE cases were obtained for laboratory confirmation from hospitals in Shandong(92 patients),Zhejiang(192 patients),and Guangdong(77 patients),China,from 2018 to 2020.Seventy of the 361 serum specimens were laboratory-confirmed to be infected with JEV.Two cases were confirmed to be infected with G1 JEV,32 with G3 JEV,and two with G5 JEV. Conclusion G3 was the primary infection genotype among JE cases with a definite infection genotype,and the infection caused by G5 JEV was confirmed serologically in China.

Objective:To establish a sensitive and specific real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for rapid detection of Getah virus (GETV).Methods:All the gene sequences of GETV were downloaded from GenBank database. Clustal X was used for sequence alignment, and specific primers and probes were designed according to highly conserved regions; we established a standard curve using the nucleic acid of GETV as a standard, and the sensitivity, specificity and stability of this method were evaluated respectively.Results:This method could specifically detect GETV and has no cross-reactivity with multiple arboviruses; the sensitivity was 1.0×10 pfu/ml, and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 1%. One case was GETV positive in 196 batches of mosquitoes collected from Hunan province, Hebei province, Fujian province and Chongqing city.Conclusions:We established a TaqMan probe real-time quantitative RT-PCR with high sensitivity and specificity which can be used for screening.

Objective:A highly sensitive and specific real-time quantitative TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for rapid and accurate detection of Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV).Methods:The TIBOV genomic sequences from GenBank were analyzed by Clustal X 2.1 and the specific primers and probe were designed in the conserved segment of VP4 gene. RNA standard was obtained from in vitro transcription and a TaqMan RT-PCR assay for TIBOV was established. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of this method were evaluated. Results:The assay showed a good amplification curve within the range of 1.0×10 2~8 copies/reaction template, the detection limit was 1.0×10 2 copies/reaction, the coefficients of variation of Ct values in repeat detections were all less than 1.5%. No cross-reaction was found in this assay. Variable mosquito samples were screened by this assay and the result showed TIBOV negative. The prepared TIBOV simulated positive samples were 100% detected. Conclusions:The assay developed in this study is specific and sensitive for detection of TIBOV and can be used for laboratory detection and routine surveillance.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and risk factors of active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia.Methods:Patients who required respiratory support and were diagnosed with severe community-acquired pneumonia in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from March 1, 2019 to June 1, 2020 were consecutively screened and divided into active HCMV infection group (20 cases) and non-active HCMV infection group (95 cases) based on whether a patient has active HCMV infection or not. Differences in demographic data, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Moreover, logistic regression was applied to analyze risk factors for active HCMV infection.Results:The 20 of 115 patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia requiring respiratory support were confirmed to have active infection with HCMV, with a prevalence of active HCMV infection of 17.4%. The pneumonia severity index (PSI) and suppressor T lymphocytes (Ts) in active HCMV infection group were higher than that of the control group, and all the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.432, P=0.015; Z=2.036, P=0.042); whereas lymphocytes, monocytes, blood lactate, and platelet levels were lower than those of the control group, and all the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Patients with active HCMV infection had a higher transfusion rate than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2=3.941; P=0.047). Increasing levels of PSI and Ts percentage were independent risk factors for active HCMV infection ( OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01~1.05; OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.00~1.11; P < 0.05). RICU length of stay, complication rates, and 90-day all-cause mortality were higher in the active HCMV infection group than the control group, and all the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Active HCMV infection is highly prevalent in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and associated with several adverse clinical outcomes, with PSI and Ts cell levels being independent risk factors.

Objective To discuss the correlation between female chronic pelvic pain and pelvic floor anatomy.Methods The female patiems of chronic pelvic pain 179 cases,age 28-67 years,average 49.4 years;pelvic pain history 8 months-9 years,average 2.8 years;167 cases has childbirth history,43 cases has surgery history,which gynecological surgery 31 cases,and urinary surgery 7 cases,and anus surgery 5 cases.Results High incidence of female pelvic pain were 30-60 age (incidence of 54.8％),93.3％ has birth history,24％ has operation history,the myofascial tissue pain higher than the organ,were 87.4％ than 12.6％ (P ＜ 0.01),the front of pelvic pain higher than back,were 65.6％ than 21.8％ (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Female chronic pelvic pain associated with the particularity of the pelvic anatomy and physiological,with the tissue of pelvic floor and urogenital diaphragm of primary injure and chronic inflammation is an important cause of chronic pelvic pain.

Objective To investigate the effect of ceftidine in operating room intervention and its effect on the quality of intervention. Methods Select 2016 May to May 2017, hangzhou normal university affiliated hospital operating room of our hospital, 366 cases of patients with skull, 2 groups randomly divided into two groups, control group routine surgery, the team combined use of cephalosporins he totally, compared two groups of two groups patients therapeutic effect. Results The intracranial infection was significantly lower in the two groups than in the control group (P<0.05). In the two groups, the number of live bacteria and the comparison of enzyme value were significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). Intervention quality compared two groups of 2 groups of patients, the team of PCT in patients with calcitonin (former) and CRP (CRP), TNF alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and white blood cell count were significantly lower than control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion Children with oral ulcer treatment, the therapeutic effect of smecta ideal, clinical application shall be the head to prevent the use of cephalosporins in patients with surgical intervention in the operating room he totally, can improve the quality of intervention, reduce the incidence of infection.

Objective To investigate the effects of different abstinent duration on brain functional network of heroin addicts at resting state.Methods Sixteen heroin addicts during protracted abstinence for 11-13 months (PA12 group) and twenty heroin addicts during protracted abstinence for 5-7 months (PA6 group) were recruited in the resting-state functional MRI study.Graph theoretical methods were applied to construct topological organization of whole brain network and nodes betweenness of the networks in all subjects,and the between-group differences were analyzed.The correlation of the node betweenness with the abstinence duration was conducted.Results There was no significant difference (P＞0.05) in the small world characteristic (γ≈1,λ》1) between two groups.Compared with the PA6 group,the PA12 group demonstrated significantly decreased nodal betweenness in regions of left parahippocampal gyrus,left precentral gyrus,and significantly enhanced nodal betweenness in regions of the left cuneus,left temporal and right middle occipital gyrus (all P＜0.05).Moreover,the betweenness of the left precentral gyrus (r =-0.52,P =0.001) and parahippocampal gyrus (r=-0.49,P=0.002) were negatively related with the abstinence duration,the betweenness of the right middle occipital was positively correlated with the abstinence duration (r=0.49,P=0.003).Conclusion The brain network small world topology of heroin addicts tend to be stable after 5-7 months of abstinence.Long-term abstinence may minimize the addicfs memory of drugs and potential drug seeking behavior,and recover addicts' visual spatial attention function.

Objective To observe the different effects caused by different injection sites in bladder ,in cases of female overac‐tive bladder cured by botulinum toxin type A injection .Methods Forty cases were divided into 2 groups randomly .Cases of group A accepted botulinum toxin type A injection only on detrusor .Cases of group B accepted botulinum toxin type A injection on detru‐sor and trigone of urinary bladder .The following parameters were recorded to evaluate the effects 4 weeks later :average daytime u‐rination frequency ,urination frequency at night ,average quantity of each urination ,frequency of urgency ,bladder capacity at first de‐sire ,maxima bladder capacity ,OABSS scores and QOL scores .Results After 4‐week treatment with botulinum toxin type A ,all pa‐rameters ,average daytime urination frequency ,urination frequency at night ,average quantity of each urination ,frequency of urgen‐cy ,bladder capacity at first desire ,maxima bladder capacity ,OABSS scores and QOL scores in cases of group A had a better im‐provment than those of cases of group B .Conclusion Botulinum toxin type A injection on bladder is a new effective method for fe‐male refractory overactive bladder .Injection on detrusor and trigone of urinary bladder is better than injection only on detrusor .

Objective To analyze the risk factors of urolithiasis in pregnancy and the relationship between urolithiasis in pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.Methods From January 2004 to December 2009,the clinical data of 162 pregnant women (Group A),diagnosed as upper urinary tract calculi,were reviewed,retrospectively.Their age ranged from 18 to 41 years (mean 24±5 years).Seven of them had history of urolithiasis before pregnant.At the same time,150 pregnant women without urinary stone (Group B) were also included in this study,whose mean age was 23±5 years.In addition,150 women without pregnant and urinary stone (Group C) were included in this study,whose mean age was 24±4 years.The blood and urine routine results,blood uric acid and electrolytes were recorded and compared among those groups.In group A,119 cases had symptomatic urolithiasis.Surgical intervention was performed in 24 cases and the conservative therapy was performed in 95 cases.The rates of abortion,premature delivery and cesarean delivery were compared between two groups.Results Compared group A with group B and group C,there were significant differences in the urine WBC (145.16±202.18 vs.46.00± 119.50 and 55.33 ± 145.36 per high power lens) and urine ketone body (2.41 ± 6.14 mmol/L vs.0.30± 1.75 mmol/L and 0.17± 1.26 mmol/L) (P＜0.05).Meanwhile,there were significant differences in the blood leukocytes [(11.39±3.89)× 109/L,(10.78±2.98) ×109/L vs.(6.21±1.48) × 109/L],the blood uric acid (331.12±215.22 μmol/L,329.32± 88.50 μmol/L vs.280.01±69.88 μmol/L),the urine protein (0.29±2.00 mmol/L,0.10±0.19 mmol/L vs.0.02±0.09 mmol/L),urine glucose (2.50±8.44 mmoL/L,2.35±8.63 mmol/L vs.0.25± 1.97 mmol/L) and urine erythrocyte (76.60±98.11,77.43±71.00 vs.13.77±37.93 per high power lens) (P＜0.05).In those patients with symptomatic urolithiasis,there was 1 case of abortion in the conservative treatment and surgery intervention groups,respectively.The premature delivery rate and cesarean delivery rate were 5.3％ vs.0％ and 17.9％ vs.4.2％,respectively.Conclusions The blood leukocytes,blood uric acid,urine protein,urine glucose and urine erythrocytes are significantly high in pregnant women than those in non-pregnant women.However,the relationship between those abnormality and urolithiasis in pregnancy is still indefinite.Since the urine leukocytes and ketone increase obviously,it might suggest that the occurrence of the urine calculi is related with the metabolism of nourishment and electrolytes,urinary tract infection in pregnancy.The surgery intervention may be a risk of fetus miscarriage.