BACKGROUND:The granulosa cell state greatly affects the quality of oocytes.As the increased proportion of aged women in assisted reproduction,granulosa cells from patients of different ages are examined at transcript levels in order to better assess oocyte quality. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression changes of mRNA and long non-coding RNA in granulosa cells from the young and aged patients. METHODS:Waste cumulus granulosa cells obtained during the assisted reproductive cycle.Young group was in 25-35 years old,and the aged group was in 38-45 years old.Granulosa cells collected from the young and aged females were analyzed using RNA sequencing,three replications for each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The RNA sequencing analysis results showed that the average sequencing volume of samples was more than 14 G;the data quality Q30 after quality control was more than 93%;the average mapping rate of data was 98.4%,which indicates that the data had good quality.(2)The results of principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that the samples of the aged group and the young group could be clearly distinguished.(3)The difference analysis results showed that compared with the young group,a total of 410 differentially expressed mRNAs were detected in the aged group(167 up-regulated and 243 down-regulated).GO analysis results showed that the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in regulatedexocytosis and the emetabolicprocess.GSEA analysis results showed that secretion-related pathways in the aged group were down-regulated.(4)Compared with the young group,662 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs were detected in the aged group,and 1 772 protein-coding genes were directly regulated by these long non-coding RNAs,among which 59 genes overlaped with differentially expressed genes.The results showed that the expression of secretion-related genes and pathways in granulosa cells of the aged group was down-regulated,thus affecting oocyte quality.At the same time,these down-regulated genes were regulated by long non-coding RNA.Therefore,the expression of long non-coding RNA might be related to age.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of interventional embolization of middle meningeal artery(MMA)for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with CSDH(17 lesions in total),who were treated with simple embolization of MMA at the Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College of China between July 2021 and July 2022,were retrospective analyzed.After superselective catheterization of MMA using a microcatheter was accomplished,Onyx-18 glue,a liquid embolization agent,was used to embolize the main trunk and the branches of MMA.Imaging follow-up was adopted at 30 days and 90 days after discharge from hospital to evaluate the absorption of hematoma,and the improvement of clinical symptoms was defined as the modified Rankin Scale score(mRS)being decreased≥1 point from the baseline value.Results Successful embolization of MMA was accomplished for all the 17 lesions in the 14 patients,and no procedure-related complications occurred.During the follow-up period,the clinical symptoms and signs were remarkably improved in all patients.The postoperative 90-day hematoma volume was reduced by more than 90%in 11 patients and by more than 40%in one patient,and in 2 patients the postoperative 30-day hematoma volume was reduced by more than 30%.Complete absorption of hematoma was seen in 11 patients,and partial absorption of hematoma was observed in 3 patients.Conclusion For the treatment of newly-developed or recurrent CSDH,interventional embolization of MMA is clinically safe and effective.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,32:12-16)

As confusion mounts over RNA isoforms involved in phenotypic plasticity, aberrant CpG methylation-mediated disruption of alternative splicing is increasingly recognized as a driver of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). Protease serine 3 (PRSS3), possessing four splice variants (PRSS3-SVs; PRSS3-V1-V4), is an indispensable trypsin that shows paradoxical effects on cancer development. Here, we found that PRSS3 transcripts and their isoforms were divergently expressed in lung cancer, exhibiting opposing functions and clinical outcomes, namely, oncogenic PRSS3-V1 and PRSS3-V2 versus tumor-suppressive PRSS3-V3, by targeting different downstream genes. We identified an intragenic CpG island (iCpGI) in PRSS3. Hypermethylation of iCpGI was mediated by UHRF1/DNMT1 complex interference with the binding of myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) to regulate PRSS3 transcription. The garlic-derived compound diallyl trisulfide cooperated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine to exert antitumor effects in lung adenocarcinoma cells through site-specific iCpGI demethylation specifically allowing MZF1 to upregulate PRSS3-V3 expression. Epigenetic silencing of PRSS3-V3 via iCpGI methylation (iCpGIm) in BALF and tumor tissues was associated with early clinical progression in patients with lung cancer but not in those with squamous cell carcinoma or inflammatory disease. Thus, UHRF1/DNMT1-MZF1 axis-modulated site-specific iCpGIm regulates divergent expression of PRSS3-SVs, conferring nongenetic functional ITH, with implications for early detection of lung cancer and targeted therapies.

Objective:To investigate the clinical curative effect of closed reduction and internal fixation of Jakob type II lateral humeral condyle fractures in children under ultrasound guidance.Methods:A retrospective case series analysis was made on clinical data of 59 patients with Jakob type II lateral humeral condyle fractures treated at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2016 to August 2017. There were 30 males and 29 females, with the age of 1.5-8.1 years [(4.0±1.8)years]. There were 34 patients treated by open reduction and internal fixation and monitored by the X-ray (control group), and 25 patients treated by closed reduction and internal fixation and monitored by ultrasound (study group). The operation time, bleeding volume, fracture healing time, and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. The elbow joint function was evaluated by Broberg and Morrey standard at the latest follow-up.Results:All patients were followed up for 17-31 months[(23.2±4.2)months]. The operation time and bleeding volume in control group were (50.7±22.2)minutes and (6.1±3.8)ml, obviously higher than those in study group [(21.4±3.3)minutes, (1.1±0.3)ml] ( P<0.05). The fracture healing time was (8.0±0.8)weeks in control group and (7.8±0.7)weeks in study group ( P>0.05). According to the Broberg and Morrey standard, the good and excellent rate of elbow joint function in control group was 97%, with excellent results in 31 patients, good in 2, fair in 1, and poor in 0; the good and excellent rate of elbow joint function in study group was 100%, with excellent results in 22 patients, good in 3, fair in 0 and poor in 0 ( P>0.05). In study group, wound infection or malunion was not seen, and only two patients showed postoperative wire tail irritability and recovered after the removal of wires. While in control group, wound infection was seen in 3 patients and malunion was observed in 2 patients, but all patients were with distal humerus lateral bone formations. The incidence of complications was 15% in control group, higher than 0% in study group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared to open reduction internal fixation, ultrasound-guided closed reduction and internal fixation of Jakob type Ⅱ lateral humeral condyle fractures in children has similar therapeutic effect, but it can shorten operation time and reduce bleeding and complications.

Objective Retrospectively investigate 76 cases of traumatic amputation and limb salvage so as to provide clinical reference for children amputation .Methods We retrospevtively investigated 38 cases of traumatic amputation admitted during July 1996 to May 2013(experimental group) ,and 38 cases of limb salvage cases at the same time(control group) ,and re‐evaluated them according to the MESS standards and LSI score .Statistical analysis of the two scoring systems for the inosculation of amputation was conducted .Results Both Mangled Extremity Severity Score and Limb‐salvage index system can be used as the estimation for the traumatic amputation .Conclusion Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) and Limb‐salvage index (LSI) can be used as an evaluation of the traumatic amputation in children ,and LSI was more suitable for the children .

Objective To discuss the effective treatments for fracture of the medial humeral epicondyle in children.Methods Twenty-five children with fracture of the medial humeral epicondyle treated from January 2008 to June 2011 were studied,including 18 males and 7 females at age of 7-14 years (mean,11.4 years).There were 7 cases accompanied with elbow joint dislocation and 2 lateral humeral epicondyle fracture.Patients were assigned to medial elbow approach to open reduction and internal fixation with absorbable rods (Group A,n =13) and open reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation (Group B,n =12) according to the random number table.A plaster support was applied after surgery.Functional training was initiated 2-3 weeks after operation for Group A and 4-6 weeks after adequate callus formation for Group B.Moreover,follow-up was performed at regular intervals.Results All patients were followed up for 6-41 months (mean,22 months).Mean healing time was 3.8 weeks (range,3-5 weeks) in Group A and 5.6 weeks (range,4-8 weeks) in Group B.At postoperative 6 months,Bede elbow performance score was (93.7 ± 3.3) points in Group A with 10 excellent and 3 good results and (85.3 ±6.3) points in Group B with 3 excellent,7 good,and2 fair results (t=-4.24,P＜0.05).Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation with absorbable rods gains advantages of rigid immobilization,functional recovery and minor complication and hence is effective for treatment of medial humeral epicondyle fracture in children.

BACKGROUND:Neuroblastoma is a common solid tumor in children. Pediatric tumors are little affected by environmental factors, but closely related to child development. The suspension method is an effective and reliable method to harvest neoplastic stem cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To culture the cel clones of human neuroblastoma cel line SK-N-SH and to assess the biological properties of the cel clones.
METHODS:Using the suspension method with no serum media, tumor cel clones were obtained. Immunofluorescence method was used to identify whether tumor cel clones exhibit stem cel properties. SK-N-SH neuroblastoma was labeled by luciferase, and tumor cel clones and tumor cel s were seeded onto the back of nude mice to monitor cel proliferative properties in nude mice using in vivo imaging.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Using the suspension culture method, SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cel s could successful y develop into cloning bal s. Under serum-free culture, cloning bal s were immunofluorescently used to detect molecular markers that showed strong positive expression. Cloning bal s subcutaneously implanted into
nude mice showed the strong ability of self-renewal and differentiation as stem cel s. The cel clones cultured by the suspension method strongly expressed Nestin, but weakly expressed glial fibril ary acidic protein, neuron-specific tubulin, possessing stem cel characteristics and strong proliferation and metastasis in nude mice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effects of minimally invasive incision in anterior traverse approach for Gartland type Ⅲ humeral supracondylar fractures in children.Methods Forty-two patients with Gartland type Ⅲ displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus were treated through anterior traverse approach between January 2008 and April 2011.The fractures were fixed using two Kirschner wires from the medial and lateral epicondyles placed crossing each other.There were 31 males and 11 females,at age of 2.6-12 years (average 5.7 years).Three patients were with open fractures.Seven patients were combined with other fractures,four with radial nerve injury and one with median nerve injury,with time from injury to hospitalization for a range of 1 hour to 3 days.Of all the patients,30 patients were with fractures on the right side and 12 with fractures on the left side.All fractures were treated by minimally invasive incision in anterior traverse approach,when the neurovascular and muscular probing and repair were performed. Results Forty patients were followed up for 3-32 months ( average 13 months),which showed incision healing at one stage,with fracture healing time for 3-4 weeks (average 3.6 weeks).No cubitus varus or incision scar were found after operation.According to Flynn' s criteria,the effect of treatment three months after operation were excellent in 32 patients,good in four and fair in four,with excellence rate of 90％.ConclusionsThe minimally invasive incision of anterior traverse approach is characterized by minor trauma,small incision,nil scar and convenient neurovascular and muscular exploration and hence is a safe and reliable treatment for open reduction of Gartland type Ⅲ humeral supracondylar fractures in children.

Objective To investigate the effect of intramedullary stabilization of lower limb fractures with titanium elastic nails (TENs) in children.Methods From June 2004 to October 2010,278 children were stabilized with TENs in our hospital,including 181 boys and 97 girlsat average age of 7.6 years (range,3.0-14 years).There were 162 patients with femoral fractures,of which 35 underwent open reduction and the rest closed reduction.There were 116 patients with tibial fractures,which was treated with closed reduction.Postoperative fixation lasted for 3-4 weeks.The mean hospital stay was seven days.Of all the patients,272 patients received the removal of the TENs six months after operation and 242 received more than one year of follow-up to have a further observation on the limb length,hip and knee mobility and gait condition in children.Results All the patients were followed up for 6-66 months (mean,33 months).All fractures were healed in good alignment without severe complications.There were no intraoperative complications like infections,delayed union,nonunion,TEN broken and femoral or tibial epiphysis injuries.Ten patients suffered from swell and skin irritation in the nail' s position 3-4 months after operation,and the nails were removed in advance.Nineteen patients showed unequal lengths ( within 1 cm) of the lower limbs,with normal function of the lower limb joint but with no obvious limp.According to the Flynn evaluation standard,the excellent and good rate was 100％.Conclusions Characterized by good stability,rapid healing,small incision,anatomic reduction,unimpaired periosteum,short hospital stay and few complications,intramedullary stabilization with titanium elastic nails can achieve effective fixation in the treatment of lower limb fractures in children.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of long incision and reticular incision in the treatment of osteofascial compartment syndrome(OCS)in children.Methods The study involved 56 children with OCS who met failure of the conservative treatment.The injury sites included mainly the forearm and the leg.All the children underwent decompression by a small reticular incision procedure from January 2000 to May 2009.The fractures were treated with one stage reduction and fixation or second stage open reduction.Meanwhile,the study involved another 21 children(including 13 earthquake victims)who were treated with long incision for open decompression in the other hospitals before admission.All the wounds were healed by direct suture or dermatoplasty after 1-5 weeks of infection control.Bacterial culture was performed in all the wounds.The fractures were treated with secondary open reduction and fixation.Bacteria culture was done in all wounds.Results The reticular incisional wounds of 56 patients were healed free from dermatoplasty,with no infection or sensory dysfunction.Among 21 patients treated with long incision,the bacteria culture was positive in 16 patients(including 13 earthquake victims)and verve injury found in five patients(including two with radial nerve injury and three with peroneal nerve injury).Four patients with partial or complete cut-off of the verves were improved after repair by secondary operation.Direct suture of incisions was done in nine patients and skin graft performed in 12,with average healing time for three weeks.The patients were followed up for mean 5.6 years,which showed no claw hands,with overall satisfactory rate for about 98% and 95% respectively in two groups according to the probation standard of amputated finger function evaluation from the Hand Surgery Plant of Chinese Medical Association.Conclusions Both long incision and reticular incision procedures can be used early in the treatment of pediatric OCS,while the reticular incision procedure is more convenient and simple,with less complications.